Based on a non-equilibrium kinetic extraction technique,the complexation kinetics of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid(DTPA)with rare earth(RE)ions was investigated with different adding sequences of DTPA.The result...Based on a non-equilibrium kinetic extraction technique,the complexation kinetics of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid(DTPA)with rare earth(RE)ions was investigated with different adding sequences of DTPA.The results indicated that the separation factors ofβTm/Er andβY/Er were higher when adding DTPA at the start of extraction than those before extraction.The extraction order for Y,Er and Tm was Tm>Y>Er.The root of discrepancy in complexation kinetics of Y,Er and Tm ions with DTPA and the enhanced kinetic separation mechanism were elucidated from the forward complex formation and reverse dissociation rates by the stopped-flow spectrophotometric technique.The apparent complexation rate constants began to decrease gradually with the increase of aqueous pH,while increased with increasing DTPA concentration.The emergence of extraction priority order as Tm>Y>Er was verified according to the calculated reaction kinetic constants of Y,Er and Tm at different pH values.展开更多
Tillering contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Investigating the mechanisms of tillering provides a theoretical foundation and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of wheat.The regulation of tillering i...Tillering contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Investigating the mechanisms of tillering provides a theoretical foundation and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of wheat.The regulation of tillering is a complex molecular process that involves a multitude of factors.Little is known about the molecular mechanisms in the wheat genome,although progress has been made in rice.Here we review the developmental characteristics of tillers and summarize current knowledge of the roles of endogenous and environmental factors in wheat tillering.We propose directions for future studies and advanced technologies to be used for gene identification and functional studies.展开更多
A new method by liquid-liquid-liquid three phase system, consisting of acidified primary amine N1923 （abbreviated as A-N1923）, poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） and （NH4）2S04 aqueous solution, was suggested for the ...A new method by liquid-liquid-liquid three phase system, consisting of acidified primary amine N1923 （abbreviated as A-N1923）, poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） and （NH4）2S04 aqueous solution, was suggested for the separation and simultaneous extraction of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） from the acidic leach solutions of high- chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite. Experimental results indicated that Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could be selectively enriched into the A-N1923 organic top phase and PEG-rich middle phase, respectively, while AI（Ⅲ） and other co-existing impurity ions, such as Si（Ⅳ）, Fe（Ⅲ）, Ti（Ⅳ）, Mg（Ⅱ） and Ca（Ⅱ） in acidic leach solutions, could be enriched in the （NH4）2SO4 bottom aqueous phase. During the process for extraction and separation of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ）, almost all of impurity ions could be removed. The separation factors between Ⅴ （Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could reach 630 and 908, respectively in the organic top phase and PEG middle phase, and yields of recovered Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） in the top phase and middle phase respectively were all above 90%. Various effects including aqueous pH, A-N1923 concentration, PEG added amount and （NH4）2SO4 concentration on three-phase partitioning of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） were discussed. It was found that the partition of Cr（Ⅵ） into the PEG-rich middle phase was driven by hydrophobic interaction, while extraction of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） by A-N1923 resulted of anion exchange between NO; and H2V10O4-28. Stripping of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） from the top organic phase and the middle PEG-rich phase were achieved by mixing respectively with NANO3 aqueous solutions and NaOH-（NH4）2SO4 solutions. The present work highlights a new approach for the extraction and purification of V and Cr from the complex multi-metal co-existing acidic leach solutions of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite.展开更多
It is difficult to achieve selective separation and enrichment of different rare earths from high abundance yttrium ores efficiently only dependent on their discrepancy in thermodynamic properties.The present work sug...It is difficult to achieve selective separation and enrichment of different rare earths from high abundance yttrium ores efficiently only dependent on their discrepancy in thermodynamic properties.The present work suggests a new strategy based on non-equilibrium kinetic separation of Er and Tm on the surface of freely rising oil droplets to control the separation order of Y.It is revealed that the mutual separation of Er/Tm is significantly promoted with the separation coefficient of 2.89 during the non-equilibrium extraction with the addition of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA).The extraction sequence of Tm,Er and Y can be controlled as Tm>Y>Er,thus Y can be selectively enriched during the process of separation of Er and Tm,Such a sequence is subject to the controllable dissociation rates of RE(Ⅲ)-DTPA complexes and extraction abilities of P507 with the three RE(Ⅲ)ions.The dissociation rate is dependent on the stabilities of RE(Ⅲ)-DTPA complexes and follows the sequence ofY(Ⅲ)—DTPA Er>Y to Tm>Y>Er.展开更多
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal pollution, are the main environmental factors that limit crop growth and yield. Sorghum, a C4 grass plant with high photosynthetic efficie...Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal pollution, are the main environmental factors that limit crop growth and yield. Sorghum, a C4 grass plant with high photosynthetic efficiency, can grow in adverse environmental conditions due to its excellent stress resistance characteristics. Therefore, unraveling the stress-resistance mechanism of sorghum could provide a theoretical basis for developing and cultivating various stress-resistant crops. This understanding could also help to create a conducive environment for using marginal soil in agriculture and ensuring food security. In this review, we discuss the adaptation mechanisms of sorghum under drought, salinity, temperature, and soil heavy metal stresses, the specific response to stress, the screening of sorghum-resistant germplasm, and the identification and functional analysis of the relevant genes and quantitative trait loci(QTL). In addition, we discuss the application potential of different stress-tolerant sorghum germplasms reported to date and emphasize the feasibility and potential use in developing and promoting highly stress-tolerant sorghum in marginal soil.展开更多
A new approach was suggested in present work for improving the separation between Pr(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ)by a so-called kinetic "push and pull" system consisting of [A336][NO3] and DTPA in a column extractor.It is...A new approach was suggested in present work for improving the separation between Pr(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ)by a so-called kinetic "push and pull" system consisting of [A336][NO3] and DTPA in a column extractor.It is revealed that,when organic extractant [A336][NO3] is continuously pumped into the column extractor in the form of dispersed oil droplets and at the same time DTPA was injected into the aqueous feed solution whet the extraction was just started,the separatiot factor of Pr(Ⅲ) to Nd(Ⅲ),βPr/Nd,increased obviously with the time,and could even achieve 21.7.Such an amazing increase in βPr/Nd value might be due to the extraction rate of Pr(Ⅲ) by [A336][NO3] oil droplets being faster than that of Nd(Ⅲ),while the complexing rate of Nd(Ⅲ) with DTPA in the aqueous solutions being faster than that of Pr(III).The opposite order of the two rates for Pr(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ) result in their kinetic "push and pull" separation.In contrast,the βPr/Nd value in traditional thermodynamic separation reported in previous literatures is only around 5 or even less,even though using the same extractant [A336][NO3] and DTPA but by previously adding DTPA into the aqueous feed solutions for pre-complexing of Pr(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ).Various effects from the pH and addition amount of DTPA aqueous solutions,LiNO3 concentrations in initial aqueous feed solutions,the initial concentration ratios of Pr(Ⅲ) to Nd(Ⅲ) ions,the initial pH of aqueous feed solutions,and the concentrations of [A336][NO3] in organic phases,on the kinetic separatiot of Pr(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ) are discussed.The present work highlights a promising approach for separation of rare earths or other targets with extreme similarity in physicochemical properties.展开更多
Soil salinity is a worldwide problem threatening crop yields.Some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)could survive in high salt environment and assist plant adaptation to stress.Nevertheless,the genomic and met...Soil salinity is a worldwide problem threatening crop yields.Some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)could survive in high salt environment and assist plant adaptation to stress.Nevertheless,the genomic and metabolic features,as well as the regulatory mechanisms promoting salt tolerance in plants by these bacteria remain largely unknown.In the current work,a novel halotolerant PGPR strain,namely,Bacillus sp.strain RA can enhance tomato tolerance to salt stress.Comparative genomic analysis of strain RA with its closely related species indicated a high level of evolutionary plasticity exhibited by strain-specific genes and evolutionary constraints driven by purifying selection,which facilitated its genomic adaptation to salt-affected soils.The transcriptome further showed that strain RA could tolerate salt stress by balancing energy metabolism via the reprogramming of biosynthetic pathways.Plants exude a plethora of metabolites that can strongly influence plant fitness.The accumulation of myo-inositol in leaves under salt stress was observed,leading to the promotion of plant growth triggered by Bacillus sp.strain RA.Importantly,myo-inositol serves as a selective force in the assembly of the phyllosphere microbiome and the recruitment of plant-beneficial species.It promotes destabilizing properties in phyllosphere bacterial co-occurrence networks,but not in fungal networks.Furthermore,interdomain interactions between bacteria and fungi were strengthened by myo-inositol in response to salt stress.This work highlights the genetic adaptation of RA to salt-affected soils and its ability to impact phyllosphere microorganisms through the adjustment of myo-inositol metabolites,thereby imparting enduring resistance against salt stress in tomato.展开更多
Cyanobacteria are a group of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria with great potentials in biotechnological applications and advantages as models for photosynthesis research. The subcellular localizations of the majority ...Cyanobacteria are a group of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria with great potentials in biotechnological applications and advantages as models for photosynthesis research. The subcellular localizations of the majority of proteins in any cyanobacteria remain undetermined, representing a major challenge in using cyanobacteria for both basic and industrial researches. Here, using label-free quantitative proteomics, we map 2027 proteins of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, a model cyanobacterium, to different subcellular compartments and generate a proteome atlas with such information. The atlas leads to numerous unexpected but important findings, including the predominant localization of the histidine kinases Hik33 and Hik27 on the thylakoid but not the plasma membrane. Such information completely changes the concept regarding how the two kinases are activated. Together, the atlas provides subcellular localization information for nearly 60% proteome of a model cyanobacterium, and will serve as an important resource for the cyanobacterial research community.展开更多
Aquatic C02 assimilation results in storage in the oceans of〜24%of anthropogenic C02(〜40 petagrams per annum)released into the atmosphere and makes significant contributions to the global carbon cycle.These processes ...Aquatic C02 assimilation results in storage in the oceans of〜24%of anthropogenic C02(〜40 petagrams per annum)released into the atmosphere and makes significant contributions to the global carbon cycle.These processes are executed predominantly in phytoplankton in the oceans(including cyanobacteria),which account for nearly 50%of global primary productivity(~50 gigatons per annum)(Field et al.,1998).展开更多
The molecular mechanism of the maintenance and differentiation of plant stem cells is an eternal theme in studies on plant growth and development.Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)methods have com...The molecular mechanism of the maintenance and differentiation of plant stem cells is an eternal theme in studies on plant growth and development.Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)methods have completely changed the understanding of cell heterogeneity and cell function,allowing research precision to identify the differentiation trajectory of stem cells maintained and differentiated at the cellular level.This review aimed to mainly discuss the novel insights provided by scRNA-seq for the maintenance and initiation of plant stem cells,cell differentiation,cell response to environmental changes,and improvement strategies for scRNA-seq.In addition,it highlighted additional perspectives beyond scRNA-seq,such as spatial transcriptomes,epigenomes,and single-cell multiomics,for a renewed understanding of stem cell maintenance and cell differentiation,thus providing potential targets and theoretical foundations for crop improvement.展开更多
基金funded by Key Laboratory of Ionic Rare Earth Resources and Environment,Ministry of Natural Resources,China(No.2022IRERE206)financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51904027,52074031)。
文摘Based on a non-equilibrium kinetic extraction technique,the complexation kinetics of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid(DTPA)with rare earth(RE)ions was investigated with different adding sequences of DTPA.The results indicated that the separation factors ofβTm/Er andβY/Er were higher when adding DTPA at the start of extraction than those before extraction.The extraction order for Y,Er and Tm was Tm>Y>Er.The root of discrepancy in complexation kinetics of Y,Er and Tm ions with DTPA and the enhanced kinetic separation mechanism were elucidated from the forward complex formation and reverse dissociation rates by the stopped-flow spectrophotometric technique.The apparent complexation rate constants began to decrease gradually with the increase of aqueous pH,while increased with increasing DTPA concentration.The emergence of extraction priority order as Tm>Y>Er was verified according to the calculated reaction kinetic constants of Y,Er and Tm at different pH values.
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91935302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971812)Major Basic Research Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation (ZR2019ZD15)。
文摘Tillering contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Investigating the mechanisms of tillering provides a theoretical foundation and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of wheat.The regulation of tillering is a complex molecular process that involves a multitude of factors.Little is known about the molecular mechanisms in the wheat genome,although progress has been made in rice.Here we review the developmental characteristics of tillers and summarize current knowledge of the roles of endogenous and environmental factors in wheat tillering.We propose directions for future studies and advanced technologies to be used for gene identification and functional studies.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China(973ProgramNo.2013CB632602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51574213,51074150)
文摘A new method by liquid-liquid-liquid three phase system, consisting of acidified primary amine N1923 （abbreviated as A-N1923）, poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） and （NH4）2S04 aqueous solution, was suggested for the separation and simultaneous extraction of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） from the acidic leach solutions of high- chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite. Experimental results indicated that Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could be selectively enriched into the A-N1923 organic top phase and PEG-rich middle phase, respectively, while AI（Ⅲ） and other co-existing impurity ions, such as Si（Ⅳ）, Fe（Ⅲ）, Ti（Ⅳ）, Mg（Ⅱ） and Ca（Ⅱ） in acidic leach solutions, could be enriched in the （NH4）2SO4 bottom aqueous phase. During the process for extraction and separation of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ）, almost all of impurity ions could be removed. The separation factors between Ⅴ （Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could reach 630 and 908, respectively in the organic top phase and PEG middle phase, and yields of recovered Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） in the top phase and middle phase respectively were all above 90%. Various effects including aqueous pH, A-N1923 concentration, PEG added amount and （NH4）2SO4 concentration on three-phase partitioning of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） were discussed. It was found that the partition of Cr（Ⅵ） into the PEG-rich middle phase was driven by hydrophobic interaction, while extraction of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） by A-N1923 resulted of anion exchange between NO; and H2V10O4-28. Stripping of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） from the top organic phase and the middle PEG-rich phase were achieved by mixing respectively with NANO3 aqueous solutions and NaOH-（NH4）2SO4 solutions. The present work highlights a new approach for the extraction and purification of V and Cr from the complex multi-metal co-existing acidic leach solutions of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51904027,52074031,51574213)。
文摘It is difficult to achieve selective separation and enrichment of different rare earths from high abundance yttrium ores efficiently only dependent on their discrepancy in thermodynamic properties.The present work suggests a new strategy based on non-equilibrium kinetic separation of Er and Tm on the surface of freely rising oil droplets to control the separation order of Y.It is revealed that the mutual separation of Er/Tm is significantly promoted with the separation coefficient of 2.89 during the non-equilibrium extraction with the addition of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA).The extraction sequence of Tm,Er and Y can be controlled as Tm>Y>Er,thus Y can be selectively enriched during the process of separation of Er and Tm,Such a sequence is subject to the controllable dissociation rates of RE(Ⅲ)-DTPA complexes and extraction abilities of P507 with the three RE(Ⅲ)ions.The dissociation rate is dependent on the stabilities of RE(Ⅲ)-DTPA complexes and follows the sequence ofY(Ⅲ)—DTPA Er>Y to Tm>Y>Er.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1201702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272040)the Agricultural Fine Seed Project of Shandong Province,China(2021LZGC006)。
文摘Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal pollution, are the main environmental factors that limit crop growth and yield. Sorghum, a C4 grass plant with high photosynthetic efficiency, can grow in adverse environmental conditions due to its excellent stress resistance characteristics. Therefore, unraveling the stress-resistance mechanism of sorghum could provide a theoretical basis for developing and cultivating various stress-resistant crops. This understanding could also help to create a conducive environment for using marginal soil in agriculture and ensuring food security. In this review, we discuss the adaptation mechanisms of sorghum under drought, salinity, temperature, and soil heavy metal stresses, the specific response to stress, the screening of sorghum-resistant germplasm, and the identification and functional analysis of the relevant genes and quantitative trait loci(QTL). In addition, we discuss the application potential of different stress-tolerant sorghum germplasms reported to date and emphasize the feasibility and potential use in developing and promoting highly stress-tolerant sorghum in marginal soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51574213,51074150)the Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development(973 Program)(2012CBA01203).
文摘A new approach was suggested in present work for improving the separation between Pr(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ)by a so-called kinetic "push and pull" system consisting of [A336][NO3] and DTPA in a column extractor.It is revealed that,when organic extractant [A336][NO3] is continuously pumped into the column extractor in the form of dispersed oil droplets and at the same time DTPA was injected into the aqueous feed solution whet the extraction was just started,the separatiot factor of Pr(Ⅲ) to Nd(Ⅲ),βPr/Nd,increased obviously with the time,and could even achieve 21.7.Such an amazing increase in βPr/Nd value might be due to the extraction rate of Pr(Ⅲ) by [A336][NO3] oil droplets being faster than that of Nd(Ⅲ),while the complexing rate of Nd(Ⅲ) with DTPA in the aqueous solutions being faster than that of Pr(III).The opposite order of the two rates for Pr(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ) result in their kinetic "push and pull" separation.In contrast,the βPr/Nd value in traditional thermodynamic separation reported in previous literatures is only around 5 or even less,even though using the same extractant [A336][NO3] and DTPA but by previously adding DTPA into the aqueous feed solutions for pre-complexing of Pr(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ).Various effects from the pH and addition amount of DTPA aqueous solutions,LiNO3 concentrations in initial aqueous feed solutions,the initial concentration ratios of Pr(Ⅲ) to Nd(Ⅲ) ions,the initial pH of aqueous feed solutions,and the concentrations of [A336][NO3] in organic phases,on the kinetic separatiot of Pr(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ) are discussed.The present work highlights a promising approach for separation of rare earths or other targets with extreme similarity in physicochemical properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Research Foundation of China(Grant No.32272040)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1201702)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2022QC191)the Agricultural Fine Seed Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2021LZGC006)the Special Funds for TaiShan Scholars(Grant No.tsqn202211106).
文摘Soil salinity is a worldwide problem threatening crop yields.Some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)could survive in high salt environment and assist plant adaptation to stress.Nevertheless,the genomic and metabolic features,as well as the regulatory mechanisms promoting salt tolerance in plants by these bacteria remain largely unknown.In the current work,a novel halotolerant PGPR strain,namely,Bacillus sp.strain RA can enhance tomato tolerance to salt stress.Comparative genomic analysis of strain RA with its closely related species indicated a high level of evolutionary plasticity exhibited by strain-specific genes and evolutionary constraints driven by purifying selection,which facilitated its genomic adaptation to salt-affected soils.The transcriptome further showed that strain RA could tolerate salt stress by balancing energy metabolism via the reprogramming of biosynthetic pathways.Plants exude a plethora of metabolites that can strongly influence plant fitness.The accumulation of myo-inositol in leaves under salt stress was observed,leading to the promotion of plant growth triggered by Bacillus sp.strain RA.Importantly,myo-inositol serves as a selective force in the assembly of the phyllosphere microbiome and the recruitment of plant-beneficial species.It promotes destabilizing properties in phyllosphere bacterial co-occurrence networks,but not in fungal networks.Furthermore,interdomain interactions between bacteria and fungi were strengthened by myo-inositol in response to salt stress.This work highlights the genetic adaptation of RA to salt-affected soils and its ability to impact phyllosphere microorganisms through the adjustment of myo-inositol metabolites,thereby imparting enduring resistance against salt stress in tomato.
基金supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (31670234 to YW)the Strategic Priority Research Program (XDB No. 17030300)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No. 2015CB150100)。
文摘Cyanobacteria are a group of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria with great potentials in biotechnological applications and advantages as models for photosynthesis research. The subcellular localizations of the majority of proteins in any cyanobacteria remain undetermined, representing a major challenge in using cyanobacteria for both basic and industrial researches. Here, using label-free quantitative proteomics, we map 2027 proteins of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, a model cyanobacterium, to different subcellular compartments and generate a proteome atlas with such information. The atlas leads to numerous unexpected but important findings, including the predominant localization of the histidine kinases Hik33 and Hik27 on the thylakoid but not the plasma membrane. Such information completely changes the concept regarding how the two kinases are activated. Together, the atlas provides subcellular localization information for nearly 60% proteome of a model cyanobacterium, and will serve as an important resource for the cyanobacterial research community.
基金This project is supported by the Royal Society to L.-N.L.(UF120411,URRR\180030,NARR1X180433,RGREAX181061,RGREAN180233)the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council to L.-N.L.(BB/R003890/1,BB/M024202/1)+1 种基金the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship to F.H.(ECF-2016-778)the Overseas Doctoral Training Program and Graduate Mentor Visiting Program of Shandong Province to N.S.,and the National Natural Science Research Foundation of China to N.S.(31871538,U1906204).
文摘Aquatic C02 assimilation results in storage in the oceans of〜24%of anthropogenic C02(〜40 petagrams per annum)released into the atmosphere and makes significant contributions to the global carbon cycle.These processes are executed predominantly in phytoplankton in the oceans(including cyanobacteria),which account for nearly 50%of global primary productivity(~50 gigatons per annum)(Field et al.,1998).
基金support from the Development Plan for Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Provincial(2019KJE012)Shandong Province Key Research and Development Program(2019GSF107079)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Demonstration Project of “Bohai Granary” of Shandong Province(2019BHLC002)the National Natural Science Research Foundation of China(31871538,U1906204).
文摘The molecular mechanism of the maintenance and differentiation of plant stem cells is an eternal theme in studies on plant growth and development.Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)methods have completely changed the understanding of cell heterogeneity and cell function,allowing research precision to identify the differentiation trajectory of stem cells maintained and differentiated at the cellular level.This review aimed to mainly discuss the novel insights provided by scRNA-seq for the maintenance and initiation of plant stem cells,cell differentiation,cell response to environmental changes,and improvement strategies for scRNA-seq.In addition,it highlighted additional perspectives beyond scRNA-seq,such as spatial transcriptomes,epigenomes,and single-cell multiomics,for a renewed understanding of stem cell maintenance and cell differentiation,thus providing potential targets and theoretical foundations for crop improvement.
