BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with prostate cancer,particularly in ethnic minorities.Patients with prostate cancer may still be deficient even in areas of high sun exposure.Although androgen depr...BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with prostate cancer,particularly in ethnic minorities.Patients with prostate cancer may still be deficient even in areas of high sun exposure.Although androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)is well documented to affect bone health,its impact on vitamin D levels is still uncertain.This study investigates the subgroups of prostate cancer patients most associated with vitamin D deficiency and ADT’s relation to this.AIM To examine how prevalent vitamin D deficiency is among prostate cancer patients in a sun-rich environment,with focus on differences by race and disease stage.It also assessed whether ADT is associated with changes in vitamin D levels.METHODS Prostate cancer patients treated at Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center between 2014-2024 were retrospectively studied with regards to vitamin D levels across racial groups,disease stages,and ADT exposure.Changes in vitamin D levels pre-and post-ADT over 24 months were assessed by statistical methods including paired t-tests.RESULTS Among 120 patients(mean age:74 years,mean body mass index:27.6 kg/m^(2)),African American(33.3%)and Hispanic(31.8%)patients had the greatest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency(<20 ng/mL).With a 28.6%deficit rate,metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer had the highest prevalence rates of deficiency.There was no significant difference between pre-and post-ADT vitamin D levels(P=0.45).CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is common in prostate cancer patients,especially racial minorities and those with advanced disease,despite residing in an area with high sun exposure.ADT does not significantly impact vitamin D levels in the short term.Routine screening and supplementation should be considered in these high-risk groups.展开更多
Objective:To identify the residue determinants of the serospecificity and sero-cross-reactivity of dengue virus(DENV)envelope protein domain 3(ED3),which contains two major putative epitopes of DENV.Methods:We constru...Objective:To identify the residue determinants of the serospecificity and sero-cross-reactivity of dengue virus(DENV)envelope protein domain 3(ED3),which contains two major putative epitopes of DENV.Methods:We constructed ED3 from DENV3(3ED3)and DENV4(4ED3),and six epitope-grafted variants,where we transferred epitope 1(L304I,K305D,V309M,and S310A)and/or epitope 2(D383N,K384S,K387T,and N389H)of 4ED3 onto 3ED3 and vice-versa.Swiss albino mice aged 3-4 weeks were immunized against wildtype and epitope-grafted ED3 variants and anti-ED3 IgG antibody responses were determined using ELISA.Results:Mouse immunization using 3ED3 and 4ED3 generated serotype-specific antisera,as expected.Similarly,most epitope-grafted ED3s produced antisera serospecific to the template ED3 with little or no cross-recognition of ED3 of the serotype from which the epitopes were taken.These indicated that a mere grafting of the epitope was not sufficient to transfer serospecificity,contrary to our expectations.However,one epitope-grafted ED3 mutant,where epitope 1 of 3ED3 was grafted onto 4ED3(4ED3^(epi1)),generated antisera that was serospecific to both 4ED3 and 3ED3.Conclusions:The 4ED3^(epi1)is a chimeric ED3 that produces antisera possessing serospecificity to both 3ED3 and 4ED3 onto a common 4ED3 scaffold.The 4ED3^(epi1),therefore,provides a unique tool for analyzing serospecificity and sero-cross-reactivity in dengue.We believe that chimeric ED3 may provide a template for future recombinant ED3 possessing serospecificity of multiple DENVs onto a single scaffold and may pave a way developing tri-and/or tetravalent anti-DENV antisera.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with prostate cancer,particularly in ethnic minorities.Patients with prostate cancer may still be deficient even in areas of high sun exposure.Although androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)is well documented to affect bone health,its impact on vitamin D levels is still uncertain.This study investigates the subgroups of prostate cancer patients most associated with vitamin D deficiency and ADT’s relation to this.AIM To examine how prevalent vitamin D deficiency is among prostate cancer patients in a sun-rich environment,with focus on differences by race and disease stage.It also assessed whether ADT is associated with changes in vitamin D levels.METHODS Prostate cancer patients treated at Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center between 2014-2024 were retrospectively studied with regards to vitamin D levels across racial groups,disease stages,and ADT exposure.Changes in vitamin D levels pre-and post-ADT over 24 months were assessed by statistical methods including paired t-tests.RESULTS Among 120 patients(mean age:74 years,mean body mass index:27.6 kg/m^(2)),African American(33.3%)and Hispanic(31.8%)patients had the greatest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency(<20 ng/mL).With a 28.6%deficit rate,metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer had the highest prevalence rates of deficiency.There was no significant difference between pre-and post-ADT vitamin D levels(P=0.45).CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is common in prostate cancer patients,especially racial minorities and those with advanced disease,despite residing in an area with high sun exposure.ADT does not significantly impact vitamin D levels in the short term.Routine screening and supplementation should be considered in these high-risk groups.
基金This research was supported by a GARE project grant(MOE,Bangladesh,grant no.LS201615)a Chittagong University Revenue Budget Grant(6160/2018)to MMI.
文摘Objective:To identify the residue determinants of the serospecificity and sero-cross-reactivity of dengue virus(DENV)envelope protein domain 3(ED3),which contains two major putative epitopes of DENV.Methods:We constructed ED3 from DENV3(3ED3)and DENV4(4ED3),and six epitope-grafted variants,where we transferred epitope 1(L304I,K305D,V309M,and S310A)and/or epitope 2(D383N,K384S,K387T,and N389H)of 4ED3 onto 3ED3 and vice-versa.Swiss albino mice aged 3-4 weeks were immunized against wildtype and epitope-grafted ED3 variants and anti-ED3 IgG antibody responses were determined using ELISA.Results:Mouse immunization using 3ED3 and 4ED3 generated serotype-specific antisera,as expected.Similarly,most epitope-grafted ED3s produced antisera serospecific to the template ED3 with little or no cross-recognition of ED3 of the serotype from which the epitopes were taken.These indicated that a mere grafting of the epitope was not sufficient to transfer serospecificity,contrary to our expectations.However,one epitope-grafted ED3 mutant,where epitope 1 of 3ED3 was grafted onto 4ED3(4ED3^(epi1)),generated antisera that was serospecific to both 4ED3 and 3ED3.Conclusions:The 4ED3^(epi1)is a chimeric ED3 that produces antisera possessing serospecificity to both 3ED3 and 4ED3 onto a common 4ED3 scaffold.The 4ED3^(epi1),therefore,provides a unique tool for analyzing serospecificity and sero-cross-reactivity in dengue.We believe that chimeric ED3 may provide a template for future recombinant ED3 possessing serospecificity of multiple DENVs onto a single scaffold and may pave a way developing tri-and/or tetravalent anti-DENV antisera.
