Objective:Conservative approaches in muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)have been evolved to avoid aggressive surgery,but are limited to elderly,frail,and patients medically unfit for surgery.Our study aimed to asses...Objective:Conservative approaches in muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)have been evolved to avoid aggressive surgery,but are limited to elderly,frail,and patients medically unfit for surgery.Our study aimed to assess the response rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)before radiotherapy(RT)in MIBC patients.Methods:Forty patients with urothelial carcinoma of stage T2-T4a,N0,M0 were enrolled between November 2013 and November 2015,and treated with three cycles of NACT with gemcitabine-cisplatin.Post-NACT response was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST)criteria.Patients who achieved complete response(CR)and partial response(PR)>50%were treated with radical RT,and those who had PR<50%,stable disease(SD),and progressive disease(PD)underwent radical cystectomy(RC).Survival analysis was done with Kaplan-Meier method and point-to-time events were analyzed with Cox-proportional hazards regression model.Results:After NACT,35(87.5%)patients achieved either PR>50%or CR,and were treated with RT.Five(12.5%)patients who had PR<50%,SD,or PD underwent RC.All patients who received radiation showed CR after 6 weeks.Median follow-up was 43 months(range:10-66 months)and median overall survival(OS)was not reached.Three-year OS,local control,and disease-free survival were 70.1%,60.9%,50.6%,respectively,and 50%of patients preserved their functioning bladder.Three-year OS rate was 88.9%in patients who achieved CR to NACT,73.1%in patients with PR≥50%and 40%in patients with PR<50%.Conclusion:NACT followed by RT provides a high probability of local response with bladder preservation in CR patients.Appropriate use of this treatment regimen in carefully selected patients may omit the need for morbid surgery.展开更多
Small bowel adenocarcinoma(SBA)is a rare malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract.However,these tumors are among those with worst prognosis.Vague clinical signs and symptoms and radiological diagnostic challenges ofte...Small bowel adenocarcinoma(SBA)is a rare malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract.However,these tumors are among those with worst prognosis.Vague clinical signs and symptoms and radiological diagnostic challenges often delay treatment,which negatively impacts the prognosis of the patients.However,recent advances in imaging technology,like multidetector computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and capsule endoscopy,have made earlier and accurate diagnosis possible.Surgery is the treatment of choice followed by adjuvant therapy.However,there are no strict treatment guidelines available for the management of SBA.Most of the available evidence from colorectal and gastric carcinoma has been extrapolated to adequately manage SBA.Prognosis for SBA is better than gastric carcinoma but worse than colorectal carcinoma.Currently,there is not enough information on the molecular characteristics and tumor pathogenesis.Because the incidence of SBA is very low,there is a need for further studies to evaluate the possible application of newer investigative agents and strategies to obtain a better outcome within the framework of international collaborations.展开更多
Surgery is the only curative treatment for cholangiocarcinoma. However, mostpatients present with advanced disease, and hence are unresectable. Thus, theintent of treatment shifts from curative to palliative in the ma...Surgery is the only curative treatment for cholangiocarcinoma. However, mostpatients present with advanced disease, and hence are unresectable. Thus, theintent of treatment shifts from curative to palliative in the majority of cases.Biliary drainage with intraluminal brachytherapy is an effective means ofrelieving the malignant biliary obstruction. In this review, we discuss the role ofbrachytherapy in the palliation of obstructive symptoms in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.展开更多
Industrial Control Systems(ICS)and SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)systems play a critical role in the management and regulation of critical infrastructure.SCADA systems brings us closer to the real-tim...Industrial Control Systems(ICS)and SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)systems play a critical role in the management and regulation of critical infrastructure.SCADA systems brings us closer to the real-time application world.All process and equipment control capability is typically provided by a Distributed Control System(DCS)in industries such as power stations,agricultural systems,chemical and water treatment plants.Instead of control through DCS,this paper proposes a SCADA and PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)system to control the ratio control division and the assembly line division inside the chemical plant.A specific design and implementation method for development of SCADA/PLC based real time ratio control and automated assembly line system in a chemical plant is introduced.The assembly line division is further divided into sorting stage,filling stage and the auxiliary stage,which includes the capping unit,labelling unit and then the storage.In the ratio control division,we have defined the levels inside the mixer and ratio of the raw materials through human machine interface(HMI)panel.The ratio of raw materials is kept constant on the basis of flow rates of wild stream and manipulated stream.There is a flexibility in defining new levels and the ratios of the raw materials inside the mixer.But here we taken the predefined levels(low,medium,high)and ratios(3:4,2:1,2:5).Control valves are used for regulating the flow of the compositions.In the assembly line division,the containers are sorted on the basis of size and type of material used i.e.,big sized metallic containers and small sized non-metallic containers by inductive and capacitive proximity sensors.All the processes are facilitated with laser beam type or reflective type sensors on the conveyor system.Building a highly stable and dependable PLC/SCADA system instead of Distributed Control System is required to achieve automatic management and control of chemical industry processes to reduce waste manpower and physical resources,as well as to improve worker safety.展开更多
The incidence of obesity and diabetes has been increased with alarming rate in recent years and became a common problem around the globe including developing as well as in developed countries with incalculable social ...The incidence of obesity and diabetes has been increased with alarming rate in recent years and became a common problem around the globe including developing as well as in developed countries with incalculable social costs. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are two common co-morbidities occur together. Obesity and diabetes is closely associated with many diseases, osteoarthritis, hypertension, certain form of cancer, sleep-breathing disorders and coronary heart disease. Impacts of obesity and diabetes (insulin resistance) on arthritis have been seen in patients that we associated with combination of various factors like increased availability of high-energy foods, genetic susceptibility and decreased physical activity in modern society. Arthritis is becoming pandemic around the globe and its occurrence with obesity and diabetes has been observed more common than ever. Combination of these two chronic conditions makes these diseases more vulnerable for human health. Till now very limited information is established about the pathological and mechanistic correlation among these health ailments. In this review article we aimed to survey the literature covering the influence of obesity and diabetes on arthritis pathology and tried to establish correlation with these diseases.展开更多
Nanoparticles stabilized foam fracturing fluid is an emerging technology in the field of hydraulic fracturing for the unconventional reservoirs.Hydraulic fracturing,commonly known as fracking,is a process used to extr...Nanoparticles stabilized foam fracturing fluid is an emerging technology in the field of hydraulic fracturing for the unconventional reservoirs.Hydraulic fracturing,commonly known as fracking,is a process used to extract oil and gas from the unconventional reservoirs,such as shale formations.This study has reviewed contiguous improvement in the properties of foam fracturing fluid by the effective formulation of surfactant,polymer,and nanoparticles.Compared to conventional fracturing fluids(slick water and polymer),nanoparticles stabilized foam fracturing fluids exhibit superior proppant-carrying capabilities,ensuring better penetration into micro-fractures and enhanced contact with the reservoir matrix,reduce water usage,and minimize formation damage.Foam structures at different scales,i.e.,the interface between air-water and liquid film has been discussed in depth to elaborate on the mechanisms that maintain the stability of foam film.The effects of nanoparticles for improving the foam stability and liquid drainage are deliberated to throw light on the strength and limitations of the current review work for better knowledge of foam structure.This review work is on the advancement of nanoparticles foam fluid focuses on significant analyses,problems,future scope,and applications.The various knowledge gaps and conflicting observations have been identified that give the range of our studies.The technical challenges of using foam-based fracturing fluids were also explored.Maintaining foam stability at the high pressures and temperatures experienced in unconventional reservoirs is a critical challenge.The potential for foam collapse or degradation could undermine its effectiveness in delivering proppants and stimulating fractures.展开更多
Water-based drilling muds(WBM)are a very crucial component of the oil and gas industry;however,they often face challenges with inadequate rheological performance and excessive fluid loss.This paper introduces hydroxyp...Water-based drilling muds(WBM)are a very crucial component of the oil and gas industry;however,they often face challenges with inadequate rheological performance and excessive fluid loss.This paper introduces hydroxypropyl guar polymer(HPG)and fly ash(FA)as new additives to regulate the rheological properties and filtration loss of WBM.The primary objectives of this study are to reduce filtration loss,enhance rheological characteristics,reduce clay swelling,improve cutting dispersion,and control barite sag.The experimental procedure involves formulating optimized mud samples by incorporating HPG and FA up to 120℃.The synergistic effect of HPG and FA enhances rheological properties and achieves a 56.52%reduction in filtration loss compared to WBM without additives.Additionally,HPG/FA incorporation resulted in controlling the clay swelling.The swelling dropped from 91.5%to 36.7%compared to the base mud.Shale cuttings recovery in the base fluid was 52.4%after hot rolling at 90℃,60℃,and 40℃ for 16 h and treatment with 0.18%HPG inhibitors improved recovery to 82.1%,54.1%,and 57.2%,respectively.The sag factor remained controlled compared to the base mud,staying within the acceptable range of 0.503-0.521 at both vertical and 45° inclined angles.The WBM with the addition of HPG and FA is more efficient and has enhanced the well integrity and reduced operational costs in the oil and gas industry.展开更多
Emerging sub-synchronous interactions(SSI)in wind-integrated power systems have added intense attention after numerous incidents in the US and China due to the involvement of series compensated transmission lines and ...Emerging sub-synchronous interactions(SSI)in wind-integrated power systems have added intense attention after numerous incidents in the US and China due to the involvement of series compensated transmission lines and power electronics devices.SSI phenomenon occurs when two power system elements exchange energy below the synchro-nous frequency.SSI phenomenon related to wind power plants is one of the most significant challenges to main-taining stability,while SSI phenomenon in practical wind farms,which has been observed recently,has not yet been described on the source of conventional SSI literature.This paper first explains the traditional development of SSI and its classification as given by the IEEE,and then it proposes a classification of SSI according to the current research status,reviews several mitigation techniques and challenges,and discusses analysis techniques for SSI.The paper also describes the effect of the active damping controllers,control scheme parameters,degree of series compensation,and various techniques used in wind power plants(WPPs).In particular,a supplementary damping controller with converter controllers in Doubly Fed Induction Generator based WPPs is briefly pronounced.This paper provides a real-istic viewpoint and a potential outlook for the readers to properly deal with SSI and its mitigation techniques,which can help power engineers for the planning,economical operation,and future expansion of sustainable development.展开更多
This paper presents the issue of the Sub-synchronous resonance(SSR)phenomenon in a series compensated DFIG-based wind power plant and its alleviation using a Battery Energy Storage-based Damping Controller(BESSDCL).A ...This paper presents the issue of the Sub-synchronous resonance(SSR)phenomenon in a series compensated DFIG-based wind power plant and its alleviation using a Battery Energy Storage-based Damping Controller(BESSDCL).A supplementary damping signal is developed considering the angular speed deviation and is incorporated into the BESS control system.Wide-area Measurement System data is used to determine the angular speed deviation.A lin-earized system model is developed to perform eigenvalue analysis,and to detect and examine unstable SSR modes.The variation of wind speed and three-phase fault are also taken into consideration to validate the robustness of the controller.To further verify the efficacy of the proposed damping controller,time-domain simulations are performed using MATLAB/Simulink.The application of the proposed BESSDCL stabilizes all the unstable system modes effectively at wind speeds of 7 m/s,9 m/s,and 11 m/s,and at 40%,50%,and 60%series compensation levels,as well three-phase fault conditions.展开更多
Effective management of daily road traffic is a huge challenge for traffic personnel.Urban traffic management has come a long way from manual control to artificial intelligence techniques.Still real-time adaptive traf...Effective management of daily road traffic is a huge challenge for traffic personnel.Urban traffic management has come a long way from manual control to artificial intelligence techniques.Still real-time adaptive traffic control is an unfulfilled dream due to lack of low cost and easy to install traffic sensor with real-time communication capability.With increasing number of on-board Bluetooth devices in new generation automobiles,these devices can act as sensors to convey the traffic information indirectly.This paper presents the efficacy of road-side Bluetooth scanners for traffic data collection and big-data analytics to process the collected data to extract traffic parameters.Extracted information and analysis are presented through visualizations and tables.All data analytics and visualizations are carried out off-line in R Studio environment.Reliability aspects of the collected and processed data are also investigated.Higher speed of traffic in one direction owing to the geometry of the road is also established through data analysis.Increased penetration of smart phones and fitness bands in day to day use is also established through the device type of the data collected.The results of this work can be used for regular data collection compared to the traditional road surveys carried out annually or bi-annually.It is also found that compared to previous studies published in the literature,the device penetration rate and sample size found in this study are quite high and very encouraging.This is a novel work in literature,which would be quite useful for effective road traffic management in future.展开更多
In this paper,we discuss the DNA construction of general length over the finite ring =Z4+vZ4,with v2=v,which plays a very significant role in DNA computing.We discuss the GC weight of DNA codes over R.Several examples...In this paper,we discuss the DNA construction of general length over the finite ring =Z4+vZ4,with v2=v,which plays a very significant role in DNA computing.We discuss the GC weight of DNA codes over R.Several examples of reversible cyclic codes over R are provided,whose Z4-images are Z4-1inear codes with good parameters.展开更多
Background Cerebral cavernous malformations(CCMs)frequently manifest with haemorrhages.Stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS)has been employed for CCM not suitable for resection.Its effect on reducing haemorrhage risk is stil...Background Cerebral cavernous malformations(CCMs)frequently manifest with haemorrhages.Stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS)has been employed for CCM not suitable for resection.Its effect on reducing haemorrhage risk is still controversial.The aim of this study was to expand on the safety and efficacy of SRS for haemorrhagic CCM.Methods This retrospective multicentric study included CCM with at least one haemorrhage treated with single-session SRS.The annual haemorrhagic rate(AHR)was calculated before and after SRS.Recurrent event analysis and Cox regression were used to evaluate factors associated with haemorrhage.Adverse radiation effects(AREs)and occurrence of new neurological deficits were recorded.Results The study included 381 patients (median age:37.5 years(Q1–Q3:25.8–51.9))with 414 CCMs.The AHR from diagnosis to SRS excluding the first haemorrhage was 11.08 per 100 CCM-years and was reduced to 2.7 per 100 CCM-years after treatment.In recurrent event analysis,SRS,HR 0.27(95%CI 0.17 to 0.44),p<0.0001 was associated with a decreased risk of haemorrhage,and the presence of developmental venous anomaly(DVA)with an increased risk,HR 1.60(95%CI 1.07 to 2.40),p=0.022.The cumulative risk of first haemorrhage after SRS was 9.4%(95%CI 6%to 12.6%)at 5 years and 15.6%(95%CI%9 to 21.8%)at 10 years.Margin doses>13 Gy,HR 2.27(95%CI 1.20 to 4.32),p=0.012 and the presence of DVA,HR 2.08(95%CI 1.00 to 4.31),p=0.049 were factors associated with higher probability of post-SRS haemorrhage.Post-SRS haemorrhage was symptomatic in 22 out of 381(5.8%)patients,presenting with transient(15/381)or permanent(7/381)neurological deficit.ARE occurred in 11.1%(46/414)CCM and was responsible for transient neurological deficit in 3.9%(15/381)of the patients and permanent deficit in 1.1%(4/381)of the patients.Margin doses>13 Gy and CCM volume>0.7 cc were associated with increased risk of ARE.展开更多
文摘Objective:Conservative approaches in muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)have been evolved to avoid aggressive surgery,but are limited to elderly,frail,and patients medically unfit for surgery.Our study aimed to assess the response rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)before radiotherapy(RT)in MIBC patients.Methods:Forty patients with urothelial carcinoma of stage T2-T4a,N0,M0 were enrolled between November 2013 and November 2015,and treated with three cycles of NACT with gemcitabine-cisplatin.Post-NACT response was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST)criteria.Patients who achieved complete response(CR)and partial response(PR)>50%were treated with radical RT,and those who had PR<50%,stable disease(SD),and progressive disease(PD)underwent radical cystectomy(RC).Survival analysis was done with Kaplan-Meier method and point-to-time events were analyzed with Cox-proportional hazards regression model.Results:After NACT,35(87.5%)patients achieved either PR>50%or CR,and were treated with RT.Five(12.5%)patients who had PR<50%,SD,or PD underwent RC.All patients who received radiation showed CR after 6 weeks.Median follow-up was 43 months(range:10-66 months)and median overall survival(OS)was not reached.Three-year OS,local control,and disease-free survival were 70.1%,60.9%,50.6%,respectively,and 50%of patients preserved their functioning bladder.Three-year OS rate was 88.9%in patients who achieved CR to NACT,73.1%in patients with PR≥50%and 40%in patients with PR<50%.Conclusion:NACT followed by RT provides a high probability of local response with bladder preservation in CR patients.Appropriate use of this treatment regimen in carefully selected patients may omit the need for morbid surgery.
文摘Small bowel adenocarcinoma(SBA)is a rare malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract.However,these tumors are among those with worst prognosis.Vague clinical signs and symptoms and radiological diagnostic challenges often delay treatment,which negatively impacts the prognosis of the patients.However,recent advances in imaging technology,like multidetector computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and capsule endoscopy,have made earlier and accurate diagnosis possible.Surgery is the treatment of choice followed by adjuvant therapy.However,there are no strict treatment guidelines available for the management of SBA.Most of the available evidence from colorectal and gastric carcinoma has been extrapolated to adequately manage SBA.Prognosis for SBA is better than gastric carcinoma but worse than colorectal carcinoma.Currently,there is not enough information on the molecular characteristics and tumor pathogenesis.Because the incidence of SBA is very low,there is a need for further studies to evaluate the possible application of newer investigative agents and strategies to obtain a better outcome within the framework of international collaborations.
文摘Surgery is the only curative treatment for cholangiocarcinoma. However, mostpatients present with advanced disease, and hence are unresectable. Thus, theintent of treatment shifts from curative to palliative in the majority of cases.Biliary drainage with intraluminal brachytherapy is an effective means ofrelieving the malignant biliary obstruction. In this review, we discuss the role ofbrachytherapy in the palliation of obstructive symptoms in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
文摘Industrial Control Systems(ICS)and SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)systems play a critical role in the management and regulation of critical infrastructure.SCADA systems brings us closer to the real-time application world.All process and equipment control capability is typically provided by a Distributed Control System(DCS)in industries such as power stations,agricultural systems,chemical and water treatment plants.Instead of control through DCS,this paper proposes a SCADA and PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)system to control the ratio control division and the assembly line division inside the chemical plant.A specific design and implementation method for development of SCADA/PLC based real time ratio control and automated assembly line system in a chemical plant is introduced.The assembly line division is further divided into sorting stage,filling stage and the auxiliary stage,which includes the capping unit,labelling unit and then the storage.In the ratio control division,we have defined the levels inside the mixer and ratio of the raw materials through human machine interface(HMI)panel.The ratio of raw materials is kept constant on the basis of flow rates of wild stream and manipulated stream.There is a flexibility in defining new levels and the ratios of the raw materials inside the mixer.But here we taken the predefined levels(low,medium,high)and ratios(3:4,2:1,2:5).Control valves are used for regulating the flow of the compositions.In the assembly line division,the containers are sorted on the basis of size and type of material used i.e.,big sized metallic containers and small sized non-metallic containers by inductive and capacitive proximity sensors.All the processes are facilitated with laser beam type or reflective type sensors on the conveyor system.Building a highly stable and dependable PLC/SCADA system instead of Distributed Control System is required to achieve automatic management and control of chemical industry processes to reduce waste manpower and physical resources,as well as to improve worker safety.
文摘The incidence of obesity and diabetes has been increased with alarming rate in recent years and became a common problem around the globe including developing as well as in developed countries with incalculable social costs. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are two common co-morbidities occur together. Obesity and diabetes is closely associated with many diseases, osteoarthritis, hypertension, certain form of cancer, sleep-breathing disorders and coronary heart disease. Impacts of obesity and diabetes (insulin resistance) on arthritis have been seen in patients that we associated with combination of various factors like increased availability of high-energy foods, genetic susceptibility and decreased physical activity in modern society. Arthritis is becoming pandemic around the globe and its occurrence with obesity and diabetes has been observed more common than ever. Combination of these two chronic conditions makes these diseases more vulnerable for human health. Till now very limited information is established about the pathological and mechanistic correlation among these health ailments. In this review article we aimed to survey the literature covering the influence of obesity and diabetes on arthritis pathology and tried to establish correlation with these diseases.
文摘Nanoparticles stabilized foam fracturing fluid is an emerging technology in the field of hydraulic fracturing for the unconventional reservoirs.Hydraulic fracturing,commonly known as fracking,is a process used to extract oil and gas from the unconventional reservoirs,such as shale formations.This study has reviewed contiguous improvement in the properties of foam fracturing fluid by the effective formulation of surfactant,polymer,and nanoparticles.Compared to conventional fracturing fluids(slick water and polymer),nanoparticles stabilized foam fracturing fluids exhibit superior proppant-carrying capabilities,ensuring better penetration into micro-fractures and enhanced contact with the reservoir matrix,reduce water usage,and minimize formation damage.Foam structures at different scales,i.e.,the interface between air-water and liquid film has been discussed in depth to elaborate on the mechanisms that maintain the stability of foam film.The effects of nanoparticles for improving the foam stability and liquid drainage are deliberated to throw light on the strength and limitations of the current review work for better knowledge of foam structure.This review work is on the advancement of nanoparticles foam fluid focuses on significant analyses,problems,future scope,and applications.The various knowledge gaps and conflicting observations have been identified that give the range of our studies.The technical challenges of using foam-based fracturing fluids were also explored.Maintaining foam stability at the high pressures and temperatures experienced in unconventional reservoirs is a critical challenge.The potential for foam collapse or degradation could undermine its effectiveness in delivering proppants and stimulating fractures.
文摘Water-based drilling muds(WBM)are a very crucial component of the oil and gas industry;however,they often face challenges with inadequate rheological performance and excessive fluid loss.This paper introduces hydroxypropyl guar polymer(HPG)and fly ash(FA)as new additives to regulate the rheological properties and filtration loss of WBM.The primary objectives of this study are to reduce filtration loss,enhance rheological characteristics,reduce clay swelling,improve cutting dispersion,and control barite sag.The experimental procedure involves formulating optimized mud samples by incorporating HPG and FA up to 120℃.The synergistic effect of HPG and FA enhances rheological properties and achieves a 56.52%reduction in filtration loss compared to WBM without additives.Additionally,HPG/FA incorporation resulted in controlling the clay swelling.The swelling dropped from 91.5%to 36.7%compared to the base mud.Shale cuttings recovery in the base fluid was 52.4%after hot rolling at 90℃,60℃,and 40℃ for 16 h and treatment with 0.18%HPG inhibitors improved recovery to 82.1%,54.1%,and 57.2%,respectively.The sag factor remained controlled compared to the base mud,staying within the acceptable range of 0.503-0.521 at both vertical and 45° inclined angles.The WBM with the addition of HPG and FA is more efficient and has enhanced the well integrity and reduced operational costs in the oil and gas industry.
基金supported financially by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(Spain)and the European Regional Development Fund,under Research Grant WindSound project(Ref.:PID2021-125278OB-I00).
文摘Emerging sub-synchronous interactions(SSI)in wind-integrated power systems have added intense attention after numerous incidents in the US and China due to the involvement of series compensated transmission lines and power electronics devices.SSI phenomenon occurs when two power system elements exchange energy below the synchro-nous frequency.SSI phenomenon related to wind power plants is one of the most significant challenges to main-taining stability,while SSI phenomenon in practical wind farms,which has been observed recently,has not yet been described on the source of conventional SSI literature.This paper first explains the traditional development of SSI and its classification as given by the IEEE,and then it proposes a classification of SSI according to the current research status,reviews several mitigation techniques and challenges,and discusses analysis techniques for SSI.The paper also describes the effect of the active damping controllers,control scheme parameters,degree of series compensation,and various techniques used in wind power plants(WPPs).In particular,a supplementary damping controller with converter controllers in Doubly Fed Induction Generator based WPPs is briefly pronounced.This paper provides a real-istic viewpoint and a potential outlook for the readers to properly deal with SSI and its mitigation techniques,which can help power engineers for the planning,economical operation,and future expansion of sustainable development.
文摘This paper presents the issue of the Sub-synchronous resonance(SSR)phenomenon in a series compensated DFIG-based wind power plant and its alleviation using a Battery Energy Storage-based Damping Controller(BESSDCL).A supplementary damping signal is developed considering the angular speed deviation and is incorporated into the BESS control system.Wide-area Measurement System data is used to determine the angular speed deviation.A lin-earized system model is developed to perform eigenvalue analysis,and to detect and examine unstable SSR modes.The variation of wind speed and three-phase fault are also taken into consideration to validate the robustness of the controller.To further verify the efficacy of the proposed damping controller,time-domain simulations are performed using MATLAB/Simulink.The application of the proposed BESSDCL stabilizes all the unstable system modes effectively at wind speeds of 7 m/s,9 m/s,and 11 m/s,and at 40%,50%,and 60%series compensation levels,as well three-phase fault conditions.
文摘Effective management of daily road traffic is a huge challenge for traffic personnel.Urban traffic management has come a long way from manual control to artificial intelligence techniques.Still real-time adaptive traffic control is an unfulfilled dream due to lack of low cost and easy to install traffic sensor with real-time communication capability.With increasing number of on-board Bluetooth devices in new generation automobiles,these devices can act as sensors to convey the traffic information indirectly.This paper presents the efficacy of road-side Bluetooth scanners for traffic data collection and big-data analytics to process the collected data to extract traffic parameters.Extracted information and analysis are presented through visualizations and tables.All data analytics and visualizations are carried out off-line in R Studio environment.Reliability aspects of the collected and processed data are also investigated.Higher speed of traffic in one direction owing to the geometry of the road is also established through data analysis.Increased penetration of smart phones and fitness bands in day to day use is also established through the device type of the data collected.The results of this work can be used for regular data collection compared to the traditional road surveys carried out annually or bi-annually.It is also found that compared to previous studies published in the literature,the device penetration rate and sample size found in this study are quite high and very encouraging.This is a novel work in literature,which would be quite useful for effective road traffic management in future.
文摘In this paper,we discuss the DNA construction of general length over the finite ring =Z4+vZ4,with v2=v,which plays a very significant role in DNA computing.We discuss the GC weight of DNA codes over R.Several examples of reversible cyclic codes over R are provided,whose Z4-images are Z4-1inear codes with good parameters.
文摘Background Cerebral cavernous malformations(CCMs)frequently manifest with haemorrhages.Stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS)has been employed for CCM not suitable for resection.Its effect on reducing haemorrhage risk is still controversial.The aim of this study was to expand on the safety and efficacy of SRS for haemorrhagic CCM.Methods This retrospective multicentric study included CCM with at least one haemorrhage treated with single-session SRS.The annual haemorrhagic rate(AHR)was calculated before and after SRS.Recurrent event analysis and Cox regression were used to evaluate factors associated with haemorrhage.Adverse radiation effects(AREs)and occurrence of new neurological deficits were recorded.Results The study included 381 patients (median age:37.5 years(Q1–Q3:25.8–51.9))with 414 CCMs.The AHR from diagnosis to SRS excluding the first haemorrhage was 11.08 per 100 CCM-years and was reduced to 2.7 per 100 CCM-years after treatment.In recurrent event analysis,SRS,HR 0.27(95%CI 0.17 to 0.44),p<0.0001 was associated with a decreased risk of haemorrhage,and the presence of developmental venous anomaly(DVA)with an increased risk,HR 1.60(95%CI 1.07 to 2.40),p=0.022.The cumulative risk of first haemorrhage after SRS was 9.4%(95%CI 6%to 12.6%)at 5 years and 15.6%(95%CI%9 to 21.8%)at 10 years.Margin doses>13 Gy,HR 2.27(95%CI 1.20 to 4.32),p=0.012 and the presence of DVA,HR 2.08(95%CI 1.00 to 4.31),p=0.049 were factors associated with higher probability of post-SRS haemorrhage.Post-SRS haemorrhage was symptomatic in 22 out of 381(5.8%)patients,presenting with transient(15/381)or permanent(7/381)neurological deficit.ARE occurred in 11.1%(46/414)CCM and was responsible for transient neurological deficit in 3.9%(15/381)of the patients and permanent deficit in 1.1%(4/381)of the patients.Margin doses>13 Gy and CCM volume>0.7 cc were associated with increased risk of ARE.
