In the early years of the Industrial Revolution,the extensive use of fossil resources and energyintensive production methods was widely accepted,even celebrated,as signs of progress.However,growing concerns over envir...In the early years of the Industrial Revolution,the extensive use of fossil resources and energyintensive production methods was widely accepted,even celebrated,as signs of progress.However,growing concerns over environmental degradation,resource depletion,and climate change have necessitated a transition toward more sustainable and environmentally responsible production strategies.Within this context,wick-and-oil flame synthesis has emerged as a simple,energy-efficient,and cost-effectivemethod that utilizes natural oils as both fuel and renewable carbon sources for the generation of carbon nanoparticles,particularly carbon nano-onions.This review presents a comprehensive overview of this emerging synthesis approach,highlighting its potential to transform the perception of carbon soot from a pollutant to a valuable nanomaterial.The method’s scalability,minimal equipment requirements,and compatibility with green chemistry principles position it as a promising alternative to more complex or fossildependent routes,especially in resource-limited settings.In this review,a key focus is given to the physicochemical properties of the soot,including particle morphology,structure,and surface characteristics,which are examined in detail,along with relevant post-synthesis strategies.Particular attention is given to the application performance of natural-oil-derived carbon nanoparticles across multiple domains such as electrochemical energy storage,surface engineering,environmental remediation,and sensor technologies.In each case,the advantages and current limitations of these materials are discussed in light of competing state-of-the-art technologies.However,several research gaps remain,including a limited understanding of the structure–function relationship,insufficient control over purity and size distribution,and challenges in integrating these materials into scalable manufacturing systems.展开更多
文摘In the early years of the Industrial Revolution,the extensive use of fossil resources and energyintensive production methods was widely accepted,even celebrated,as signs of progress.However,growing concerns over environmental degradation,resource depletion,and climate change have necessitated a transition toward more sustainable and environmentally responsible production strategies.Within this context,wick-and-oil flame synthesis has emerged as a simple,energy-efficient,and cost-effectivemethod that utilizes natural oils as both fuel and renewable carbon sources for the generation of carbon nanoparticles,particularly carbon nano-onions.This review presents a comprehensive overview of this emerging synthesis approach,highlighting its potential to transform the perception of carbon soot from a pollutant to a valuable nanomaterial.The method’s scalability,minimal equipment requirements,and compatibility with green chemistry principles position it as a promising alternative to more complex or fossildependent routes,especially in resource-limited settings.In this review,a key focus is given to the physicochemical properties of the soot,including particle morphology,structure,and surface characteristics,which are examined in detail,along with relevant post-synthesis strategies.Particular attention is given to the application performance of natural-oil-derived carbon nanoparticles across multiple domains such as electrochemical energy storage,surface engineering,environmental remediation,and sensor technologies.In each case,the advantages and current limitations of these materials are discussed in light of competing state-of-the-art technologies.However,several research gaps remain,including a limited understanding of the structure–function relationship,insufficient control over purity and size distribution,and challenges in integrating these materials into scalable manufacturing systems.
