BACKGROUND^(68)Ga(gallium)-PSMA PET-CT(prostate-specific membrane antigen-directed Positron emission tomography-computed tomography)has established its role in prostate cancer management as targeted molecular imaging....BACKGROUND^(68)Ga(gallium)-PSMA PET-CT(prostate-specific membrane antigen-directed Positron emission tomography-computed tomography)has established its role in prostate cancer management as targeted molecular imaging.However,limited studies are available on the diagnostic accuracy of^(99m)Tc(Technetium)-PSMASPECT/CT.Due to its cost effectiveness and better feasibility,it needs to be explored more extensively for its incorporation into routine clinical practice.AIM To analyse the diagnostic accuracy of^(99m)Tc-PSMA-SPECT/CT for detection of primary prostate carcinoma.METHODS As a prospective study in a tertiary hospital,^(99m)Tc-PSMA-SPECT/CT was performed in 29 outpatients with suspected prostate cancer,with a median age of 66(range:50-82)years.The findings were compared to histopathology as the gold standard.RESULTS Nineteen of twenty-nine patients were positive on^(99m)Tc-PSMA-SPECT/CT,of which 16(84.2%)had prostate cancer on histopathology,while the remaining ten were negative on imaging,of which three had prostate cancer,leading to an overall sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 84.2%,70%,and 79.3%,respectively,on visual analysis.Prostate:background and prostate:liver ratios were 37.18±48.85 and 5.35±7.35 in the malignant group,while 6.65±5.17 and 1.14±0.56 in the benign group,respectively.The area under the curve values for prostate:background and prostate:liver ratios were 0.833(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.677-0.990,P=0.005)and 0.767(95%CI:0.596-0.937,P=0.024),respectively,on receiver operator curve analysis.A cut-off value>10.45 for prostate:background ratio(sensitivity 85%and specificity 88.9%),and>1.15 for prostate:liver ratio(sensitivity 75%and specificity of 77.8%respectively)was found to be pertinent to differentiate between the malignant vs benign groups.CONCLUSION^(99m)Tc-PSMA-SPECT/CT shows a promising role in the diagnosis of primary prostate cancer.展开更多
In India, festivals are celebrated with lot of enthusiasm and Diwali is the major festival of light. In this festival, houses are illuminated by lights and sky is illuminated by fireworks. These fireworks though creat...In India, festivals are celebrated with lot of enthusiasm and Diwali is the major festival of light. In this festival, houses are illuminated by lights and sky is illuminated by fireworks. These fireworks though create lot of amusement but also pollute the atmosphere in terms of air pollution. The continuous air pollution monitoring was undertaken during Diwali festival (2014) at residential site NEERI, Nagpur. Air quality parameters were compared with CPCB standard. On Diwali day, PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration achieve its highest value of 900 μg/m<sup>3</sup> and 950 respectively μg/m<sup>3</sup>. This high concentration is maintained in atmosphere for two days of this festival in atmosphere which is approximately 8 - 9 times more than that regulatory standard. These particles carry all the components of the cracker including heavy metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth and change the atmosphere with positive and negative ions apart from impaction of sulfur and other acid gases to the atmosphere.展开更多
Hypertension is a major problem worldwide. There is much evidence to suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) radical may play a role in the development of organ damage associated with cardiovascular disease and hyp...Hypertension is a major problem worldwide. There is much evidence to suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) radical may play a role in the development of organ damage associated with cardiovascular disease and hypertension. (-)Epicatechin, a member of tea catechins belonging to flavonoid group, is known to be a potent anti-oxidant. The study has been undertaken to evaluate the effect of (-)epicatechin on markers of oxidative stress: reduced glutathione (GSH) and membrane sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in erythrocytes from hypertensive patients. The effect of (-)epicatechin was also compared with a known anti-oxidant L-ascorbic acid. The erythrocyte intracellular GSH content and membrane -SH group content were significantly (P<0.01) decreased in hypertensive subjects. In vitro incubation with (-)epicatechin caused an increase in GSH and -SH content, the effect was more pronounced in hypertensive erythrocytes. Similar results were obtained with L-ascorbic acid. The observed decrease in the level of GSH and -SH groups in hypertension is an indicator of oxidative stress condition. Observation of an increase in red cell GSH content and the protection of membrane -SH group oxidation by (-)epicatechin in hypertensive subjects is a convincing reason to suggest that high dietary intake of foods rich in catechins may help to reduce oxidative stress and concomitant free radical damage in hypertensive patients.展开更多
The world receives more than 200 thousand people in a day and it is expected that the total world population will reach 9.6 billion by the year 2050.This will result in extra food demand,which can only be met from enh...The world receives more than 200 thousand people in a day and it is expected that the total world population will reach 9.6 billion by the year 2050.This will result in extra food demand,which can only be met from enhanced crop yield.Therefore,modernization of the agricultural sector becomes the need of the hour.There are many constraints that are responsible for the low production of crops,which can be overcome by using drone technology in the agriculture sector.This paper presents an analysis of drone technologies and their modifications with time in the agriculture sector in the last decade.The application of drones in the area of crop monitoring,and pesticide spraying for Precision Agriculture(PA)has been covered.The work done related to drone structure,multiple sensor development,innovation in spot area spraying has been presented.Moreover,the use of Artificial Intelligent(AI)and deep learning for the remote monitoring of crops has been discussed.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND^(68)Ga(gallium)-PSMA PET-CT(prostate-specific membrane antigen-directed Positron emission tomography-computed tomography)has established its role in prostate cancer management as targeted molecular imaging.However,limited studies are available on the diagnostic accuracy of^(99m)Tc(Technetium)-PSMASPECT/CT.Due to its cost effectiveness and better feasibility,it needs to be explored more extensively for its incorporation into routine clinical practice.AIM To analyse the diagnostic accuracy of^(99m)Tc-PSMA-SPECT/CT for detection of primary prostate carcinoma.METHODS As a prospective study in a tertiary hospital,^(99m)Tc-PSMA-SPECT/CT was performed in 29 outpatients with suspected prostate cancer,with a median age of 66(range:50-82)years.The findings were compared to histopathology as the gold standard.RESULTS Nineteen of twenty-nine patients were positive on^(99m)Tc-PSMA-SPECT/CT,of which 16(84.2%)had prostate cancer on histopathology,while the remaining ten were negative on imaging,of which three had prostate cancer,leading to an overall sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 84.2%,70%,and 79.3%,respectively,on visual analysis.Prostate:background and prostate:liver ratios were 37.18±48.85 and 5.35±7.35 in the malignant group,while 6.65±5.17 and 1.14±0.56 in the benign group,respectively.The area under the curve values for prostate:background and prostate:liver ratios were 0.833(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.677-0.990,P=0.005)and 0.767(95%CI:0.596-0.937,P=0.024),respectively,on receiver operator curve analysis.A cut-off value>10.45 for prostate:background ratio(sensitivity 85%and specificity 88.9%),and>1.15 for prostate:liver ratio(sensitivity 75%and specificity of 77.8%respectively)was found to be pertinent to differentiate between the malignant vs benign groups.CONCLUSION^(99m)Tc-PSMA-SPECT/CT shows a promising role in the diagnosis of primary prostate cancer.
文摘In India, festivals are celebrated with lot of enthusiasm and Diwali is the major festival of light. In this festival, houses are illuminated by lights and sky is illuminated by fireworks. These fireworks though create lot of amusement but also pollute the atmosphere in terms of air pollution. The continuous air pollution monitoring was undertaken during Diwali festival (2014) at residential site NEERI, Nagpur. Air quality parameters were compared with CPCB standard. On Diwali day, PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration achieve its highest value of 900 μg/m<sup>3</sup> and 950 respectively μg/m<sup>3</sup>. This high concentration is maintained in atmosphere for two days of this festival in atmosphere which is approximately 8 - 9 times more than that regulatory standard. These particles carry all the components of the cracker including heavy metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth and change the atmosphere with positive and negative ions apart from impaction of sulfur and other acid gases to the atmosphere.
文摘Hypertension is a major problem worldwide. There is much evidence to suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) radical may play a role in the development of organ damage associated with cardiovascular disease and hypertension. (-)Epicatechin, a member of tea catechins belonging to flavonoid group, is known to be a potent anti-oxidant. The study has been undertaken to evaluate the effect of (-)epicatechin on markers of oxidative stress: reduced glutathione (GSH) and membrane sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in erythrocytes from hypertensive patients. The effect of (-)epicatechin was also compared with a known anti-oxidant L-ascorbic acid. The erythrocyte intracellular GSH content and membrane -SH group content were significantly (P<0.01) decreased in hypertensive subjects. In vitro incubation with (-)epicatechin caused an increase in GSH and -SH content, the effect was more pronounced in hypertensive erythrocytes. Similar results were obtained with L-ascorbic acid. The observed decrease in the level of GSH and -SH groups in hypertension is an indicator of oxidative stress condition. Observation of an increase in red cell GSH content and the protection of membrane -SH group oxidation by (-)epicatechin in hypertensive subjects is a convincing reason to suggest that high dietary intake of foods rich in catechins may help to reduce oxidative stress and concomitant free radical damage in hypertensive patients.
基金This work was performed under a Project entitled“Development of IoT and Drone-based Agriculture Monitoring System with Objective of Skill Development of Socially Deprived Community”funded by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology(MeitY)Delhi,Govt.of India.Grant Approval letter no.26(6)/2019-ESDA.
文摘The world receives more than 200 thousand people in a day and it is expected that the total world population will reach 9.6 billion by the year 2050.This will result in extra food demand,which can only be met from enhanced crop yield.Therefore,modernization of the agricultural sector becomes the need of the hour.There are many constraints that are responsible for the low production of crops,which can be overcome by using drone technology in the agriculture sector.This paper presents an analysis of drone technologies and their modifications with time in the agriculture sector in the last decade.The application of drones in the area of crop monitoring,and pesticide spraying for Precision Agriculture(PA)has been covered.The work done related to drone structure,multiple sensor development,innovation in spot area spraying has been presented.Moreover,the use of Artificial Intelligent(AI)and deep learning for the remote monitoring of crops has been discussed.
