Ferroelectric materials are gaining increasing attention for the development of advanced catalytic technologies due to their field-responsive polarization states.However,achieving dynamic optimization of catalytic act...Ferroelectric materials are gaining increasing attention for the development of advanced catalytic technologies due to their field-responsive polarization states.However,achieving dynamic optimization of catalytic activity using ferroelectrics remains a fundamental challenge.Inspired by the force-adaptive mechanisms of fish scales,we introduce an intracrystalline force regulation strategy to dynamically control cobalt spin states and enhance peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation in Fenton-like processes.This approach utilizes BaTi_(0.92)Co_(0.08)O_(3-δ)(BTC-8)nano-ferroelectrics,where ultrasound irradiation generates a built-in electric field that drives electrons towards cobalt sites.This electron transfer is further facilitated by electronegativity differences between cobalt and barium/titanium ions.The resulting piezo-driven electron flow promotes continuous regeneration of high-spin Co^(2+),enhancing PMS adsorption and SO_(4)^(-)-OH bond cleavage,leading to increased production of⋅SO_(4)^(-)and singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))for organic pollutant degradation.Consequently,BTC-8 achieves a reaction rate(k=1.7960 min^(-1))28.93 times higher than that of pure barium titanate,surpassing previously reported PMS activation and piezocatalytic systems.This work represents a shift from static electronic structure design to dynamic electronic engineering in the development of advanced catalytic strategies for water remediation.展开更多
Built-in electric fields(BIEF),engineered via space charge manipulation,represent an effective strategy for enhance electromagnetic loss.However,single BIEF fail to reconcile the impedance matching and strong electrom...Built-in electric fields(BIEF),engineered via space charge manipulation,represent an effective strategy for enhance electromagnetic loss.However,single BIEF fail to reconcile the impedance matching and strong electromagnetic attenuation across broad frequency spectra,resulting in limited effective absorption bandwidth(EAB).To address this,dual-BIEF are constructed utilizing an asymmetric gradient electric field structure and multi-polarization center coordination to achieve high-efficiency broad EAB.Herein,heterostructure Ni-Co bimetallic nanocomposites(Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5)@NiCoO_(2)/NCP)are constructed via Ni-Co-based nanocomposites(NiCoO_(2)and Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5))integrated with nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon(NCP).This configuration forms dual heterojunctions the NCP-NiCoO_(2)-semiconductor heterojunction and the NiCoO_(2)-Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5)Mott-Schottky heterojunction—forming the dual-BIEF system.The superposed dual-BIEF drives charge-pumping dynamics facilitating oriented transfer and transition of charges that strengthen interfacial polarization and reduced relaxation times.Theoretical calculations confirm this system simultaneously modulates conductivity,intensifies polarization relaxation,promotes charge separation,and optimizes dipole distribution.Dielectric loss from semiconductor junctions dominates the low-frequency regime,while conductive loss via Mott-Schottky junctions prevails at high frequencies.Thus,the Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5)@NiCoO_(2)/NCP achieves excellent microwave absorption with a remarkable minimum reflection loss of51.5 dB,and an EAB of 6.4 GHz at 2.8 mm thickness.This work establishes a dual-BIEF strategy for effectively engineering high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials.展开更多
As a neuroprotective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke, 3-n-butylphthalide, a celery seed ex- tract, has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China as a clinical therapeutic drug for isch...As a neuroprotective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke, 3-n-butylphthalide, a celery seed ex- tract, has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China as a clinical therapeutic drug for ischemic stroke patients. L-3-n-butylphthalide possesses significant efficacy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The activated Akt kinase pathway can prevent the death of nerve cells and exhibit neuroprotective effects in the brain after stroke. This study provides the hypothesis that I-3-n- butylphthalide has a certain therapeutic effect on vascular dementia, and its mechanism depends on the activation of the Akt kinase pathway. A vascular dementia mouse model was established by cere- bral repetitive ischemia/reperfusion, and intragastrically administered I-3-n-butylphthalide daily for 28 consecutive days after ischemia/repedusion, or 7 consecutive days before ischemia/reperfusion. The Morris water maze test showed significant impairment of spatial learning and memory at 4 weeks after operation, but intragastric administration of I-3-n-butylphthalide, especially pretreatment with I-3-n- butylphthalide, significantly reversed these changes. Thionine staining and western blot analylsis showed that preventive and therapeutic application of I-3-n-butylphthalide can reduce loss of pyrami- dal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region and alleviate nerve damage in mice with vascular demen- tia. In addition, phosphorylated Akt expression in hippocampal tissue increased significantly after I-3-n- butylphthalide treatment. Experimental findings demonstrate that I-3-n-butylphthalide has preventive and therapeutic effects on vascular dementia, and its mechanism may be mediated by upregulation of phosphorylated Akt in the hippocampus.展开更多
3-Methylindole(skatole)is regarded as one of the most offensive compounds in odor emission.Biodegradation is feasible for skatole removal but the functional species and genes responsible for skatole degradation remain...3-Methylindole(skatole)is regarded as one of the most offensive compounds in odor emission.Biodegradation is feasible for skatole removal but the functional species and genes responsible for skatole degradation remain enigmatic.In this study,an efficient aerobic skatole-degrading consortium was obtained.Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas were identified as the two major and active populations by integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses.Bioinformatic analyses indicated that the skatole downstream degradation wasmainly via the catechol pathway,and upstream degradation was likely catalyzed by the aromatic ring-hydroxylating oxygenase and flavin monooxygenase.Genome binning and gene analyses indicated that Pseudomonas,Pseudoclavibacter,and Raineyella should cooperate with Rhodococcus for the skatole degradation process.Moreover,a pure strain Rhodococcus sp.DMU1 was successfully obtained which could utilize skatole as the sole carbon source.Complete genome sequencing showed that strain DMU1 was the predominant population in the consortium.Further crude enzyme and RT-qPCR assays indicated that strain DMU1 degraded skatole through the catechol ortho-cleavage pathway.Collectively,our results suggested that synergistic degradation of skatole in the consortium should be performed by diverse bacteria with Rhodococcus as the primary degrader,and the degradation mainly proceeded via the catechol pathway.展开更多
Nitrogen,one of the most crucial nutrients present in grapes and musts,plays a key role in yeast activities during alcoholic fermentation.Such influences are imposed on yeast growth and fermentation performances inclu...Nitrogen,one of the most crucial nutrients present in grapes and musts,plays a key role in yeast activities during alcoholic fermentation.Such influences are imposed on yeast growth and fermentation performances including the formation of secondary metabolites.Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the main yeast responsible for fermentation,has been studied extensively regarding nitrogen impacts.On the other hand,a similar study for non-Saccharomyces yeasts,whose contributions to winemaking have gradually been acknowledged,remains to be fully explored,with a few studies being reported.This review starts by discussing nitrogen impacts on non-Saccharomyces yeast growth and fermentation kinetics in different case scenarios,then proceeds to summarize the nitrogen preferences of individual yeast strains with regulation mechanisms elucidated by recent studies.Detailed discussions on the influences on the production of volatile compounds and proposed pathways therein are made,followed by future work suggested as the final section.In summarizing the nitrogen impacts on non-Saccharomyces yeasts throughout alcoholic fermentation,this review will be helpful in obtaining a more comprehensive view on these non-conventional wine yeasts in terms of nutrient requirements and corresponding volatile production.Research gaps will therefore be elucidated for future research.展开更多
This paper presents an integrated research scheme for vector deflection and energy extraction in a gas plasma jet under Magneto-Hydrodynamic(MHD)control.A MHDcontrolled thrust-vector test rig was used to conduct the e...This paper presents an integrated research scheme for vector deflection and energy extraction in a gas plasma jet under Magneto-Hydrodynamic(MHD)control.A MHDcontrolled thrust-vector test rig was used to conduct the experimental research.A gas plasma was obtained by injecting ionization seeds of Cs2CO3 into the combustion chamber via artificially forced ionization.The effects of the gas temperature and ionization seed mass fraction on the plasma jet deflection and energy extraction were experimentally verified under an applied magnetic field.The experimental results were analyzed theoretically.The results showed that the deflection amplitude of the gas plasma jet and the extracted voltage signal intensity increased with increasing gas temperature and the ionization seed mass fraction.The extracted dynamic voltage signals proved that the ionization seeds of Cs2CO3 induced gas ionization at 1173 K.The experiment verified that it is feasible to simultaneously achieve jet deflection and extract energy under the action of an external magnetic field.展开更多
Developing efficient,stable and sustainable photocatalysts for water splitting is one of the most significant methods for generating hydrogen.Conjugated microporous polymers,as a new type of organic semiconductor phot...Developing efficient,stable and sustainable photocatalysts for water splitting is one of the most significant methods for generating hydrogen.Conjugated microporous polymers,as a new type of organic semiconductor photocatalyst,have adjustable bandgaps and high specific surface areas,and can be synthesized using diverse methods.In this work,we report the design and synthesis of a series of pyridyl conjugated microporous polymers(PCMPs)utilizing polycondensation of aromatic aldehydes and aromatic ketones in the presence of ammonium acetate.PCMPs with different chemical structures were synthesized via adjusting monomers with different geometries and contents of nitrogen element,which could adjust the bandgap and photocatalytic performance.Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate(HER)up to 1198.9μmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1) was achieved on the optimized polymer with a specific surface area of 312 m^(2)·g^(-1) under UV-Vis light irradiation(A>320 nm).This metal-free synthetic method provides a new avenue to preparing an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution.展开更多
Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs) with tunable bandgaps have attracted increasing attention for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, the synthesis of CMPs usually needs expensive metal-based catalysts. Here...Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs) with tunable bandgaps have attracted increasing attention for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, the synthesis of CMPs usually needs expensive metal-based catalysts. Herein, we report a metal-free synthetic route to fabricate pyridyl conjugated microporous polymers(PCMPs) via a condensed polymerization between aldehyde and aryl ketone monomers. The PCMPs show widely tunable specific surface areas(347–418 m^(2)/g), which were controlled via changing the used monomers. The PCMPs synthesized using monomers of dialdehyde and diacetylbenzene(diacetylpyridine) in the presence of pyridine exhibited the highest visible-light driven hydrogen evolution rate(9.56 μmol/h). These novel designed PCMPs provide wide adaptability to current materials designed for high-performance photocatalysts in different applications.展开更多
Electromagnetic wave(EMW)-absorbing materials can effectively mitigate the issues arising from the development of electromagnetic technology,such as electromagnetic radiation,communication interference and information...Electromagnetic wave(EMW)-absorbing materials can effectively mitigate the issues arising from the development of electromagnetic technology,such as electromagnetic radiation,communication interference and information leakage.Fiber materials,with the advantages of lightweight,high aspect ratio and pronounced mechanical properties,can enhance the scattering effect and transmission path of EMWs at reduced working thicknesses.Significant research efforts have been dedicated to fiber component modulation and microstructure design toward enhancing the effective absorption bandwidth and the dissipation of EMWs.This review summarizes the recent developments in EMW-absorbing fibers,including their absorption mechanisms,preparation methods,performance optimization and structural design.For inorganic EMW-absorbing fibers,their inherent dielectric properties allow the matrix to absorb EMWs,while doping with additional components further enhances impedance matching.In contrast,organic fibers,which generally lack intrinsic EMW-absorbing capabilities,require hybridization with various organic or inorganic functional materials and structural modifications to optimize EMW-absorbing performance.Finally,emerging trends and ongoing challenges in the development of EMW-absorbing fibers are discussed,with the goal of promoting their practical applications.This review gives new insights into the research of EMW-absorbing fibers and fabrics,which will significantly relieve the imminent concerns regarding electromagnetic radiation.展开更多
Accurate genotyping and prognosis of glioma patients present significant clinical challenges,often dependent on subjective judgement and insufficient scientific evidence.This study aims to develop a robust,noninvasive...Accurate genotyping and prognosis of glioma patients present significant clinical challenges,often dependent on subjective judgement and insufficient scientific evidence.This study aims to develop a robust,noninvasive preoperative multi-modal MRIbased transformer learning model to predict IDH genotyping and glioma prognosis.This multi-centre study included 563 glioma patients to develop an interpretable classification model utilising various preoperative imaging sequences,including T1-weighted,T2-weighted,fluid-attenuated inversion recovery,contrast-enhanced T1-weighted,and diffusion-weighted imaging.The model employs a multi-task learning framework to extract and fuse radiomic,deep learning,and clinical features for IDH genotyping and glioma prognosis.Additionally,a multi-modal transformer strategy is integrated to analyse structural and functional MRI,thereby enhancing model performance.Experimental results indicate that the model demonstrates superior performance,surpassing previous research and other state-of-the-art methods.The model achieves an AUC of 91.40% in the IDH genotyping task and 93.37% in the glioma prognosis task.Group analysis reveals that the model exhibits higher sensitivity to IDH-mutant cases and more accurately identifies low-risk groups compared to medium-or high-risk groups.This study aims to achieve accurate IDH genotyping and glioma prognosis through effective classification method,offering valuable diagnostic insights for clinical practice and expediting treatment decisions.展开更多
Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs)have been identified as one kind of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices because of their safety,high energy density,and long cycling life.The development of sol...Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs)have been identified as one kind of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices because of their safety,high energy density,and long cycling life.The development of solid-state electrolyte is vital to commercialize SSLBs.Composite polymer electrolyte(CPE),derived by compositing inorganic particles into solid polymer electrolyte has become the most practical species for SSLBs because it inherits the advantages of polymer electrolyte and simultaneously achieves enhanced ionic conductivity and mechanical properties.The characteristics of inorganic particles and their interaction with polymers strongly impact the performance of CPE,improving its ionic conductivity,mechanical properties,thermal and electrochemical stability,as well as interface compatibility with both electrodes.In this review,the effects of particle characteristics including its species,size,proportion,morphology on the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of CPE are reviewed.Meanwhile,some novel composite strategies are also introduced including surface modification,hybridization,and alignment of particles in polymer matrices,as well as some new preparation methods of CPE.The interactions between particles and other components in CPE including polymer matrices or lithium salt are particularly focused herein to reveal the lithium conductive mechanism.Finally,a perspective on the direction of future CPE development for SSLBs is presented.展开更多
The protection of migratory birds and their habitats is important to the ecological stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).Currently protected areas(PAs)were designed in accordance with species distribution patte...The protection of migratory birds and their habitats is important to the ecological stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).Currently protected areas(PAs)were designed in accordance with species distribution patterns under current climatic conditions,thus ignoring climate change will lead to a decrease in the protection efficiency of PAs.In this study,using the flagship species Grus nigricollis,as an example,we used the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model to simulate the distributions and conservation status of G.nigricollis and optimized the existing PA boundaries.The results showed that(1)suitable habitat-for G.nigricollis accounts for 12.48%of the QTP area,and the PAs established under current climatic conditions cover 17.84%of this suitable habitat area;(2)future climate changes will influence the distribution and quality of G.nigricollis habitats,and the average protection efficiency of the current PAs in four climatic scenarios will decrease from 17.84%to 15.31%;and(3)through optimization,the efficiency of existing PAs can be increased by 0.75 times and reach 28.37%,indicating PA planning must consider not only current climate conditions but also the effects of climate changes.Our results aim to address shortcomings in the conservation efficiency of PAs and provide an example for resolving mismatched PA boundaries and habitat changes for species.展开更多
Sparse signals can be possibly reconstructed by an algorithm which merges a traditional nonlinear optimization method and a certain thresholding technique.Different from existing thresholding methods,a novel threshold...Sparse signals can be possibly reconstructed by an algorithm which merges a traditional nonlinear optimization method and a certain thresholding technique.Different from existing thresholding methods,a novel thresholding technique referred to as the optimal k-thresholding was recently proposed by Zhao(SIAM J Optim 30(1):31-55,2020).This technique simultaneously performs the minimization of an error metric for the problem and thresholding of the iterates generated by the classic gradient method.In this paper,we propose the so-called Newton-type optimal k-thresholding(NTOT)algorithm which is motivated by the appreciable performance of both Newton-type methods and the optimal k-thresholding technique for signal recovery.The guaranteed performance(including convergence)of the proposed algorithms is shown in terms of suitable choices of the algorithmic parameters and the restricted isometry property(RIP)of the sensing matrix which has been widely used in the analysis of compressive sensing algorithms.The simulation results based on synthetic signals indicate that the proposed algorithms are stable and efficient for signal recovery.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2002217,52102342,52103024 and 12404116)Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDRW-CN2021-3-1-18)+5 种基金Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation,Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.21CGA40)9th Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.2023QNRC001)10th Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.YESS20240270)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20232832)Donghua University 2024 Cultivation Project of Discipline Innovation(Grant No.xkcx-202413)Student Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.CXCY20230305).
文摘Ferroelectric materials are gaining increasing attention for the development of advanced catalytic technologies due to their field-responsive polarization states.However,achieving dynamic optimization of catalytic activity using ferroelectrics remains a fundamental challenge.Inspired by the force-adaptive mechanisms of fish scales,we introduce an intracrystalline force regulation strategy to dynamically control cobalt spin states and enhance peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation in Fenton-like processes.This approach utilizes BaTi_(0.92)Co_(0.08)O_(3-δ)(BTC-8)nano-ferroelectrics,where ultrasound irradiation generates a built-in electric field that drives electrons towards cobalt sites.This electron transfer is further facilitated by electronegativity differences between cobalt and barium/titanium ions.The resulting piezo-driven electron flow promotes continuous regeneration of high-spin Co^(2+),enhancing PMS adsorption and SO_(4)^(-)-OH bond cleavage,leading to increased production of⋅SO_(4)^(-)and singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))for organic pollutant degradation.Consequently,BTC-8 achieves a reaction rate(k=1.7960 min^(-1))28.93 times higher than that of pure barium titanate,surpassing previously reported PMS activation and piezocatalytic systems.This work represents a shift from static electronic structure design to dynamic electronic engineering in the development of advanced catalytic strategies for water remediation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3807100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22205182)+2 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52025034)Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong(No.2024A1515011516)supported by the Innovation Team of the Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars.
文摘Built-in electric fields(BIEF),engineered via space charge manipulation,represent an effective strategy for enhance electromagnetic loss.However,single BIEF fail to reconcile the impedance matching and strong electromagnetic attenuation across broad frequency spectra,resulting in limited effective absorption bandwidth(EAB).To address this,dual-BIEF are constructed utilizing an asymmetric gradient electric field structure and multi-polarization center coordination to achieve high-efficiency broad EAB.Herein,heterostructure Ni-Co bimetallic nanocomposites(Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5)@NiCoO_(2)/NCP)are constructed via Ni-Co-based nanocomposites(NiCoO_(2)and Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5))integrated with nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon(NCP).This configuration forms dual heterojunctions the NCP-NiCoO_(2)-semiconductor heterojunction and the NiCoO_(2)-Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5)Mott-Schottky heterojunction—forming the dual-BIEF system.The superposed dual-BIEF drives charge-pumping dynamics facilitating oriented transfer and transition of charges that strengthen interfacial polarization and reduced relaxation times.Theoretical calculations confirm this system simultaneously modulates conductivity,intensifies polarization relaxation,promotes charge separation,and optimizes dipole distribution.Dielectric loss from semiconductor junctions dominates the low-frequency regime,while conductive loss via Mott-Schottky junctions prevails at high frequencies.Thus,the Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5)@NiCoO_(2)/NCP achieves excellent microwave absorption with a remarkable minimum reflection loss of51.5 dB,and an EAB of 6.4 GHz at 2.8 mm thickness.This work establishes a dual-BIEF strategy for effectively engineering high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51627802, 51504150, 11875192)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFB0311200)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, China (No.16DZ2260602)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China, No. 81241037the Natural Science Foundationof Hebei Province, No.H2013307046
文摘As a neuroprotective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke, 3-n-butylphthalide, a celery seed ex- tract, has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China as a clinical therapeutic drug for ischemic stroke patients. L-3-n-butylphthalide possesses significant efficacy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The activated Akt kinase pathway can prevent the death of nerve cells and exhibit neuroprotective effects in the brain after stroke. This study provides the hypothesis that I-3-n- butylphthalide has a certain therapeutic effect on vascular dementia, and its mechanism depends on the activation of the Akt kinase pathway. A vascular dementia mouse model was established by cere- bral repetitive ischemia/reperfusion, and intragastrically administered I-3-n-butylphthalide daily for 28 consecutive days after ischemia/repedusion, or 7 consecutive days before ischemia/reperfusion. The Morris water maze test showed significant impairment of spatial learning and memory at 4 weeks after operation, but intragastric administration of I-3-n-butylphthalide, especially pretreatment with I-3-n- butylphthalide, significantly reversed these changes. Thionine staining and western blot analylsis showed that preventive and therapeutic application of I-3-n-butylphthalide can reduce loss of pyrami- dal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region and alleviate nerve damage in mice with vascular demen- tia. In addition, phosphorylated Akt expression in hippocampal tissue increased significantly after I-3-n- butylphthalide treatment. Experimental findings demonstrate that I-3-n-butylphthalide has preventive and therapeutic effects on vascular dementia, and its mechanism may be mediated by upregulation of phosphorylated Akt in the hippocampus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32170121)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3132022159).
文摘3-Methylindole(skatole)is regarded as one of the most offensive compounds in odor emission.Biodegradation is feasible for skatole removal but the functional species and genes responsible for skatole degradation remain enigmatic.In this study,an efficient aerobic skatole-degrading consortium was obtained.Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas were identified as the two major and active populations by integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses.Bioinformatic analyses indicated that the skatole downstream degradation wasmainly via the catechol pathway,and upstream degradation was likely catalyzed by the aromatic ring-hydroxylating oxygenase and flavin monooxygenase.Genome binning and gene analyses indicated that Pseudomonas,Pseudoclavibacter,and Raineyella should cooperate with Rhodococcus for the skatole degradation process.Moreover,a pure strain Rhodococcus sp.DMU1 was successfully obtained which could utilize skatole as the sole carbon source.Complete genome sequencing showed that strain DMU1 was the predominant population in the consortium.Further crude enzyme and RT-qPCR assays indicated that strain DMU1 degraded skatole through the catechol ortho-cleavage pathway.Collectively,our results suggested that synergistic degradation of skatole in the consortium should be performed by diverse bacteria with Rhodococcus as the primary degrader,and the degradation mainly proceeded via the catechol pathway.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172340)。
文摘Nitrogen,one of the most crucial nutrients present in grapes and musts,plays a key role in yeast activities during alcoholic fermentation.Such influences are imposed on yeast growth and fermentation performances including the formation of secondary metabolites.Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the main yeast responsible for fermentation,has been studied extensively regarding nitrogen impacts.On the other hand,a similar study for non-Saccharomyces yeasts,whose contributions to winemaking have gradually been acknowledged,remains to be fully explored,with a few studies being reported.This review starts by discussing nitrogen impacts on non-Saccharomyces yeast growth and fermentation kinetics in different case scenarios,then proceeds to summarize the nitrogen preferences of individual yeast strains with regulation mechanisms elucidated by recent studies.Detailed discussions on the influences on the production of volatile compounds and proposed pathways therein are made,followed by future work suggested as the final section.In summarizing the nitrogen impacts on non-Saccharomyces yeasts throughout alcoholic fermentation,this review will be helpful in obtaining a more comprehensive view on these non-conventional wine yeasts in terms of nutrient requirements and corresponding volatile production.Research gaps will therefore be elucidated for future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.90716025)。
文摘This paper presents an integrated research scheme for vector deflection and energy extraction in a gas plasma jet under Magneto-Hydrodynamic(MHD)control.A MHDcontrolled thrust-vector test rig was used to conduct the experimental research.A gas plasma was obtained by injecting ionization seeds of Cs2CO3 into the combustion chamber via artificially forced ionization.The effects of the gas temperature and ionization seed mass fraction on the plasma jet deflection and energy extraction were experimentally verified under an applied magnetic field.The experimental results were analyzed theoretically.The results showed that the deflection amplitude of the gas plasma jet and the extracted voltage signal intensity increased with increasing gas temperature and the ionization seed mass fraction.The extracted dynamic voltage signals proved that the ionization seeds of Cs2CO3 induced gas ionization at 1173 K.The experiment verified that it is feasible to simultaneously achieve jet deflection and extract energy under the action of an external magnetic field.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073046,51873036 and 51673039)the Chang Jiang Scholars Program(No.Q2019152)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232019A3-01)the Shanghai Shuguang Program(No.19SG28)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.19D3859)the Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program(No.20PJ1400600)the International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials(No.18520750400).
文摘Developing efficient,stable and sustainable photocatalysts for water splitting is one of the most significant methods for generating hydrogen.Conjugated microporous polymers,as a new type of organic semiconductor photocatalyst,have adjustable bandgaps and high specific surface areas,and can be synthesized using diverse methods.In this work,we report the design and synthesis of a series of pyridyl conjugated microporous polymers(PCMPs)utilizing polycondensation of aromatic aldehydes and aromatic ketones in the presence of ammonium acetate.PCMPs with different chemical structures were synthesized via adjusting monomers with different geometries and contents of nitrogen element,which could adjust the bandgap and photocatalytic performance.Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate(HER)up to 1198.9μmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1) was achieved on the optimized polymer with a specific surface area of 312 m^(2)·g^(-1) under UV-Vis light irradiation(A>320 nm).This metal-free synthetic method provides a new avenue to preparing an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52103024, 52073046, 51873036 and51673039)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(No. 21XD1420200)+5 种基金the Shanghai Shuguang Program (No. 19SG28)the Chang Jiang Scholar Program (No. Q2019152)the Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program (No. 20PJ1400600)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 22ZR1401600 and 19ZR1470900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No. 2232021D-01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University (No. CUSF-DH-D-2019024)。
文摘Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs) with tunable bandgaps have attracted increasing attention for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, the synthesis of CMPs usually needs expensive metal-based catalysts. Herein, we report a metal-free synthetic route to fabricate pyridyl conjugated microporous polymers(PCMPs) via a condensed polymerization between aldehyde and aryl ketone monomers. The PCMPs show widely tunable specific surface areas(347–418 m^(2)/g), which were controlled via changing the used monomers. The PCMPs synthesized using monomers of dialdehyde and diacetylbenzene(diacetylpyridine) in the presence of pyridine exhibited the highest visible-light driven hydrogen evolution rate(9.56 μmol/h). These novel designed PCMPs provide wide adaptability to current materials designed for high-performance photocatalysts in different applications.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3807100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103024,52373172)+4 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2023QNRC001)the Chang Jiang Scholar Program(Q2019152)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22ZR1401600,23ZR1401100)Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation,Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(21CGA40)Donghua University 2024 Cultivation Project of Discipline Innovation(xkcx-202413).
文摘Electromagnetic wave(EMW)-absorbing materials can effectively mitigate the issues arising from the development of electromagnetic technology,such as electromagnetic radiation,communication interference and information leakage.Fiber materials,with the advantages of lightweight,high aspect ratio and pronounced mechanical properties,can enhance the scattering effect and transmission path of EMWs at reduced working thicknesses.Significant research efforts have been dedicated to fiber component modulation and microstructure design toward enhancing the effective absorption bandwidth and the dissipation of EMWs.This review summarizes the recent developments in EMW-absorbing fibers,including their absorption mechanisms,preparation methods,performance optimization and structural design.For inorganic EMW-absorbing fibers,their inherent dielectric properties allow the matrix to absorb EMWs,while doping with additional components further enhances impedance matching.In contrast,organic fibers,which generally lack intrinsic EMW-absorbing capabilities,require hybridization with various organic or inorganic functional materials and structural modifications to optimize EMW-absorbing performance.Finally,emerging trends and ongoing challenges in the development of EMW-absorbing fibers are discussed,with the goal of promoting their practical applications.This review gives new insights into the research of EMW-absorbing fibers and fabrics,which will significantly relieve the imminent concerns regarding electromagnetic radiation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 82441022,82371934)Medical Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(SBGJ202101002)+1 种基金Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Programme(225200810062)Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research Joint Construction Project(LHGJ20240053,LHGJ20240036).
文摘Accurate genotyping and prognosis of glioma patients present significant clinical challenges,often dependent on subjective judgement and insufficient scientific evidence.This study aims to develop a robust,noninvasive preoperative multi-modal MRIbased transformer learning model to predict IDH genotyping and glioma prognosis.This multi-centre study included 563 glioma patients to develop an interpretable classification model utilising various preoperative imaging sequences,including T1-weighted,T2-weighted,fluid-attenuated inversion recovery,contrast-enhanced T1-weighted,and diffusion-weighted imaging.The model employs a multi-task learning framework to extract and fuse radiomic,deep learning,and clinical features for IDH genotyping and glioma prognosis.Additionally,a multi-modal transformer strategy is integrated to analyse structural and functional MRI,thereby enhancing model performance.Experimental results indicate that the model demonstrates superior performance,surpassing previous research and other state-of-the-art methods.The model achieves an AUC of 91.40% in the IDH genotyping task and 93.37% in the glioma prognosis task.Group analysis reveals that the model exhibits higher sensitivity to IDH-mutant cases and more accurately identifies low-risk groups compared to medium-or high-risk groups.This study aims to achieve accurate IDH genotyping and glioma prognosis through effective classification method,offering valuable diagnostic insights for clinical practice and expediting treatment decisions.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB0104300)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2202027)the China Scholarship Council(No.202006460047).
文摘Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs)have been identified as one kind of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices because of their safety,high energy density,and long cycling life.The development of solid-state electrolyte is vital to commercialize SSLBs.Composite polymer electrolyte(CPE),derived by compositing inorganic particles into solid polymer electrolyte has become the most practical species for SSLBs because it inherits the advantages of polymer electrolyte and simultaneously achieves enhanced ionic conductivity and mechanical properties.The characteristics of inorganic particles and their interaction with polymers strongly impact the performance of CPE,improving its ionic conductivity,mechanical properties,thermal and electrochemical stability,as well as interface compatibility with both electrodes.In this review,the effects of particle characteristics including its species,size,proportion,morphology on the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of CPE are reviewed.Meanwhile,some novel composite strategies are also introduced including surface modification,hybridization,and alignment of particles in polymer matrices,as well as some new preparation methods of CPE.The interactions between particles and other components in CPE including polymer matrices or lithium salt are particularly focused herein to reveal the lithium conductive mechanism.Finally,a perspective on the direction of future CPE development for SSLBs is presented.
基金funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(Grant No.2019QZKK0307)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41925005 and 41701051)the Special Program of Research Center for Ecoenvironmental Sciences,at the Chinese Academy of Sciences(RCEES-TDZ-2021-11).
文摘The protection of migratory birds and their habitats is important to the ecological stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).Currently protected areas(PAs)were designed in accordance with species distribution patterns under current climatic conditions,thus ignoring climate change will lead to a decrease in the protection efficiency of PAs.In this study,using the flagship species Grus nigricollis,as an example,we used the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model to simulate the distributions and conservation status of G.nigricollis and optimized the existing PA boundaries.The results showed that(1)suitable habitat-for G.nigricollis accounts for 12.48%of the QTP area,and the PAs established under current climatic conditions cover 17.84%of this suitable habitat area;(2)future climate changes will influence the distribution and quality of G.nigricollis habitats,and the average protection efficiency of the current PAs in four climatic scenarios will decrease from 17.84%to 15.31%;and(3)through optimization,the efficiency of existing PAs can be increased by 0.75 times and reach 28.37%,indicating PA planning must consider not only current climate conditions but also the effects of climate changes.Our results aim to address shortcomings in the conservation efficiency of PAs and provide an example for resolving mismatched PA boundaries and habitat changes for species.
基金founded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12071307).
文摘Sparse signals can be possibly reconstructed by an algorithm which merges a traditional nonlinear optimization method and a certain thresholding technique.Different from existing thresholding methods,a novel thresholding technique referred to as the optimal k-thresholding was recently proposed by Zhao(SIAM J Optim 30(1):31-55,2020).This technique simultaneously performs the minimization of an error metric for the problem and thresholding of the iterates generated by the classic gradient method.In this paper,we propose the so-called Newton-type optimal k-thresholding(NTOT)algorithm which is motivated by the appreciable performance of both Newton-type methods and the optimal k-thresholding technique for signal recovery.The guaranteed performance(including convergence)of the proposed algorithms is shown in terms of suitable choices of the algorithmic parameters and the restricted isometry property(RIP)of the sensing matrix which has been widely used in the analysis of compressive sensing algorithms.The simulation results based on synthetic signals indicate that the proposed algorithms are stable and efficient for signal recovery.
