Over the past decades,cancer has become one of the toughest challenges for health professionals.The epidemiologists are increasingly directing their research efforts on various malignant tumor worldwide.Of note,incide...Over the past decades,cancer has become one of the toughest challenges for health professionals.The epidemiologists are increasingly directing their research efforts on various malignant tumor worldwide.Of note,incidence of cancers is on the rise more quickly in developed countries.Indeed,great endeavors have to be made in the control of the life-threatening disease.As we know it,pancreatic cancer(PC)is a malignant disease with the worst prognosis.While little is known about the etiology of the PC and measures to prevent the condition,so far,a number of risk factors have been identified.Genetic factors,pre-malignant lesions,predisposing diseases and exogenous factors have been found to be linked to PC.Genetic susceptibility was observed in 10%of PC cases,including inherited PC syndromes and familial PC.However,in the remaining 90%,their PC might be caused by genetic factors in combination with environmental factors.Nonetheless,the exact mechanism of the two kinds of factors,endogenous and exogenous,working together to cause PC remains poorly understood.The fact that most pancreatic neoplasms are diagnosed at an incurable stage of the disease highlights the need to identify risk factors and to understand their contribution to carcinogenesis.This article reviews the high risk factors contributing to the development of PC,to provide information for clinicians and epidemiologists.展开更多
Introduction: pelvic abdominal surgery may be associated with urological complications requiring reoperation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urological surgical complications of gynecological and obstetric ...Introduction: pelvic abdominal surgery may be associated with urological complications requiring reoperation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urological surgical complications of gynecological and obstetric procedures conducted at the Ignace Deen University Hospital of Conakry in Guinea. Methodology: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study of ten years, from 1 January 2006 to 21 December 2015. Results: Of 14,500 patients hospitalized in the maternity ward during the study period, 31 patients had secondary urological complications during gynecological or obstetric intervention 0.2%). The mean age of the patients was 34.77 years (range: 17 to 58 years). The mean duration of hospital stay was 13.29 days (range: 3 to 28 days). Signs of complication were mainly postoperative abdominal pain (64%, n = 20), vaginal urine leakage (19.35%, n = 6) and vaginal bleeding (9.68% n = 3). The diagnosis was mainly confirmed by ultrasound (70.45%, n = 31). The lesions were primarily ureteric (77.42%, n = 17) or on the urethral wounds (8.12%, n = 12). Urological complications mostly occurred during hysterectomy (41.94%, n = 13) and caesarean section (32.26%, n = 10). Repair procedures included uretero-vesical reimplantation (58.06%, n = 18), vesico-vaginal fistuloraphy (22.58%, n = 7), vesico-uterine fistuloraphy (12.90%, n = 4) and temporary ureterostomy (6.45%, n = 2). Treatment were successful in 28 patients (90.32%) and a lethality of 9.68% (n = 3) was recorded. Conclusion: Urological surgical complications of obstetric gynecological surgeries were mostly related to hysterectomy and Caesarean section performed by low-skilled surgeons, from peripheral facilities. Prevention measures should include better training and follow-up of practitioners from peripheral health facilities.展开更多
文摘Over the past decades,cancer has become one of the toughest challenges for health professionals.The epidemiologists are increasingly directing their research efforts on various malignant tumor worldwide.Of note,incidence of cancers is on the rise more quickly in developed countries.Indeed,great endeavors have to be made in the control of the life-threatening disease.As we know it,pancreatic cancer(PC)is a malignant disease with the worst prognosis.While little is known about the etiology of the PC and measures to prevent the condition,so far,a number of risk factors have been identified.Genetic factors,pre-malignant lesions,predisposing diseases and exogenous factors have been found to be linked to PC.Genetic susceptibility was observed in 10%of PC cases,including inherited PC syndromes and familial PC.However,in the remaining 90%,their PC might be caused by genetic factors in combination with environmental factors.Nonetheless,the exact mechanism of the two kinds of factors,endogenous and exogenous,working together to cause PC remains poorly understood.The fact that most pancreatic neoplasms are diagnosed at an incurable stage of the disease highlights the need to identify risk factors and to understand their contribution to carcinogenesis.This article reviews the high risk factors contributing to the development of PC,to provide information for clinicians and epidemiologists.
文摘Introduction: pelvic abdominal surgery may be associated with urological complications requiring reoperation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urological surgical complications of gynecological and obstetric procedures conducted at the Ignace Deen University Hospital of Conakry in Guinea. Methodology: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study of ten years, from 1 January 2006 to 21 December 2015. Results: Of 14,500 patients hospitalized in the maternity ward during the study period, 31 patients had secondary urological complications during gynecological or obstetric intervention 0.2%). The mean age of the patients was 34.77 years (range: 17 to 58 years). The mean duration of hospital stay was 13.29 days (range: 3 to 28 days). Signs of complication were mainly postoperative abdominal pain (64%, n = 20), vaginal urine leakage (19.35%, n = 6) and vaginal bleeding (9.68% n = 3). The diagnosis was mainly confirmed by ultrasound (70.45%, n = 31). The lesions were primarily ureteric (77.42%, n = 17) or on the urethral wounds (8.12%, n = 12). Urological complications mostly occurred during hysterectomy (41.94%, n = 13) and caesarean section (32.26%, n = 10). Repair procedures included uretero-vesical reimplantation (58.06%, n = 18), vesico-vaginal fistuloraphy (22.58%, n = 7), vesico-uterine fistuloraphy (12.90%, n = 4) and temporary ureterostomy (6.45%, n = 2). Treatment were successful in 28 patients (90.32%) and a lethality of 9.68% (n = 3) was recorded. Conclusion: Urological surgical complications of obstetric gynecological surgeries were mostly related to hysterectomy and Caesarean section performed by low-skilled surgeons, from peripheral facilities. Prevention measures should include better training and follow-up of practitioners from peripheral health facilities.
