Chemodynamic therapy(CDT) is a promising therapeutic approach for in situ cancer treatment, but it is still hindered by inefficient single-modality treatment and the weak targeted delivery of reagents into mitochondri...Chemodynamic therapy(CDT) is a promising therapeutic approach for in situ cancer treatment, but it is still hindered by inefficient single-modality treatment and the weak targeted delivery of reagents into mitochondria(the main site of intracellular ROS production). Herein, to obtain a multimodal strategy,peptide-assembled si RNA nanomicelles were prepared to confine ultrasmall MnOxin small silica cages(silicages), which is convenient for synergistic chemical and gene-regulated cancer therapy. Given the free energy and versatility of small silicages, as well as the excellent Fenton-like activity of ultrasmall MnOx,MnOx-inside-loaded silicages(10 nm) were prepared for CDT delivery to mitochondria. Subsequently, to obtain a synergistic CDT and gene silencing treatment, the peptide-mediated assembly of si RNA and MnOx-loaded silicages were employed to obtain silicage@MnOx-si RNA nanomicelles(SMS NMs). After multiple modifications, sequential cancer cell-targeted delivery, GSH-controlled reagent release of si RNA and mitochondria-targeted delivery of MnOx-loaded silicages were successfully achieved. Finally, by both in vitro and in vivo experiments, SMS NMs were confirmed to be effective for synergistic chemical and gene-regulated cancer therapy. Our findings expand the applications of silicages and initiate the development of multimodal CDT.展开更多
BACKGROUND Under physiological conditions,sputum produced during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)can move passively with the cilia in the airway;the sputum is gradually excreted from...BACKGROUND Under physiological conditions,sputum produced during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)can move passively with the cilia in the airway;the sputum is gradually excreted from the depth of the airways through the stimulation of the coughing reflex on the sensory nerve on the surface of the airway.However,when the sputum is thick,the cough is weak,or the tracheal cilia are abnormal,sputum accumulation may occur and affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung.Furthermore,the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in sputum may cause or aggravate the symptoms of pulmonary infection in patients,which is the main factor leading to AECOPD.Therefore,promoting effective drainage of sputum and maintaining airway opening are key points requiring clinical attention.AIM To explore the effect of refined nursing strategies in patients with AECOPD and dysphagia.METHODS We selected 126 patients with AECOPD and difficulty of expectoration at our hospital,and divided them into a refined care group and a routine care group,with 63 cases each,using a random number table.The two groups of patients were treated with expectorant,anti-infection,oxygen inhalation,and other basic treatment measures;patients in the refined care group were given refined nursing intervention during hospitalization,and the routine care group received conventional nursing intervention.The differences in sputum expectoration,negative pressure suction rate,blood gas parameters,dyspnea score measured through the tool developed by the Medical Research Council(MRC),and quality of life were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After 7 d of intervention,the sputum expectoration effect of the refined care group was 62.30%,the effective rate was 31.15%,and the inefficiency rate was 6.56%.The sputum expectoration effect of the routine care group was 44.07%,the effective rate was 42.37%,and the inefficiency rate was 13.56%.The refined care group had better sputum expectoration than the routine care group(P<0.05).The negative pressure suction rate in the refined care group was significantly lower than that of the routine care group during the treatment(22.95%vs 44.07%,P<0.05).Before the intervention,the arterial oxygen saturation(PaO2)and arterial carbon dioxide saturation(PaCO2)values were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05);the PaO2 and PaCO2 values in the refined care group were comparable to those in the routine care group after 7 d of intervention(P>0.05).Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in the MRC score between the two groups(P>0.05);the MRC score of the refined care group was lower than that of the routine care group after 7 d of intervention,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Before intervention,there was no significant difference in the symptoms,activities,disease impact,or St.George’s Respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ)total scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After 7 days of intervention,the symptoms,activities,and total score of SGRQ of the refined care group were higher than those of the routine care group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION AECOPD with thick sputum,weak coughing reflex,and abnormal tracheal cilia function will lead to sputum accumulation and affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung.Patients with AECOPD who have difficulty expectorating sputum may undergo refined nursing strategies that will promote expectoration,alleviate clinical symptoms,and improve the quality of life.展开更多
The rapid degradation of organic pollutants,process monitoring and online controlling to obtain advanced products and decreased by-products are great and challenging tasks in environmental treatments.Herein,an acceler...The rapid degradation of organic pollutants,process monitoring and online controlling to obtain advanced products and decreased by-products are great and challenging tasks in environmental treatments.Herein,an accelerated plasma degradation in milliseconds was achieved by combining electrospray-based acceleration and plasma-based degradation.Taking the degradation of chloroaniline as an example,97%of the degradation can be achieved in milliseconds.The velocity distribution of droplets was determined to be 40-50 m/s after being degraded for 0.30 ms,which exhibited different degradation behaviors in different milliseconds.Simultaneously,by virtue of the real-time and on-line detection ability of ambient mass spectrometry,intermediates,by-products and advanced products were monitored.Therefore,degradation mechanisms for different degradation times were proposed,which would provide theoretical guidance on obtaining efficient and green degradation.The fabrication,examining and understanding of accelerated plasma degradation not only enlarged application of accelerated reactions,but also promoted green and efficient degradation for environmental treatments.展开更多
The applications of fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)are coming to be one of the simplest and most accessible strategy with super-resolved optical measurements.Meanwhile,nanomaterials have become ideal for ...The applications of fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)are coming to be one of the simplest and most accessible strategy with super-resolved optical measurements.Meanwhile,nanomaterials have become ideal for constructing FRET-based system,due to their unique advantages of tunable emission,broad absorption,and long fluorescence(FL)lifetime.The limitations of traditional FRET-based detections,such as the intrinsic FL,auto-FL,as well as the short FL lifetime,could be overcome with nanomaterials.Consequently,numbers of FRET-based nanomaterials have been constructed for precise,sensitive and selective detections in biological systems.They could act as both energy donors and/or acceptors in the optical energy transfer process for biological detections.Some other nanomaterials would not participate in the energy transfer process,but act as the excellent matrix for modifications.The review will be roughly classified into nanomaterial-involved and uninvolved ones.Different detection targets,such as nucleic acids,pathogenic microorganisms,proteins,heavy metal ions,and other applications will be reviewed.Finally,the other biological applications,including environmental evaluation and mechanism studies would also be summarized.展开更多
Ferroptosis has exhibited great potential in therapies and intracellular reducing agents of sulfur species(RSSs) in the thiol-dependent redox systems are crucial in ferroptosis.This makes the simultaneous detection of...Ferroptosis has exhibited great potential in therapies and intracellular reducing agents of sulfur species(RSSs) in the thiol-dependent redox systems are crucial in ferroptosis.This makes the simultaneous detection of multiple RSSs significant for evaluating ferroptosis therapy.However,the traditional techniques,including fluorescent(FL) imaging and electrospray ionization-based mass spectrometry(MS) detection,cannot achieve the discrimination of different RSSs.Herein,simultaneous MS detection of multiple RSSs,including cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy),glutathione(GSH) and hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),was obtained upon enhancing ionization efficiency by a fluorescent probe(NBD-O-1).Based on the interaction between NBD-O-1 and RSSs,the complex of RSSs with a fragment of NBD-O-1 can be generated,which can be easily ionized for MS detection in the negative mode.Therefore,the intracellular RSSs can be well detected upon the incubation of He La cells with the probe of NBD-O-1,exhibiting the total RSS levels by the FL imaging and further providing expression of each RSS by enhanced MS detection.Furthermore,the RSSs during ferroptosis in He La cells have been evaluated using the present strategy,demonstrating the potential for ferroptosis examinations.This work has made an unconventional application of a fluorescent probe to enhance the detection of multiple RSSs by MS,providing significant molecular information for addressing the ferroptosis mechanism.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC, No. 21874012)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFC1805600)the financial support provided by NNSFC (No. 21974010)。
文摘Chemodynamic therapy(CDT) is a promising therapeutic approach for in situ cancer treatment, but it is still hindered by inefficient single-modality treatment and the weak targeted delivery of reagents into mitochondria(the main site of intracellular ROS production). Herein, to obtain a multimodal strategy,peptide-assembled si RNA nanomicelles were prepared to confine ultrasmall MnOxin small silica cages(silicages), which is convenient for synergistic chemical and gene-regulated cancer therapy. Given the free energy and versatility of small silicages, as well as the excellent Fenton-like activity of ultrasmall MnOx,MnOx-inside-loaded silicages(10 nm) were prepared for CDT delivery to mitochondria. Subsequently, to obtain a synergistic CDT and gene silencing treatment, the peptide-mediated assembly of si RNA and MnOx-loaded silicages were employed to obtain silicage@MnOx-si RNA nanomicelles(SMS NMs). After multiple modifications, sequential cancer cell-targeted delivery, GSH-controlled reagent release of si RNA and mitochondria-targeted delivery of MnOx-loaded silicages were successfully achieved. Finally, by both in vitro and in vivo experiments, SMS NMs were confirmed to be effective for synergistic chemical and gene-regulated cancer therapy. Our findings expand the applications of silicages and initiate the development of multimodal CDT.
文摘BACKGROUND Under physiological conditions,sputum produced during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)can move passively with the cilia in the airway;the sputum is gradually excreted from the depth of the airways through the stimulation of the coughing reflex on the sensory nerve on the surface of the airway.However,when the sputum is thick,the cough is weak,or the tracheal cilia are abnormal,sputum accumulation may occur and affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung.Furthermore,the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in sputum may cause or aggravate the symptoms of pulmonary infection in patients,which is the main factor leading to AECOPD.Therefore,promoting effective drainage of sputum and maintaining airway opening are key points requiring clinical attention.AIM To explore the effect of refined nursing strategies in patients with AECOPD and dysphagia.METHODS We selected 126 patients with AECOPD and difficulty of expectoration at our hospital,and divided them into a refined care group and a routine care group,with 63 cases each,using a random number table.The two groups of patients were treated with expectorant,anti-infection,oxygen inhalation,and other basic treatment measures;patients in the refined care group were given refined nursing intervention during hospitalization,and the routine care group received conventional nursing intervention.The differences in sputum expectoration,negative pressure suction rate,blood gas parameters,dyspnea score measured through the tool developed by the Medical Research Council(MRC),and quality of life were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After 7 d of intervention,the sputum expectoration effect of the refined care group was 62.30%,the effective rate was 31.15%,and the inefficiency rate was 6.56%.The sputum expectoration effect of the routine care group was 44.07%,the effective rate was 42.37%,and the inefficiency rate was 13.56%.The refined care group had better sputum expectoration than the routine care group(P<0.05).The negative pressure suction rate in the refined care group was significantly lower than that of the routine care group during the treatment(22.95%vs 44.07%,P<0.05).Before the intervention,the arterial oxygen saturation(PaO2)and arterial carbon dioxide saturation(PaCO2)values were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05);the PaO2 and PaCO2 values in the refined care group were comparable to those in the routine care group after 7 d of intervention(P>0.05).Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in the MRC score between the two groups(P>0.05);the MRC score of the refined care group was lower than that of the routine care group after 7 d of intervention,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Before intervention,there was no significant difference in the symptoms,activities,disease impact,or St.George’s Respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ)total scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After 7 days of intervention,the symptoms,activities,and total score of SGRQ of the refined care group were higher than those of the routine care group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION AECOPD with thick sputum,weak coughing reflex,and abnormal tracheal cilia function will lead to sputum accumulation and affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung.Patients with AECOPD who have difficulty expectorating sputum may undergo refined nursing strategies that will promote expectoration,alleviate clinical symptoms,and improve the quality of life.
基金the financial support provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1805600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21874012,21974010).
文摘The rapid degradation of organic pollutants,process monitoring and online controlling to obtain advanced products and decreased by-products are great and challenging tasks in environmental treatments.Herein,an accelerated plasma degradation in milliseconds was achieved by combining electrospray-based acceleration and plasma-based degradation.Taking the degradation of chloroaniline as an example,97%of the degradation can be achieved in milliseconds.The velocity distribution of droplets was determined to be 40-50 m/s after being degraded for 0.30 ms,which exhibited different degradation behaviors in different milliseconds.Simultaneously,by virtue of the real-time and on-line detection ability of ambient mass spectrometry,intermediates,by-products and advanced products were monitored.Therefore,degradation mechanisms for different degradation times were proposed,which would provide theoretical guidance on obtaining efficient and green degradation.The fabrication,examining and understanding of accelerated plasma degradation not only enlarged application of accelerated reactions,but also promoted green and efficient degradation for environmental treatments.
基金the financial support provided by the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2019YFC1805600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC,No.21874012)the financial support provided by the NNSFC(No.21974010).
文摘The applications of fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)are coming to be one of the simplest and most accessible strategy with super-resolved optical measurements.Meanwhile,nanomaterials have become ideal for constructing FRET-based system,due to their unique advantages of tunable emission,broad absorption,and long fluorescence(FL)lifetime.The limitations of traditional FRET-based detections,such as the intrinsic FL,auto-FL,as well as the short FL lifetime,could be overcome with nanomaterials.Consequently,numbers of FRET-based nanomaterials have been constructed for precise,sensitive and selective detections in biological systems.They could act as both energy donors and/or acceptors in the optical energy transfer process for biological detections.Some other nanomaterials would not participate in the energy transfer process,but act as the excellent matrix for modifications.The review will be roughly classified into nanomaterial-involved and uninvolved ones.Different detection targets,such as nucleic acids,pathogenic microorganisms,proteins,heavy metal ions,and other applications will be reviewed.Finally,the other biological applications,including environmental evaluation and mechanism studies would also be summarized.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2024YFA1509600)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22474010 and 22274012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2233300007)。
文摘Ferroptosis has exhibited great potential in therapies and intracellular reducing agents of sulfur species(RSSs) in the thiol-dependent redox systems are crucial in ferroptosis.This makes the simultaneous detection of multiple RSSs significant for evaluating ferroptosis therapy.However,the traditional techniques,including fluorescent(FL) imaging and electrospray ionization-based mass spectrometry(MS) detection,cannot achieve the discrimination of different RSSs.Herein,simultaneous MS detection of multiple RSSs,including cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy),glutathione(GSH) and hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),was obtained upon enhancing ionization efficiency by a fluorescent probe(NBD-O-1).Based on the interaction between NBD-O-1 and RSSs,the complex of RSSs with a fragment of NBD-O-1 can be generated,which can be easily ionized for MS detection in the negative mode.Therefore,the intracellular RSSs can be well detected upon the incubation of He La cells with the probe of NBD-O-1,exhibiting the total RSS levels by the FL imaging and further providing expression of each RSS by enhanced MS detection.Furthermore,the RSSs during ferroptosis in He La cells have been evaluated using the present strategy,demonstrating the potential for ferroptosis examinations.This work has made an unconventional application of a fluorescent probe to enhance the detection of multiple RSSs by MS,providing significant molecular information for addressing the ferroptosis mechanism.
