Space-borne measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations provide global observation constraints for top-down estimates of surface carbon flux.Here,the first estimates of the global distribution of carbon ...Space-borne measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations provide global observation constraints for top-down estimates of surface carbon flux.Here,the first estimates of the global distribution of carbon surface fluxes inferred from dry-air CO_2 column (XCO_2) measurements by the Chinese Global Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Scientific Experimental Satellite (Tan Sat) are presented.An ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) data assimilation system coupled with the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model is used to optimally fit model simulations with the Tan Sat XCO_2 observations,which were retrieved using the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon dioxide retrieval Algorithm for Satellite remote sensing (IAPCAS).High posterior error reduction (30%–50%) compared with a priori fluxes indicates that assimilating satellite XCO_2 measurements provides highly effective constraints on global carbon flux estimation.Their impacts are also highlighted by significant spatiotemporal shifts in flux patterns over regions critical to the global carbon budget,such as tropical South America and China.An integrated global land carbon net flux of 6.71±0.76 Gt C yr^(-1) over12 months (May 2017–April 2018) is estimated from the Tan Sat XCO_2 data,which is generally consistent with other inversions based on satellite data,such as the JAXA GOSAT and NASA OCO-2 XCO_2 retrievals.However,discrepancies were found in some regional flux estimates,particularly over the Southern Hemisphere,where there may still be uncorrected bias between satellite measurements due to the lack of independent reference observations.The results of this study provide the groundwork for further studies using current or future Tan Sat XCO_2 data together with other surfacebased and space-borne measurements to quantify biosphere–atmosphere carbon exchange.展开更多
The Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission(TanSat)is the third satellite for global CO2 monitoring and is capable of detecting weak solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)signals with its advanced te...The Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission(TanSat)is the third satellite for global CO2 monitoring and is capable of detecting weak solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)signals with its advanced technical characteristics.Based on the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon Dioxide Retrieval Algorithm for Satellite Remote Sensing(IAPCAS)platform,we successfully retrieved the TanSat global SIF product spanning the period of March 2017 to February 2018 with a physically based algorithm.This paper introduces the new TanSat SIF dataset and shows the global seasonal SIF maps.A brief comparison between the IAPCAS TanSat SIF product and the data-driven SVD(singular value decomposition)SIF product is also performed for follow-up algorithm optimization.The comparative results show that there are regional biases between the two SIF datasets and the linear correlations between them are above 0.73 for all seasons.The future SIF data product applications and requirements for SIF space observation are discussed.展开更多
The 1st Chinese carbon dioxide(CO2)monitoring satellite mission,TanSat,was launched in 2016.The 1st TanSat global map of CO2 dry-air mixing ratio(XCO2)measurements over land was released as version 1 data product with...The 1st Chinese carbon dioxide(CO2)monitoring satellite mission,TanSat,was launched in 2016.The 1st TanSat global map of CO2 dry-air mixing ratio(XCO2)measurements over land was released as version 1 data product with an accuracy of 2.11 ppmv(parts per million by volume).In this paper,we introduce a new(version 2)TanSat global XCO2 product that is approached by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon dioxide retrieval Algorithm for Satellite remote sensing(IAPCAS),and the European Space Agency(ESA)Climate Change Initiative plus(CCI+)TanSat XCO2 product by University of Leicester Full Physics(UoL-FP)retrieval algorithm.The correction of the measurement spectrum improves the accuracy(−0.08 ppmv)and precision(1.47 ppmv)of the new retrieval,which provides opportunity for further application in global carbon flux studies in the future.Inter-comparison between the two retrievals indicates a good agreement,with a standard deviation of 1.28 ppmv and a bias of−0.35 ppmv.展开更多
The Chinese global carbon dioxide monitoring satellite （TanSat） was launched successfully in December 2016 and has completed its on-orbit tests and calibration. TanSat aims to measure the atmospheric column-averaged...The Chinese global carbon dioxide monitoring satellite （TanSat） was launched successfully in December 2016 and has completed its on-orbit tests and calibration. TanSat aims to measure the atmospheric column-averaged dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide （XCO2） with a precision of 4 ppm at the regional scale, and in addition, to derive global and regional CO2 fluxes. Progress towards these objectives is reviewed and the first scientific results from TanSat measurements are presented. TanSat on-orbit tests indicate that the Atmospheric Carbon dioxide GratingSpectrometer is in normal working status and is beginning to produce LIB products. The preliminary TanSat XCO2 products have been retrieved by an algorithm and compared to NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 （OCO-2） measurements during an over- lapping observation period. Furthermore, the XCO2 retrievals have been validated against eight groundsite measurement datasets from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network, for which the preliminary conclusion is that TanSat has met the precision design requirement, with an average bias of 2.11 ppm. The first scientific observations are presented, namely, the seasonal distributions of XCO2 over land on a global scale.展开更多
The Fengyun 3(FY-3)series is the second generation of Chinese sun-synchronous meteorological satellites.The first two,FY-3A and FY-3B,were launched successfully on 27 May 2008 and 5 November 2010,respectively.FY-3A an...The Fengyun 3(FY-3)series is the second generation of Chinese sun-synchronous meteorological satellites.The first two,FY-3A and FY-3B,were launched successfully on 27 May 2008 and 5 November 2010,respectively.FY-3A and FY-3B share the same design,equipped with 11 payloads to observe the Earth system,but FY-3A is on a monitoring-orbit and FY-3B is on an afternoon-orbit.As a satellite constellation,FY-3A and FY-3B comprehensively improved meteorological observations in spectral wavelength,spatial coverage,and temporal frequency.This paper summarizes the improvements of the FY-3A and FY-3B satellites.New features,including optical imaging capacity from kilometer to hundred-meter resolution,passive microwave imaging,atmospheric temperature and moisture sounding,atmospheric chemistry remote sensing,and Earth radiation budget measurement,are presented with demonstrations of their use.Instruments scheduled for the FY-3C and beyond are introduced as well.展开更多
Precipitation is one of the most important parameters in Earth system but is hard to measure.China began to develop satellites dedicated to precipitation measurements in the second generation of the FengYun polarorbit...Precipitation is one of the most important parameters in Earth system but is hard to measure.China began to develop satellites dedicated to precipitation measurements in the second generation of the FengYun polarorbiting meteorological satellite program(FY-3).The first of total 2 rainfall missions scheduled,FY-3G,was successfully launched on 16 April 2023 and became the world’s third satellite to measure precipitation with space-borne radar after the tropical rainfall measuring mission in 1997 and global precipitation measurement core observatory in 2014.In this manuscript,we illustrate the platform of FY-3G and instruments mounted in great detail,with additional information about ground segments,designed sensor-based products,and retrieval of geophysical parameters.During the 4 months after launch,the specifications of the platform and instruments are under inspection as calibration and validation are carefully conducted.The first images captured by FY-3G are encouraging,and initial results show a strong capability for providing insights into all kinds of precipitation phenomena.The important work of data processing,such as data assimilation,data fusion between space-based and ground-based radar,and that between polar and geostationary satellites,as well as future applications in weather modification,has been prepared in advance.As a pioneer of China’s rainfall missions,FY-3G greatly improves our ability to provide global precipitation measurements,understand Earth’s water and energy cycle,and forecast extreme events for the benefit of society.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2016YFA0600203)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2017YFB0504000)+3 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZDRW-ZS-2019-1)the Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41905029)supported by the UK NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)The TanSat L1B data service is provided by IRCSD and CASA (131211KYSB20180002)。
文摘Space-borne measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations provide global observation constraints for top-down estimates of surface carbon flux.Here,the first estimates of the global distribution of carbon surface fluxes inferred from dry-air CO_2 column (XCO_2) measurements by the Chinese Global Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Scientific Experimental Satellite (Tan Sat) are presented.An ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) data assimilation system coupled with the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model is used to optimally fit model simulations with the Tan Sat XCO_2 observations,which were retrieved using the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon dioxide retrieval Algorithm for Satellite remote sensing (IAPCAS).High posterior error reduction (30%–50%) compared with a priori fluxes indicates that assimilating satellite XCO_2 measurements provides highly effective constraints on global carbon flux estimation.Their impacts are also highlighted by significant spatiotemporal shifts in flux patterns over regions critical to the global carbon budget,such as tropical South America and China.An integrated global land carbon net flux of 6.71±0.76 Gt C yr^(-1) over12 months (May 2017–April 2018) is estimated from the Tan Sat XCO_2 data,which is generally consistent with other inversions based on satellite data,such as the JAXA GOSAT and NASA OCO-2 XCO_2 retrievals.However,discrepancies were found in some regional flux estimates,particularly over the Southern Hemisphere,where there may still be uncorrected bias between satellite measurements due to the lack of independent reference observations.The results of this study provide the groundwork for further studies using current or future Tan Sat XCO_2 data together with other surfacebased and space-borne measurements to quantify biosphere–atmosphere carbon exchange.
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFA0600203)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW-ZS-2019-1&ZDRW-ZS-2019-2)the Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41905029).The TanSat L1B data service was provided by the International Reanalysis Cooperation on Carbon Satellite Data(IRCSD)(131211KYSB20180002)and the Cooperation on the Analysis of Carbon Satellite Data(CASA).The authors thank the OCO-2 team for providing the Level-2 SIF data products.
文摘The Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission(TanSat)is the third satellite for global CO2 monitoring and is capable of detecting weak solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)signals with its advanced technical characteristics.Based on the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon Dioxide Retrieval Algorithm for Satellite Remote Sensing(IAPCAS)platform,we successfully retrieved the TanSat global SIF product spanning the period of March 2017 to February 2018 with a physically based algorithm.This paper introduces the new TanSat SIF dataset and shows the global seasonal SIF maps.A brief comparison between the IAPCAS TanSat SIF product and the data-driven SVD(singular value decomposition)SIF product is also performed for follow-up algorithm optimization.The comparative results show that there are regional biases between the two SIF datasets and the linear correlations between them are above 0.73 for all seasons.The future SIF data product applications and requirements for SIF space observation are discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0600203)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDRW-ZS-2019-1)+4 种基金the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.GJHZ201903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41905029)ESA Climate Change Initiative CCI+(GhG theme),Earthnet Data Assessment Pilot(EDAP)project and ESA-MOST Dragon-4 programme(ID 32301)supported by the UK NERC National Centre for Earth Observation(NCEO)(Grant Nos.nceo020005 and NE/N018079/1)The TanSat L1B data service is provided by IRCSD and CASA(131211KYSB20180002).
文摘The 1st Chinese carbon dioxide(CO2)monitoring satellite mission,TanSat,was launched in 2016.The 1st TanSat global map of CO2 dry-air mixing ratio(XCO2)measurements over land was released as version 1 data product with an accuracy of 2.11 ppmv(parts per million by volume).In this paper,we introduce a new(version 2)TanSat global XCO2 product that is approached by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon dioxide retrieval Algorithm for Satellite remote sensing(IAPCAS),and the European Space Agency(ESA)Climate Change Initiative plus(CCI+)TanSat XCO2 product by University of Leicester Full Physics(UoL-FP)retrieval algorithm.The correction of the measurement spectrum improves the accuracy(−0.08 ppmv)and precision(1.47 ppmv)of the new retrieval,which provides opportunity for further application in global carbon flux studies in the future.Inter-comparison between the two retrievals indicates a good agreement,with a standard deviation of 1.28 ppmv and a bias of−0.35 ppmv.
基金supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2016YFA0600203)the National High-tech Research and Development Program (2011AA12A104)+1 种基金External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (GJHZ1507)the National Key R & D Program of China (2017YFB0504000)
文摘The Chinese global carbon dioxide monitoring satellite （TanSat） was launched successfully in December 2016 and has completed its on-orbit tests and calibration. TanSat aims to measure the atmospheric column-averaged dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide （XCO2） with a precision of 4 ppm at the regional scale, and in addition, to derive global and regional CO2 fluxes. Progress towards these objectives is reviewed and the first scientific results from TanSat measurements are presented. TanSat on-orbit tests indicate that the Atmospheric Carbon dioxide GratingSpectrometer is in normal working status and is beginning to produce LIB products. The preliminary TanSat XCO2 products have been retrieved by an algorithm and compared to NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 （OCO-2） measurements during an over- lapping observation period. Furthermore, the XCO2 retrievals have been validated against eight groundsite measurement datasets from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network, for which the preliminary conclusion is that TanSat has met the precision design requirement, with an average bias of 2.11 ppm. The first scientific observations are presented, namely, the seasonal distributions of XCO2 over land on a global scale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 41075021)the Key Project in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program of China(Grant Numbers 2008BAC40B01)International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant Numbers 2010DFA21140).
文摘The Fengyun 3(FY-3)series is the second generation of Chinese sun-synchronous meteorological satellites.The first two,FY-3A and FY-3B,were launched successfully on 27 May 2008 and 5 November 2010,respectively.FY-3A and FY-3B share the same design,equipped with 11 payloads to observe the Earth system,but FY-3A is on a monitoring-orbit and FY-3B is on an afternoon-orbit.As a satellite constellation,FY-3A and FY-3B comprehensively improved meteorological observations in spectral wavelength,spatial coverage,and temporal frequency.This paper summarizes the improvements of the FY-3A and FY-3B satellites.New features,including optical imaging capacity from kilometer to hundred-meter resolution,passive microwave imaging,atmospheric temperature and moisture sounding,atmospheric chemistry remote sensing,and Earth radiation budget measurement,are presented with demonstrations of their use.Instruments scheduled for the FY-3C and beyond are introduced as well.
基金supported by the FY3-03 meteorological satellite project ground application system,and the International Space Water Cycle Observation Constellation Program(grant no.183311KYSB20200015).
文摘Precipitation is one of the most important parameters in Earth system but is hard to measure.China began to develop satellites dedicated to precipitation measurements in the second generation of the FengYun polarorbiting meteorological satellite program(FY-3).The first of total 2 rainfall missions scheduled,FY-3G,was successfully launched on 16 April 2023 and became the world’s third satellite to measure precipitation with space-borne radar after the tropical rainfall measuring mission in 1997 and global precipitation measurement core observatory in 2014.In this manuscript,we illustrate the platform of FY-3G and instruments mounted in great detail,with additional information about ground segments,designed sensor-based products,and retrieval of geophysical parameters.During the 4 months after launch,the specifications of the platform and instruments are under inspection as calibration and validation are carefully conducted.The first images captured by FY-3G are encouraging,and initial results show a strong capability for providing insights into all kinds of precipitation phenomena.The important work of data processing,such as data assimilation,data fusion between space-based and ground-based radar,and that between polar and geostationary satellites,as well as future applications in weather modification,has been prepared in advance.As a pioneer of China’s rainfall missions,FY-3G greatly improves our ability to provide global precipitation measurements,understand Earth’s water and energy cycle,and forecast extreme events for the benefit of society.
