Climate change will have a noteworthy bearing on survival, development, and population dynamics of insect pests. Therefore, we contemplated the survival and development of beet army worm, <em>Spodoptera exigua&l...Climate change will have a noteworthy bearing on survival, development, and population dynamics of insect pests. Therefore, we contemplated the survival and development of beet army worm, <em>Spodoptera exigua</em> under different temperatures, (15<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, 35<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, and 45<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C), CO<sub>2</sub> (350, 550, 750 ppm) and relative humidity (55%, 65%, 75% and 85%) regimes. Maximum larval and pupal weights were recorded in insects reared at 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. The growth of <em>S. exigua</em> was faster at 35<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C (larval period 7.4 days and pupal period 4.5 days) than at lower temperatures. At 15<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, the larval period was extended for 61.4 days and there was no adult emergence from the pupae till 90 days. The <em>S. exigua</em> hatchling was absent at 45<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. The larval survival ranged from 31.6% - 57.2%, maximum survival was recorded at 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, and minimum at 45<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. The maximum (84.27%) and minimum adult emergence were recorded in insects reared at 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C and 35<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C respectively. Maximum fecundity (384.3 eggs/female) and egg viability (51.97%) were recorded in insects reared at 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. Larval and pupal periods increased with an increase in CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The highest pupal weights (128.6 mg/larva) were recorded at 550 ppm. The highest larval survival (73.50%) was recorded at 550 ppm and minimum (37.00%) at 750 ppm CO<sub>2</sub>. Fecundity was the highest in insects reared at 550 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> (657.4 eggs/female), and the lowest at 750 ppm. Maximum larval and pupal weights were recorded in insects reared at 75% relative humidity (RH). The growth rate of<em> S. exigua</em> was faster at 85% RH than at lower RH. The larval survival ranged between 40.0% - 58.5%. Maximum adult emergence (88.91%) was recorded in insects reared at 75% RH and minimum at 85% RH. Maximum fecundity (447.6 eggs/female) and the highest egg viability (72.95%) were recorded in insects reared at 75% and 65% RH respectively. Elevated temperatures and relative moistness will diminish the life cycle, while hoisted CO<sub>2</sub> will drag the life expectancy. Therefore, there is a need for thorough assessment of the impact of climatic factors on the population dynamics of insect pests, crop losses, and sustainability of crop production.展开更多
AIM： To study whether CCR5△32 mutation was associated with viral infection and severity of liver disease. METHODS： Two hundred and fifty two histologically proven, chronic HCV patients （mean age： 41±14 years...AIM： To study whether CCR5△32 mutation was associated with viral infection and severity of liver disease. METHODS： Two hundred and fifty two histologically proven, chronic HCV patients （mean age： 41±14 years; M/F： 164/88） were genotyped. PCR based genotyping of 32 bp deletion at the CCR5 locus was done. Fourhundred and eight matched healthy controls were studied to assess susceptibility to HCV infection. To assess correlation of immune gene polymorphism with severity of HCV related liver disease, patients with chronic HCV infection were divided into those with a fibrosis score of ≤ 2 （mild） or 〉 2 （severe） and histological activity index （HAI） of ≤ 5 or 〉 5. For correlation between CCR5△32 mutations and response to therapy, 129 patients who completed therapy were evaluated. RESULTS： The majority （89.4%） of the patients were infected with genotype 3. The frequency of homozygous CCR5△32 mutants was comparable to HCV patients as compared to the healthy controls （0.7% vs 0%, P = 0.1）. Further more, the frequency of CCR5△32 mutation was comparable in patients with mild or severe liver disease.（P = NS）. There was also no association observed with response to therapy and CCR5△32 mutation. CONCLUSION： CCR5△32 mutation does not have a role in disease susceptibility, severity or response to therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.展开更多
文摘Climate change will have a noteworthy bearing on survival, development, and population dynamics of insect pests. Therefore, we contemplated the survival and development of beet army worm, <em>Spodoptera exigua</em> under different temperatures, (15<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, 35<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, and 45<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C), CO<sub>2</sub> (350, 550, 750 ppm) and relative humidity (55%, 65%, 75% and 85%) regimes. Maximum larval and pupal weights were recorded in insects reared at 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. The growth of <em>S. exigua</em> was faster at 35<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C (larval period 7.4 days and pupal period 4.5 days) than at lower temperatures. At 15<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, the larval period was extended for 61.4 days and there was no adult emergence from the pupae till 90 days. The <em>S. exigua</em> hatchling was absent at 45<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. The larval survival ranged from 31.6% - 57.2%, maximum survival was recorded at 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C, and minimum at 45<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. The maximum (84.27%) and minimum adult emergence were recorded in insects reared at 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C and 35<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C respectively. Maximum fecundity (384.3 eggs/female) and egg viability (51.97%) were recorded in insects reared at 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. Larval and pupal periods increased with an increase in CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The highest pupal weights (128.6 mg/larva) were recorded at 550 ppm. The highest larval survival (73.50%) was recorded at 550 ppm and minimum (37.00%) at 750 ppm CO<sub>2</sub>. Fecundity was the highest in insects reared at 550 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> (657.4 eggs/female), and the lowest at 750 ppm. Maximum larval and pupal weights were recorded in insects reared at 75% relative humidity (RH). The growth rate of<em> S. exigua</em> was faster at 85% RH than at lower RH. The larval survival ranged between 40.0% - 58.5%. Maximum adult emergence (88.91%) was recorded in insects reared at 75% RH and minimum at 85% RH. Maximum fecundity (447.6 eggs/female) and the highest egg viability (72.95%) were recorded in insects reared at 75% and 65% RH respectively. Elevated temperatures and relative moistness will diminish the life cycle, while hoisted CO<sub>2</sub> will drag the life expectancy. Therefore, there is a need for thorough assessment of the impact of climatic factors on the population dynamics of insect pests, crop losses, and sustainability of crop production.
基金National Task Force Project from the Indian Council of Medical Research supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi to Ankur Goyal, a Senior Research Fellow
文摘AIM： To study whether CCR5△32 mutation was associated with viral infection and severity of liver disease. METHODS： Two hundred and fifty two histologically proven, chronic HCV patients （mean age： 41±14 years; M/F： 164/88） were genotyped. PCR based genotyping of 32 bp deletion at the CCR5 locus was done. Fourhundred and eight matched healthy controls were studied to assess susceptibility to HCV infection. To assess correlation of immune gene polymorphism with severity of HCV related liver disease, patients with chronic HCV infection were divided into those with a fibrosis score of ≤ 2 （mild） or 〉 2 （severe） and histological activity index （HAI） of ≤ 5 or 〉 5. For correlation between CCR5△32 mutations and response to therapy, 129 patients who completed therapy were evaluated. RESULTS： The majority （89.4%） of the patients were infected with genotype 3. The frequency of homozygous CCR5△32 mutants was comparable to HCV patients as compared to the healthy controls （0.7% vs 0%, P = 0.1）. Further more, the frequency of CCR5△32 mutation was comparable in patients with mild or severe liver disease.（P = NS）. There was also no association observed with response to therapy and CCR5△32 mutation. CONCLUSION： CCR5△32 mutation does not have a role in disease susceptibility, severity or response to therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.
