Background Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily diagnosed in childhood,characterized by pancreaticβ-cell destruction,severe insulin deficiency,and hyperglycemia.Current treatments,including i...Background Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily diagnosed in childhood,characterized by pancreaticβ-cell destruction,severe insulin deficiency,and hyperglycemia.Current treatments,including insulin therapy and glucose-lowering medications,manage the condition but fall short of offering a cure.In this review we explore the potential of stem-cell therapy as a transformative and curative approach for T1D,focusing on its promise in regeneratingβ-cells and addressing challenges specific to the pediatric population.Data sources A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to evaluate stem-cell types:embryonic,perinatal,adult,induced pluripotent and cancer stem cells,and their role in T1D treatment.Particular emphasis was placed on methods forβ-cell differentiation,advancements in autologous and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation and emerging strategies to overcome safety,efficacy,and economic barriers.Challenges such as immune rejection,tumorigenicity,and cost-effectiveness were analyzed,alongside novel solutions like immune-shielding and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein-9(Cas9)technology.Results Stem-cell therapy presents a promising avenue for curing T1D,offering potential forβ-cell regeneration and reduced dependence on exogenous insulin.However,challenges such as delayedβ-cell functionality,immune responses,tumor risks,and high costs hinder widespread application.Conclusions Advancements in personalized medicine,immune-shielding strategies,and cost reduction may pave the way for clinical success,especially in pediatric populations.Further research addressing these barriers is essential to establish stem-cell therapy as a viable and equitable treatment option.展开更多
文摘Background Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily diagnosed in childhood,characterized by pancreaticβ-cell destruction,severe insulin deficiency,and hyperglycemia.Current treatments,including insulin therapy and glucose-lowering medications,manage the condition but fall short of offering a cure.In this review we explore the potential of stem-cell therapy as a transformative and curative approach for T1D,focusing on its promise in regeneratingβ-cells and addressing challenges specific to the pediatric population.Data sources A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to evaluate stem-cell types:embryonic,perinatal,adult,induced pluripotent and cancer stem cells,and their role in T1D treatment.Particular emphasis was placed on methods forβ-cell differentiation,advancements in autologous and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation and emerging strategies to overcome safety,efficacy,and economic barriers.Challenges such as immune rejection,tumorigenicity,and cost-effectiveness were analyzed,alongside novel solutions like immune-shielding and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein-9(Cas9)technology.Results Stem-cell therapy presents a promising avenue for curing T1D,offering potential forβ-cell regeneration and reduced dependence on exogenous insulin.However,challenges such as delayedβ-cell functionality,immune responses,tumor risks,and high costs hinder widespread application.Conclusions Advancements in personalized medicine,immune-shielding strategies,and cost reduction may pave the way for clinical success,especially in pediatric populations.Further research addressing these barriers is essential to establish stem-cell therapy as a viable and equitable treatment option.
