Allelic diversity for five genetic loci (DL, FON4, OsMADS24, OsMADS45 and Spw1) associated with floral organ development were investigated among a small heterogeneous rice population which included one wild species (O...Allelic diversity for five genetic loci (DL, FON4, OsMADS24, OsMADS45 and Spw1) associated with floral organ development were investigated among a small heterogeneous rice population which included one wild species (O. rufipogon Griffiths), one indigenous less popular natural floral organ mutant (O. sativa var. indica cv. Jugal), one indigenous normal line (O. sativa var. indica cv. Bhutmoori) and one improved high yielding line (O. sativa var. indica cv. IR 36). Detailed spikelet morphology showed that var. Jugal had variable number (1 - 3) of carpels within a single spikelet which was unique and resulted in variable (1 - 3) number of kernels within a single matured spikelet (grain). The genomic DNA of each investigated line was amplified with primer sequences designed from the selected genetic loci and the derived polymorphism profiles were used for study of allelic diversity for the studied loci. The derived genetic distances among the rice lines were used for dendrogram construction. In constructed dendrogram, the mutant genotype (Jugal) showed highest similarity with the wild rice (O. rufipogon) instead of the rice lines. To verify this finding, the genomic DNA of each studied line was also amplified with four SSR loci, tightly linked to saltol QTL, mapped to rice chromosome 1. The amplified products were screened for polymorphism and another dendrogram was constructed to reveal the genetic distance among the lines for selected salt tolerance linked SSR loci. In SSR derived dendrogram, the wild rice (O. rufipogon) got totally separated from the all three rice genotypes though all the studied four lines showed equal sensitivity for salt sensitivity in a physiological screening experiment. From the combined experiment, it can be concluded that genetic architecture of floral organ development loci in var. Jugal may have some uniqueness which is not present in normal rice but common to O. rufipogon, a species which is regarded as immediate progenitor of present day modern rice (O. sativa). Though this uniqueness was not confirmed by second set genetic loci associated with salt tolerance in rice, the information resulted from this experiment was preliminary and based only on allelic size (molecular weight of amplicon), which should be confirmed through sequence analysis for further analysis.展开更多
In the present study a group of four indigenous and less popular rice genotypes (Meghi, Panibhasha, Jabra and Sholey) reported by growers as submergence tolerant lines from flood prone areas of south Bengal were explo...In the present study a group of four indigenous and less popular rice genotypes (Meghi, Panibhasha, Jabra and Sholey) reported by growers as submergence tolerant lines from flood prone areas of south Bengal were explored through study of nodal anatomy, physio-biochemical screening under submergence and genotyping with submergence tolerance linked rice microsatellite loci (RM loci). To identify the different allelic forms of different Sub1 compnents (Sub1A, Sub1B and Sub1C) among the studied lines, the genomic DNA of individual genotypes was amplified with three ethylene response factor like genes from Sub1 loci, located on rice chromosome 9. From the different physio-biochemical experiments performed in this investigation, it has been shown that Meghi and Jabra are the two probable potent genotypes which share common properties of both submergence tolerant and deep water nature whereas rest two genotypes (Sholey and Panibhasha) behave like typical deep water rice. The submergence tolerance property of Meghi was also confirmed from submergence tolerance linked SSR based genotyping by sharing with FR13A for some common alleles as reflected in fingerprint derived dendrogram. The rest of the genotypes shared a number of alleles and were included in a separate cluster. The common behaviour of Meghi and FR13A under submergence was also confirmed from genetic study of Sub1 loci through sharing of some common alleles for three Sub1 components (Sub1A, Sub1B and Sub1C loci). One SSR loci (RM 285) was identified as a potent molecular marker for submergence tolerance breeding programme involving these two selected rice lines (Meghi and Jabra) as donor plant through marker assisted selection.展开更多
Three rice varieties, significantly differed in their ability, when subjected to submergence have been studied in relation to physiological attributes. On account of oxidative stress, MDA content and carbonyl content ...Three rice varieties, significantly differed in their ability, when subjected to submergence have been studied in relation to physiological attributes. On account of oxidative stress, MDA content and carbonyl content were measured. The MDA content was maximally decreased in FR13A and minimally decreased in Swarna irrespective of shoots and roots. A higher increase in carbonyl content was found in Swarna followed by FR13A and Swarna Sub1A in both shoots and roots. The activity of antioxidant moieties like total phenolics content and flavonoid content were more increased under submergence than that in air except for Swarna. FR13A showed maximum increase in Phenolics and flavonoid content in both shoots and roots when subjected to submergence. A sharp increase in guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione reductase characterized the plants’ response to sub-mergence irrespective of varieties. The expression of Guaiacol peroxidase was increased in FR13A followed by Swarna Sub1A and Swarna. Glutathione reductase was measured in terms of oxidation of NADP(H) and both FR13A and Swarna Sub1A recorded maximum oxidation than Swarna under submergence. With regards to isozymic variation plants were differed to the intensities of poly-peptide, however not in numbers and may be suggestive for concomitant gene expression to sub-mergence. The analysis clarification for possible biomarkers with regards to cellular responses of rice plants under submergence has been anticipated.展开更多
Global climate changes accelerate a wide range of abiotic stresses leading to a series of physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that adversely affect the growth and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). I...Global climate changes accelerate a wide range of abiotic stresses leading to a series of physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that adversely affect the growth and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this background, there is limited knowledge and profiling reports of lowland, less popular rice landraces in relation to their osmotic stress tolerance. Laboratory mediated physiological and biochemical screening for a selected set of 20 lowland rice landraces was done in induced drought and salinity stress conditions. Varietal genetic diversity and inter-relatedness were assessed by using osmotic stress tolerance linked forty-five rice microsatellite markers. For representing the allelic diversity of the studied microsatellite loci across the selected genotypes, a microsatellite panel was constructed and PIC values of all used microsatellite markers were calculated. The obtained database can be used for varietal identification, characterization and genetic information in relation to osmotic stress tolerance.展开更多
The present investigation embodies with some distinct physiological responses of rice seedlings bearing sub1A allele when cultured under soil moisture deficit condition. In order to estimate the extent of variation of...The present investigation embodies with some distinct physiological responses of rice seedlings bearing sub1A allele when cultured under soil moisture deficit condition. In order to estimate the extent of variation of sub1A allele in cv. Swarna Sub1, few specific responses were recorded. Ongoing days (2, 4 and 8) of water stress, rice seedlings were mostly concerned with regulation of root growth through 1.24%, 4.10% and 8.96% as compared to control. When relative growth rate (RGR) of the biomass was considered, it recorded a significant down regulation maximum by 27.27% over non-stressed plants. The light absorbing capacity of foliages in terms of leaf mass ratio (15.62%) and specific leaf weight (8.45%) was also curtailed under stress contiguously with total dry matter accumulation. For light harnessing mechanism, the contributing pigments were most significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected with maximum variation for chlorophyll (31.29%), lycopene (79.31%) and carotenoids (55.31%) over control. NAR was strikingly differed by 32.72% under water stress in average. To support the water stress related depletion of moisture tension, plants recorded RWC with a ranges of 6.62% to 21.57% under stress than control. In balance of cellular dehydration rice seedlings were recorded 6.72% loss of proline, but up-regulated the release of free amino acids by 1.35 fold. In expression of generic potential for sub1A allele, the growth inhibition even under water deficit was evident from carbohydrate depletion by 10.93%, 11.42% and 24.35% through days of treatments. This was supported by depletion of apoplastic and cellular invertase activities by 90.90% and 72.91%. The possibility for sub1A in tolerance of deficit water status in rice culture has been discussed in more details.展开更多
The present study was carried out to investigate the extent of cadmium (Cd) accumulation with its possible impact on physiological and biochemical basis of heavy metal tolerance in Marsilea minuta Linn. Cd salt (0 μM...The present study was carried out to investigate the extent of cadmium (Cd) accumulation with its possible impact on physiological and biochemical basis of heavy metal tolerance in Marsilea minuta Linn. Cd salt (0 μM, 50 μM and 100 μM) was allowed to absorb by the plants for prolong days in hydroponic culture and a significant deterioration of the plant biomass was recorded. However, roots absorbed more metals than the leaves. Plants recorded a significant rise of superoxide (O-2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A noticeable amount of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation were in proportionate to Cd accumulation. Anthocyanin and flavonoid content were decreased as compared to control condition. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) contributed their antioxidative functions according to the Cd doses. The expression of GR was also evident from its activity staining in gel. So, it may suggest that antioxidative enzymes are up regulated and likely to be responsible for tolerance to Cd induced oxidative stress in Marsilea minuta Linn.展开更多
In a hydroponic based experiment, the Cd toxicity is monitored with some cellular responses of Marsilea plant. Initially, plants were grown under varying concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM of Cd) of cadmium (Cd) w...In a hydroponic based experiment, the Cd toxicity is monitored with some cellular responses of Marsilea plant. Initially, plants were grown under varying concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM of Cd) of cadmium (Cd) with supplementation of 2 mM spermidine (Spd). The oxidative stress developed by Cd overaccumulation was measured with fall in Relative Growth Rate (RGR) by 27.11% to 59.83% growth reduction over control under varying Cd treatments. The retrieval of RGR was recovered by 1.59 folds as compared to the highest concentration of Cd (200 μM) when plants were fed with Spd. A concomitant degradation of chlorophyll was recorded in dose-dependant manner, however, the retrieval was not much pronounced with Spd. On the contrary, the non-oxidant thiol had borne more clarity with ongoing Cd concentration and appeared to be 40.51% increase maximally for GSH: GSSG at the highest concentration of Cd. Spd has minimized the ratio by 27.4%. The recovery of osmotic turgidity was indexed with a sharp rise in glycine betaine by 3.86 folds maximum at the highest concentration of Cd over control which declined by 30.9% with Spd. Another cellular response of treated plants was more evident from their isozymic profiles with regard to superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX). The intensity of protein expression was significantly variable but not in band numbers as evident from Cd treated plants. In vitro enzyme assay of catalase showed as declining trend within the limit of 33.13% to 43.22% which was reported by 1.45 folds when Spd was applied. Therefore, from the present study, the cellular responses of Marsilea plant which showed compatibility for their expression with Cd toxicity could be hypothesized as a case of bioindication.展开更多
Soak-n-eat rice, a natural treasure of Eastern India, is popular rice based ethnic food item of the tribal peoples of Assam. In the present study, 22 low amylose containing glutinous Bora rice lines were explored for ...Soak-n-eat rice, a natural treasure of Eastern India, is popular rice based ethnic food item of the tribal peoples of Assam. In the present study, 22 low amylose containing glutinous Bora rice lines were explored for their unique ‘ready-to-eat’ properties, where physicochemical and molecular approach was used to investigate the science behind softness and finally the establishment of trait linked marker associated with this unique soft trait. Very low amylose content, pinholes in kernel, low final viscosity and detection of unique functional groups, made physicochemical properties of soft rice very distinct from normal rice. Polymorphic trait linked markers;a good number of SNPs in trait linked loci and down regulation of those loci during grain filling revealed the unique molecular basis of softness. RM190 is associated with amylose content and softness, confirmed as a trait linked marker by showing heterozygous band in hybrid lines with desired trait. This study may be the first holistic approach on soft rice for its unique soak-n-eat properties and developed hybrid lines may be the source of future environment friendly food.展开更多
文摘Allelic diversity for five genetic loci (DL, FON4, OsMADS24, OsMADS45 and Spw1) associated with floral organ development were investigated among a small heterogeneous rice population which included one wild species (O. rufipogon Griffiths), one indigenous less popular natural floral organ mutant (O. sativa var. indica cv. Jugal), one indigenous normal line (O. sativa var. indica cv. Bhutmoori) and one improved high yielding line (O. sativa var. indica cv. IR 36). Detailed spikelet morphology showed that var. Jugal had variable number (1 - 3) of carpels within a single spikelet which was unique and resulted in variable (1 - 3) number of kernels within a single matured spikelet (grain). The genomic DNA of each investigated line was amplified with primer sequences designed from the selected genetic loci and the derived polymorphism profiles were used for study of allelic diversity for the studied loci. The derived genetic distances among the rice lines were used for dendrogram construction. In constructed dendrogram, the mutant genotype (Jugal) showed highest similarity with the wild rice (O. rufipogon) instead of the rice lines. To verify this finding, the genomic DNA of each studied line was also amplified with four SSR loci, tightly linked to saltol QTL, mapped to rice chromosome 1. The amplified products were screened for polymorphism and another dendrogram was constructed to reveal the genetic distance among the lines for selected salt tolerance linked SSR loci. In SSR derived dendrogram, the wild rice (O. rufipogon) got totally separated from the all three rice genotypes though all the studied four lines showed equal sensitivity for salt sensitivity in a physiological screening experiment. From the combined experiment, it can be concluded that genetic architecture of floral organ development loci in var. Jugal may have some uniqueness which is not present in normal rice but common to O. rufipogon, a species which is regarded as immediate progenitor of present day modern rice (O. sativa). Though this uniqueness was not confirmed by second set genetic loci associated with salt tolerance in rice, the information resulted from this experiment was preliminary and based only on allelic size (molecular weight of amplicon), which should be confirmed through sequence analysis for further analysis.
文摘In the present study a group of four indigenous and less popular rice genotypes (Meghi, Panibhasha, Jabra and Sholey) reported by growers as submergence tolerant lines from flood prone areas of south Bengal were explored through study of nodal anatomy, physio-biochemical screening under submergence and genotyping with submergence tolerance linked rice microsatellite loci (RM loci). To identify the different allelic forms of different Sub1 compnents (Sub1A, Sub1B and Sub1C) among the studied lines, the genomic DNA of individual genotypes was amplified with three ethylene response factor like genes from Sub1 loci, located on rice chromosome 9. From the different physio-biochemical experiments performed in this investigation, it has been shown that Meghi and Jabra are the two probable potent genotypes which share common properties of both submergence tolerant and deep water nature whereas rest two genotypes (Sholey and Panibhasha) behave like typical deep water rice. The submergence tolerance property of Meghi was also confirmed from submergence tolerance linked SSR based genotyping by sharing with FR13A for some common alleles as reflected in fingerprint derived dendrogram. The rest of the genotypes shared a number of alleles and were included in a separate cluster. The common behaviour of Meghi and FR13A under submergence was also confirmed from genetic study of Sub1 loci through sharing of some common alleles for three Sub1 components (Sub1A, Sub1B and Sub1C loci). One SSR loci (RM 285) was identified as a potent molecular marker for submergence tolerance breeding programme involving these two selected rice lines (Meghi and Jabra) as donor plant through marker assisted selection.
文摘Three rice varieties, significantly differed in their ability, when subjected to submergence have been studied in relation to physiological attributes. On account of oxidative stress, MDA content and carbonyl content were measured. The MDA content was maximally decreased in FR13A and minimally decreased in Swarna irrespective of shoots and roots. A higher increase in carbonyl content was found in Swarna followed by FR13A and Swarna Sub1A in both shoots and roots. The activity of antioxidant moieties like total phenolics content and flavonoid content were more increased under submergence than that in air except for Swarna. FR13A showed maximum increase in Phenolics and flavonoid content in both shoots and roots when subjected to submergence. A sharp increase in guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione reductase characterized the plants’ response to sub-mergence irrespective of varieties. The expression of Guaiacol peroxidase was increased in FR13A followed by Swarna Sub1A and Swarna. Glutathione reductase was measured in terms of oxidation of NADP(H) and both FR13A and Swarna Sub1A recorded maximum oxidation than Swarna under submergence. With regards to isozymic variation plants were differed to the intensities of poly-peptide, however not in numbers and may be suggestive for concomitant gene expression to sub-mergence. The analysis clarification for possible biomarkers with regards to cellular responses of rice plants under submergence has been anticipated.
文摘Global climate changes accelerate a wide range of abiotic stresses leading to a series of physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that adversely affect the growth and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this background, there is limited knowledge and profiling reports of lowland, less popular rice landraces in relation to their osmotic stress tolerance. Laboratory mediated physiological and biochemical screening for a selected set of 20 lowland rice landraces was done in induced drought and salinity stress conditions. Varietal genetic diversity and inter-relatedness were assessed by using osmotic stress tolerance linked forty-five rice microsatellite markers. For representing the allelic diversity of the studied microsatellite loci across the selected genotypes, a microsatellite panel was constructed and PIC values of all used microsatellite markers were calculated. The obtained database can be used for varietal identification, characterization and genetic information in relation to osmotic stress tolerance.
文摘The present investigation embodies with some distinct physiological responses of rice seedlings bearing sub1A allele when cultured under soil moisture deficit condition. In order to estimate the extent of variation of sub1A allele in cv. Swarna Sub1, few specific responses were recorded. Ongoing days (2, 4 and 8) of water stress, rice seedlings were mostly concerned with regulation of root growth through 1.24%, 4.10% and 8.96% as compared to control. When relative growth rate (RGR) of the biomass was considered, it recorded a significant down regulation maximum by 27.27% over non-stressed plants. The light absorbing capacity of foliages in terms of leaf mass ratio (15.62%) and specific leaf weight (8.45%) was also curtailed under stress contiguously with total dry matter accumulation. For light harnessing mechanism, the contributing pigments were most significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected with maximum variation for chlorophyll (31.29%), lycopene (79.31%) and carotenoids (55.31%) over control. NAR was strikingly differed by 32.72% under water stress in average. To support the water stress related depletion of moisture tension, plants recorded RWC with a ranges of 6.62% to 21.57% under stress than control. In balance of cellular dehydration rice seedlings were recorded 6.72% loss of proline, but up-regulated the release of free amino acids by 1.35 fold. In expression of generic potential for sub1A allele, the growth inhibition even under water deficit was evident from carbohydrate depletion by 10.93%, 11.42% and 24.35% through days of treatments. This was supported by depletion of apoplastic and cellular invertase activities by 90.90% and 72.91%. The possibility for sub1A in tolerance of deficit water status in rice culture has been discussed in more details.
文摘The present study was carried out to investigate the extent of cadmium (Cd) accumulation with its possible impact on physiological and biochemical basis of heavy metal tolerance in Marsilea minuta Linn. Cd salt (0 μM, 50 μM and 100 μM) was allowed to absorb by the plants for prolong days in hydroponic culture and a significant deterioration of the plant biomass was recorded. However, roots absorbed more metals than the leaves. Plants recorded a significant rise of superoxide (O-2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A noticeable amount of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation were in proportionate to Cd accumulation. Anthocyanin and flavonoid content were decreased as compared to control condition. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) contributed their antioxidative functions according to the Cd doses. The expression of GR was also evident from its activity staining in gel. So, it may suggest that antioxidative enzymes are up regulated and likely to be responsible for tolerance to Cd induced oxidative stress in Marsilea minuta Linn.
文摘In a hydroponic based experiment, the Cd toxicity is monitored with some cellular responses of Marsilea plant. Initially, plants were grown under varying concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM of Cd) of cadmium (Cd) with supplementation of 2 mM spermidine (Spd). The oxidative stress developed by Cd overaccumulation was measured with fall in Relative Growth Rate (RGR) by 27.11% to 59.83% growth reduction over control under varying Cd treatments. The retrieval of RGR was recovered by 1.59 folds as compared to the highest concentration of Cd (200 μM) when plants were fed with Spd. A concomitant degradation of chlorophyll was recorded in dose-dependant manner, however, the retrieval was not much pronounced with Spd. On the contrary, the non-oxidant thiol had borne more clarity with ongoing Cd concentration and appeared to be 40.51% increase maximally for GSH: GSSG at the highest concentration of Cd. Spd has minimized the ratio by 27.4%. The recovery of osmotic turgidity was indexed with a sharp rise in glycine betaine by 3.86 folds maximum at the highest concentration of Cd over control which declined by 30.9% with Spd. Another cellular response of treated plants was more evident from their isozymic profiles with regard to superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX). The intensity of protein expression was significantly variable but not in band numbers as evident from Cd treated plants. In vitro enzyme assay of catalase showed as declining trend within the limit of 33.13% to 43.22% which was reported by 1.45 folds when Spd was applied. Therefore, from the present study, the cellular responses of Marsilea plant which showed compatibility for their expression with Cd toxicity could be hypothesized as a case of bioindication.
基金Financial assistance was provided by Life Science Research Board(DRDO,Govt.of India)in the form of a research project(Ref.No.LSRB-303/FSH-ABB/2017).
文摘Soak-n-eat rice, a natural treasure of Eastern India, is popular rice based ethnic food item of the tribal peoples of Assam. In the present study, 22 low amylose containing glutinous Bora rice lines were explored for their unique ‘ready-to-eat’ properties, where physicochemical and molecular approach was used to investigate the science behind softness and finally the establishment of trait linked marker associated with this unique soft trait. Very low amylose content, pinholes in kernel, low final viscosity and detection of unique functional groups, made physicochemical properties of soft rice very distinct from normal rice. Polymorphic trait linked markers;a good number of SNPs in trait linked loci and down regulation of those loci during grain filling revealed the unique molecular basis of softness. RM190 is associated with amylose content and softness, confirmed as a trait linked marker by showing heterozygous band in hybrid lines with desired trait. This study may be the first holistic approach on soft rice for its unique soak-n-eat properties and developed hybrid lines may be the source of future environment friendly food.
