Given the environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics,finding alternative substitutes for sustainability has become critical.Polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB),a storage food material that is accumulated by sever...Given the environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics,finding alternative substitutes for sustainability has become critical.Polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB),a storage food material that is accumulated by several bacteria,is biodegrad-able,safe,environment friendly and comparable to conventional plastics.However,scale-up is an issue due to high produc-tion cost.Substrate replacement using renewable,plentiful,sustainable and low-cost carbon sources derived from industrial waste facilitates waste reduction,while also enabling the synthesis of value-added products.In this context,inexpensive pulp and paper industrial waste as carbon source was exploited for production of PHB by using previously isolated(Source:hot springs of Manikarn,Himachal Pradesh,India)thermophilic bacteria Bacillus sonorensis NAM5 under optimized conditions in a fermenter.Production was done in a fermenter under optimized conditions(72 h of incubation at 50℃temperature and 7 pH)to enhance the accumulation of PHB.The bacterial strain was able to produce 5.28±0.11 gL^(-1)after 72 h of growth without any carbon and nitrogen source supplementation to the industrial effluent.The culture accumulated 66%PHB of cell dry weight(CDW).The produced polymer was characterized through FTIR,NMR and TGA.Additionally,bacteria-treated industrial wastewater was used for phytotoxicity assay on agriculturally important crops such as wheat,maize and mung,which exhibited considerable difference in growth parameters.展开更多
Background The extent of natural salt-laden groundwaters used for irrigation is increasing worldwide,which is a fast-emerging threat to agroecosystems and global food security.The salt buildup in the soil is linked to...Background The extent of natural salt-laden groundwaters used for irrigation is increasing worldwide,which is a fast-emerging threat to agroecosystems and global food security.The salt buildup in the soil is linked to deteriorated soil chemical,physical,and biological health and decreased land productivity.Alkali waters with high residual sodium carbonate(RSC)is one of the severe poor-quality waters that deteriorate soil.We evaluated soil microbial dynamics and soil health at critical growth stages of rice crop receiving two-decade-long irrigation with three levels of alkali water and two reclamation strategies.These included good-quality water(GQW),alkali water(ALKW)with an RSC concentration of 5 me L^(-1)(ALKW1),ALKW with an RSC concentration of 10 me L^(-1)(ALKW2),ALKW2 treated to neutralize RSC to 5 me L^(-1)using gypsum(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O;ALKW2+GYP),and ALKW2 treated with sulfuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4);ALKW2+SA).Eleven microbial parameters were used to develop a soil microbial activity index(SMAI),and eight soil health indicators were correlated with changes in SMAI and crop productivity.Results The SMAI peaked under good-quality water(GQW)conditions(0.84–0.89),while the lowest values were recorded under ALKW_(2)(0.06–0.18).Neutralized alkali waters,ALKW_(2)+SA and ALKW2+GYP,signifcantly improved SMAI with corresponding values of 0.25–0.35 and 0.13–0.32,respectively.SMAI across all stages correlated positively(R^(2)=0.91–0.98)with rice yield.Microbial activity varied with the crop growth stage,peaking at tillering.Gypsum application alone,aimed at neutralizing alkalinity from an RSC of 10 to 5 me L^(-1),proved insufcient in bringing the SMAI up to the ALKW1(RSC level of 5 me L^(-1)).Conclusions The application of dilute sulfuric acid demonstrated better results in restoring the soil microbial activity index than gypsum amendment;however,sulfuric acid treatment depends on native calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))dissolution for its efectiveness.It may not sufce for soil stability improvement in the long term,especially when native CaCO_(3)is low.Therefore,integrating gypsum and dilute sulfuric acid for RSC neutralization is worthwhile;however,further assessment is needed to confrm their combined impact on soil biochemical and physical properties.展开更多
In the current study,the phytochemical composition and biological activity(antimicrobial,antioxidant,antigenotoxic,and antimutagenic)of different leaf extracts of green tea(Camellia Sinensis)were investigated.Maximum ...In the current study,the phytochemical composition and biological activity(antimicrobial,antioxidant,antigenotoxic,and antimutagenic)of different leaf extracts of green tea(Camellia Sinensis)were investigated.Maximum total polyphenol content(17.12±0.02),total flavonoid content(16.18±0.03),antioxidant activity(DPPH)to scavenge free radicals(95.9%)and highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concen-tration value of 3.12 mg/ml and a 26 mm zone of inhibition were recorded for the methanolic extract.The antigenotoxic potential of various extracts of C.sinensis at a concentration of 1000µg/ml reduced DNA damaged by 37%against Cd-induced genotoxicity as indicated by tail moment(7.9±0.4)during comet assay.Antimutagenic potential of methanolic extracts showed a mutagenic inhibition of 52%against sodium azide mutagen in TA98 strain(+S9)during the ames test.Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of methanolic extract showed the presence of a number of compounds The above findings suggest the potential application of C.sinensis methanol extract in food and the health business,and to meet expanding human requirements.展开更多
The noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus has spread globally since departing from its native environment over two centuries ago.Its ability to thrive is attributed to adaptive features such as the lack of natural adv...The noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus has spread globally since departing from its native environment over two centuries ago.Its ability to thrive is attributed to adaptive features such as the lack of natural adversaries,broad adaptability,resilience to drought,insensitivity to light conditions,rapid seed production,easy seed dispersal,and allelopathic traits,enabling it to flourish in various soil types and overcome climatic constraints.We aim to eliminate the P.hysterophorus infec-tion because we are aware of its harmful effects.Attempting to limit its expansion is not a feasible strategy for eradication;instead,it can be effectively handled by harnessing it for diverse purposes.This review provides a concise overview of the P.hysterophorus issue and highlights potential uses that could offer innovative approaches to address the problem.Newly identified applications of P.hysterophorus encompass composting,serving as a bioremediation agent for hazardous metals and dyes,acting as a cost-effective substrate for cellulase production,contributing to nanoparticle synthesis,facilitating ethanol production,and serving as a biogas source.展开更多
文摘Given the environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics,finding alternative substitutes for sustainability has become critical.Polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB),a storage food material that is accumulated by several bacteria,is biodegrad-able,safe,environment friendly and comparable to conventional plastics.However,scale-up is an issue due to high produc-tion cost.Substrate replacement using renewable,plentiful,sustainable and low-cost carbon sources derived from industrial waste facilitates waste reduction,while also enabling the synthesis of value-added products.In this context,inexpensive pulp and paper industrial waste as carbon source was exploited for production of PHB by using previously isolated(Source:hot springs of Manikarn,Himachal Pradesh,India)thermophilic bacteria Bacillus sonorensis NAM5 under optimized conditions in a fermenter.Production was done in a fermenter under optimized conditions(72 h of incubation at 50℃temperature and 7 pH)to enhance the accumulation of PHB.The bacterial strain was able to produce 5.28±0.11 gL^(-1)after 72 h of growth without any carbon and nitrogen source supplementation to the industrial effluent.The culture accumulated 66%PHB of cell dry weight(CDW).The produced polymer was characterized through FTIR,NMR and TGA.Additionally,bacteria-treated industrial wastewater was used for phytotoxicity assay on agriculturally important crops such as wheat,maize and mung,which exhibited considerable difference in growth parameters.
基金support for this work was provided by Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)NICRA project(National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture)supported the work through grant no.ICAR-DARE-NICRA-03.
文摘Background The extent of natural salt-laden groundwaters used for irrigation is increasing worldwide,which is a fast-emerging threat to agroecosystems and global food security.The salt buildup in the soil is linked to deteriorated soil chemical,physical,and biological health and decreased land productivity.Alkali waters with high residual sodium carbonate(RSC)is one of the severe poor-quality waters that deteriorate soil.We evaluated soil microbial dynamics and soil health at critical growth stages of rice crop receiving two-decade-long irrigation with three levels of alkali water and two reclamation strategies.These included good-quality water(GQW),alkali water(ALKW)with an RSC concentration of 5 me L^(-1)(ALKW1),ALKW with an RSC concentration of 10 me L^(-1)(ALKW2),ALKW2 treated to neutralize RSC to 5 me L^(-1)using gypsum(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O;ALKW2+GYP),and ALKW2 treated with sulfuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4);ALKW2+SA).Eleven microbial parameters were used to develop a soil microbial activity index(SMAI),and eight soil health indicators were correlated with changes in SMAI and crop productivity.Results The SMAI peaked under good-quality water(GQW)conditions(0.84–0.89),while the lowest values were recorded under ALKW_(2)(0.06–0.18).Neutralized alkali waters,ALKW_(2)+SA and ALKW2+GYP,signifcantly improved SMAI with corresponding values of 0.25–0.35 and 0.13–0.32,respectively.SMAI across all stages correlated positively(R^(2)=0.91–0.98)with rice yield.Microbial activity varied with the crop growth stage,peaking at tillering.Gypsum application alone,aimed at neutralizing alkalinity from an RSC of 10 to 5 me L^(-1),proved insufcient in bringing the SMAI up to the ALKW1(RSC level of 5 me L^(-1)).Conclusions The application of dilute sulfuric acid demonstrated better results in restoring the soil microbial activity index than gypsum amendment;however,sulfuric acid treatment depends on native calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))dissolution for its efectiveness.It may not sufce for soil stability improvement in the long term,especially when native CaCO_(3)is low.Therefore,integrating gypsum and dilute sulfuric acid for RSC neutralization is worthwhile;however,further assessment is needed to confrm their combined impact on soil biochemical and physical properties.
文摘In the current study,the phytochemical composition and biological activity(antimicrobial,antioxidant,antigenotoxic,and antimutagenic)of different leaf extracts of green tea(Camellia Sinensis)were investigated.Maximum total polyphenol content(17.12±0.02),total flavonoid content(16.18±0.03),antioxidant activity(DPPH)to scavenge free radicals(95.9%)and highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concen-tration value of 3.12 mg/ml and a 26 mm zone of inhibition were recorded for the methanolic extract.The antigenotoxic potential of various extracts of C.sinensis at a concentration of 1000µg/ml reduced DNA damaged by 37%against Cd-induced genotoxicity as indicated by tail moment(7.9±0.4)during comet assay.Antimutagenic potential of methanolic extracts showed a mutagenic inhibition of 52%against sodium azide mutagen in TA98 strain(+S9)during the ames test.Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of methanolic extract showed the presence of a number of compounds The above findings suggest the potential application of C.sinensis methanol extract in food and the health business,and to meet expanding human requirements.
文摘The noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus has spread globally since departing from its native environment over two centuries ago.Its ability to thrive is attributed to adaptive features such as the lack of natural adversaries,broad adaptability,resilience to drought,insensitivity to light conditions,rapid seed production,easy seed dispersal,and allelopathic traits,enabling it to flourish in various soil types and overcome climatic constraints.We aim to eliminate the P.hysterophorus infec-tion because we are aware of its harmful effects.Attempting to limit its expansion is not a feasible strategy for eradication;instead,it can be effectively handled by harnessing it for diverse purposes.This review provides a concise overview of the P.hysterophorus issue and highlights potential uses that could offer innovative approaches to address the problem.Newly identified applications of P.hysterophorus encompass composting,serving as a bioremediation agent for hazardous metals and dyes,acting as a cost-effective substrate for cellulase production,contributing to nanoparticle synthesis,facilitating ethanol production,and serving as a biogas source.
