Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration,with the characteristic pathological change being death of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),which ultimately causes visual field loss a...Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration,with the characteristic pathological change being death of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),which ultimately causes visual field loss and irreversible blindness.Elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)remains the most important risk factor for glaucoma,but the exact mechanism responsible for the death of RGCs is currently unknown.Neurotrophic factor deficiency,impaired mitochondrial structure and function,disrupted axonal transport,disturbed Ca2+homeostasis,and activation of apoptotic and autophagic pathways play important roles in RGC death in glaucoma.This review was conducted using Web of Science,PubMed,Project,and other databases to summarize the relevant mechanisms of death of RGCs in glaucoma,in addition to outlining protective treatments to improve the degradation of RGCs.展开更多
Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)is an inflammatory condition in the laryngopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract mucosa caused by reflux of stomach contents beyond the esophagus.LPRD commonly presents with sympt...Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)is an inflammatory condition in the laryngopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract mucosa caused by reflux of stomach contents beyond the esophagus.LPRD commonly presents with symptoms such as hoarseness,cough,sore throat,a feeling of throat obstruction,excessive throat mucus.This complex condition is thought to involve both reflux and reflex mechanisms,but a clear understanding of its molecular mechanisms is still lacking.Currently,there is no standardized diagnosis or treatment protocol.Therapeutic strategies for LPRD mainly include lifestyle modifications,proton pump inhibitors and endoscopic surgery.This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature regarding the mechanisms,pathophysiology and treatment of LPRD.We also provide an in-depth exploration of the association between LPRD and gastroesophageal reflux disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tinnitus affects 10%-30%of the population.Recent evidence suggests that tinnitus is associated with spleen deficiency.However,compared with kidney deficiency-related tinnitus,less research has been conducte...BACKGROUND Tinnitus affects 10%-30%of the population.Recent evidence suggests that tinnitus is associated with spleen deficiency.However,compared with kidney deficiency-related tinnitus,less research has been conducted on the impact of spleen defi-ciency-related tinnitus.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of using Guipi Wan and dietary and lifestyle modification based on traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of patients with spleen and stomach deficiency-related tinnitus.METHODS We enrolled 110 patients with spleen and stomach deficiency-related tinnitus who were distributed into treatment(58 cases)and control(52 cases)groups.Tinnitus severity,sleep quality and emotional state were assessed by questionnaires[Tinnitus Evaluation Questionnaire(TEQ);Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI);Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21(DASS-21)]that were used for analysis in the two groups during the initial and intervention and after.In the treatment group,patients were treated with oral administration of Guipi Wan and consulted for healthy dietary and lifestyle modification.In the control group,patients were only assessed and not treated.RESULTS At the end of the 6-months,TEQ scores decreased significantly in the treatment group(P=0.021)but not in the Control group.Significant effects in the treatment group were noted for PSQI total score(P=0.043)and several PSQI component scores in the treatment group(P<0.05).After treatment,the DASS-21 scores were significantly reduced in the treatment group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Guipi Wan combined with dietary and lifestyle modification based on regulating the spleen and stomach can be considered core to the treatment of tinnitus related to spleen and stomach deficiency.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of bortezomib combined with dexamethasone and lenalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma.Methods:60 cases of multiple myeloma patients admitted to our hospital from January 2022 ...Objective:To analyze the effect of bortezomib combined with dexamethasone and lenalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma.Methods:60 cases of multiple myeloma patients admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected randomly,with 30 cases in each group.Bortezomib combined with dexamethasone was administered in the control group,and bortezomib combined with dexamethasone and lenalidomide was given to the observation group,and the treatment effect was analyzed.Results:After treatment,CD^(3+)and CD^(4+)of the observation group were higher than that of the control group,CD^(8+)was lower than that of the control group,and the total treatment efficiency was higher,which was statistically significant(P<0.05),and there was no difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Bortezomib combined with dexamethasone and lenalidomide is effective in the treatment of multiple myeloma as it regulates the immune function and is safe,thus it can be promoted in clinical practice.展开更多
Background:QiShenYiQi(QSYQ)is commonly accepted to treat ischemic stroke(IS)in clinical settings,yet the underlying mechanism of action of QSYQ is largely unknown.Methods:By combining systems pharmacology with experim...Background:QiShenYiQi(QSYQ)is commonly accepted to treat ischemic stroke(IS)in clinical settings,yet the underlying mechanism of action of QSYQ is largely unknown.Methods:By combining systems pharmacology with experimental assessment,we examined the key targets,bioactive components,and mechanisms of QSYQ against IS.Results:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform predicted a total number of 254 targets that were potentially related to QSYQ,whereas 699 targets associated with IS were gathered from Therapeutic Target Database,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,Gene Cards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,and National Center for Biotechnology Information databases,and 83 of these targets overlap with QSYQ-related targets.Importantly,through the analysis of Gene Ontology functional annotation,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment,and protein-protein interaction network,we identified 20 related signaling pathways along with 4 hub genes.Subsequently,our molecular docking results revealed that QSYQ might interact with PTGS2,PTGS1,SCN5A,and HSP90AB1.We observed dose-dependent beneficial effects of QSYQ in significantly improving neurological function and alleviating histopathological damage in middle cerebral artery occlusion model,while decreasing infarct volume.Notablely,QSYQ markedly downregulates tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1 beta.Overall,this study demonstrates the synergetic effects of QSYQ on regulating multi-targets in IS through inhibiting inflammatory processes and neuronal apoptosis,these findings may expand the understanding of QSYQ and provide guidance for its clinical application in treating IS.Conclusion:Current study reveals the protective roles of QSYQ against IS through modulating PTGS2/PTGS1/SCN5A/HSP90AB1 and TNF signaling pathways.展开更多
DNA methylation participates in regulating the expression of coding and non-coding regions in plants. To investigate the association between DNA methylation and pathogen infection, we used whole-genome bisulfite seque...DNA methylation participates in regulating the expression of coding and non-coding regions in plants. To investigate the association between DNA methylation and pathogen infection, we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to survey temporal DNA methylation changes in rice after infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In contrast to previous findings in Arabidopsis, global DNA methylation levels in rice increased slightly after rice blast infection. We identified over 38,000 differentially methylated regions(DMRs), and hypermethylated DMRs far outnumbered hypomethylated DMRs. Most DMRs were located in transposable element regions. Using transcriptome analysis, we identified 8830 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) after 1, 3, and 5 days of infection. Over one-third of DEGs, most of which were CHH-type DMRs, were associated with DMRs. Functional analysis of the CHH DMR-DEGs indicated their involvement in many important biological processes, including cell communication and response to external stimulus. The transcription of many NBS-LRR family genes was affected by changes in DNA methylation, suggesting that DNA methylation plays essential roles in the response of rice to M. oryzae infection. More broadly, the DNA methylation analysis presented here sheds light on epigenomic involvement in plant defense against fungal pathogens.展开更多
Boswellic acids is a general term for a series of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds that are isolated from the oleogin resin of the Boswellia genus and serve as the main active ingredient.It exhibits a wide range of ...Boswellic acids is a general term for a series of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds that are isolated from the oleogin resin of the Boswellia genus and serve as the main active ingredient.It exhibits a wide range of biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antibacterial,antiviral,hepatoprotective,neuroprotective,anti-diabetic,and anti-thrombotic properties.As a result,it has gained significant recognition among practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian medicine.These biological effects may be associated with multiple molecular targets and signal transduction pathways.However,the poor pharmacokinetic properties of the substance lead to lower bioavailability,which affects its effectiveness.To address this issue,scientists have proposed a number of strategies,such as solid dispersions,phytosome®technologies,and novel drug delivery systems.This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview for boswellic acids on the phytochemistry,molecular mechanisms,potential therapeutic applications,and strategies to improve bioavailability.展开更多
Flower development is one of the most vital pathways in plant development, during which the epigenetic regulation of gene expression is essential. DNA methylation, the most conserved epigenetic modification, participa...Flower development is one of the most vital pathways in plant development, during which the epigenetic regulation of gene expression is essential. DNA methylation, the most conserved epigenetic modification, participates in gene expression regulation and transposable element silencing. Honeysuckle(Lonicera japonica) is an important medicinal plant renowned for its colorful and fragrant flowers. Honeysuckle flowers change color from white to gold as a result of carotenoid accumulation during development. However, the role of DNA methylation in flower color changes is not well understood in L. japonica. Here, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and transcriptome sequencing during flowering development in honeysuckle. The results showed that a decrease in the levels of genome-wide average DNA methylation during flower development and changes in DNA methylation were associated with the expression of demethylase genes. Moreover, many genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation, such as Lj PSY1, LjPDS1, LjLCYE, and LjCCD4, have altered expression levels because of hypomethylation, indicating that DNA methylation plays an important role in flower color changes in honeysuckle. Taken together, our data provide epigenetic insights into flower development and color change in honeysuckles.展开更多
Background:Abdominal organs are important organs that sense and respond to ischemia and hypoxia,but there are few evaluation methods.We use ultrasonography to evaluate abdominal organ function and blood flow in patien...Background:Abdominal organs are important organs that sense and respond to ischemia and hypoxia,but there are few evaluation methods.We use ultrasonography to evaluate abdominal organ function and blood flow in patients with mechanical ventilation(MV)after cardiopulmonary bypass and to obtain a semiquantitative score for abdominal organ function and blood flow.Methods:Patients with cardiopulmonary bypass in the Critical Care Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in China from March to July 2021 were enrolled in this prospective observational study.The correlation of the abdominal-visceral-blood-flow-and-function score(AVBFS)with the duration of MV,number of days spent in the intensive care unit(ICU),acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II(APACHE-II),sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA),lactate,epinephrine,and norepinephrine use was analyzed,and the results were used to assess the predictive value of the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)regression analysis score for the duration of MV.Results:Of the 92 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass,41 were finally included.The AVBFS were significantly correlated with the duration of MV,number of days spent in the ICU,APACHE-II score,SOFA score,and norepinephrine use time.The AVBFS in a group of patients using ventilators≥36 h were significantly higher than those obtained for a group of patients using ventilators<36 h(P<0.05).The evaluation results for the AVBFS at 0-12 h after ICU admission were as follows:area under the ROC curve(AUC)=0.876(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.767 to 0.984),cut-off value=2.5,specificity=0.842,and sensitivity=0.773.Conclusions:Abdominal visceral organ function and blood perfusion can be used to evaluate gastrointestinal function.It is related to early and late extubation after cardiac surgery.展开更多
Emerged evidence has indicated that immunosuppression is involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis.To provide clinical practice recommendations on the immune function in sepsis,an expert consensus focusing ...Emerged evidence has indicated that immunosuppression is involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis.To provide clinical practice recommendations on the immune function in sepsis,an expert consensus focusing on the monitoring and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression was developed.Literature related to the immune monitoring and treatment of sepsis were retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to design items and expert opinions were collected through an online questionnaire.Then,the Delphi method was used to form consensus opinions,and RAND appropriateness method was developed to provide consistency evaluation and recommendation levels for consensus opinions.This consensus achieved satisfactory results through two rounds of questionnaire survey,with 2 statements rated as perfect consistency,13 as very good consistency,and 9 as good consistency.After summarizing the results,a total of 14 strong recommended opinions,8 weak recommended opinions and 2 non-recommended opinions were produced.Finally,a face-to-face discussion of the consensus opinions was performed through an online meeting,and all judges unanimously agreed on the content of this consensus.In summary,this expert consensus provides a preliminary guidance for the monitoring and treatment of immunosuppression in patients with sepsis.展开更多
Background： Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell- 1 （TREM- 1） may play a vital role in mammalian target ofrapamycin （mTOR） modulation ofCD8＋ T-cell differentiation through the transcription factors T-bo...Background： Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell- 1 （TREM- 1） may play a vital role in mammalian target ofrapamycin （mTOR） modulation ofCD8＋ T-cell differentiation through the transcription factors T-box expressed in T-cells and eomesodermin during the immune response to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis （IPA）. This study aimed to investigate whether the roTOR signaling pathway modulates the proliferation and differentiation of CD8＋ T-cells during the immune response to I PA and the role TREM-1 plays in this process. Methods： Cyclophosphamide （CTX） was injected intraperitoneally, and Asl？e;gillus.[mnigams spore suspension was inoculated intranasally to establish the immunosuppressed IPA mouse model. After inoculation, rapamycin （2 mg-kg ·d -1） or interleukin （IL）-12 （5 μg/kg every other day） was given for 7 days. The number of CD8＋ effector memory T-cells （Tern）, expression of interferon （IFN）-y, roTOR, and ribosomal protein $6 kinase （S6K）, and the levels of IL-6, IL- 10, galactomannan （GM）, and soluble TREM- 1 （sTREM-I） were measured. Results： Viable A. fumigatus was cultured from the lung tissue of the inoculated mice. Histological examination indicated greater inflammation, hemorrhage, and lung tissue injury in both IPA and CTX ＋ IPA mice groups. The expression of mTOR and S6K was significantly increased in the CTX ＋ IPA ＋ I L- 12 group compared with the control, I PA （P = 0.01 ; P - 0.001 ）, and CTX ＋ 1PA （P = 0.034; P = 0.032） groups, but significantly decreased in the CTX ＋ IPA ＋ RAPA group （P 〈 0.001 ）. Compared with the CTX ＋ IPA group, the proportion of Tern, expression of IFN-y, and the level ofsTREM-I were significantly higher after IL-12 treatment （P = 0.024, P = 0.032, and P = 0.017, respectively）, and the opposite results were observed when the roTOR pathway was blocked by rapamycin （P 〈 0.001）. Compared with the CTX ＋ I PA and CTX ＋ I PA ＋ RAPA groups, IL-12 treatment increased IL-6 and downregulated IL- 10 as well as G M, which strengthened the immune response to the IPA infection. Conclusions： mTOR modulates CD8＋ T-cell differentiation during the immune response to IPA. TREM-1 may play a vital role in signal transduction between mTOR and the downstream immune response.展开更多
Background： Aspergillosis infection is common in the patients with insufficient immunity. The role of mammalian target of rapamycin （roTOR）, T-box expressed in T-cells （T-bet）, and eomesodermin （EOMES） in media...Background： Aspergillosis infection is common in the patients with insufficient immunity. The role of mammalian target of rapamycin （roTOR）, T-box expressed in T-cells （T-bet）, and eomesodermin （EOMES） in mediating T lymphocytes differentiation in response to Aspep,gilhls.fumigatus infection in immunocompromised rats was investigated in this study. Methods： lnvasive pulmonary aspergillosis （IPA） ofimmunosuppressive twenty male rats were established and sacrificed at 24 h （n = 5）, 48 h （n = 5）, 72 11 （n = 5）, and 96 h （n = 5） atter A.Jumigatus infection. In addition, control （n = 5）, cyclophospharnide （CTX） （n = 5）, and aspergillosis （n = 5） group were also established the tissues and pathology of lung tissue was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. CD8＋ T-cells was sorted by flow cytometry. Serum roTOR, S6K, T-bet, and EOMES were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results： Histology of lung tissue indicated severe lung tissue injury including infiltration of inflammatory cells, alveolar wall damage or degradation, blood congestion, and hemorrhage in the CTX, IPA, and CTX ＋ IPA rats. Hyphae were seen in the IPA, and CTX ＋ IPA groups. The proportion of CD8^＋ T-cells was significantly increased in the animals ofCTX ＋ IPA. Memory CD8＋ T-cells was significantly increased in early stage （24 h and 48 h, P 〈 0.001）, but decreased in the late phase of fungal infection （72 h and 96 h） in the animals of CTX ＋ IPA. In addition, at early stage of fungal infection （24 h and 48 h）, serum mTOR （P 〈 0.001 ）, S6K （P 〈 0.001 ）, and T-bet （P 〈 0.05） was significantly higher, while EOMES was significantly lower （P 〈 0.001 ）, in CTX ＋ IPA group than that in control, CTX alone or 1PA alone group. Conversely, serum roTOR, S6K, T-bet, and EOMES showed opposite changed in the late stage （72 h and 96 h）. Pearson＇s correlation analysis indicated that mTOR and S6K were significantly correlated with T-bet （r = 0.901 and 0.91, respectively, P 〈 0.001 ）, but negatively and significantly correlated with EOMES （r = -0.758 and -0.751, respectively, P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusions： mTOR may regulate transcription factors of EOMES and T-bet, and by which mechanism, it may modulate lymphocytes differentiation in animals with immune suppression and fungal infection.展开更多
Worldwide,gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths and the fifth most common malignant tumor.Gastric cancer is believed to be caused by a variety of factors,such as genetics,epigenetics,and environm...Worldwide,gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths and the fifth most common malignant tumor.Gastric cancer is believed to be caused by a variety of factors,such as genetics,epigenetics,and environmental influences.Among the pathogenic factors,inflammation has been considered as one of the main risk factors for gastric cancer.There are currently limited ways to prevent gastric cancer.Although the combined application of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the risk,it has great side effects and can easily cause gastric perforation or gastric bleeding.Therefore,an alternative plan is urgently needed.Curcumin is the yellow pigment in the rhizome of the plant turmeric.Current studies have found that curcumin has a protective effect on gastric mucosal damage caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,gastric mucosal damage in rats,and gastric mucosal damage caused by stress bleeding and Helicobacter pylori infection.Curcumin shows significant antiinflammatory and anti-cancer activities by regulating DNA methylation,histone modification,nuclear factor erythrocyte 2 related factor 2 and other related signal pathways.In this article,the latest evidence of curcumin for epigenetic changes in gastric cancer and its potential contribution to gastric cancer were discussed.展开更多
Background: At present, there is no available delirium translated assessment method for 3.3 million Tibetans. This study ai provide a method for delirium assessment for Tibetan patients speaking this language by valid...Background: At present, there is no available delirium translated assessment method for 3.3 million Tibetans. This study ai provide a method for delirium assessment for Tibetan patients speaking this language by validating a translation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Methods: The study was conducted between July 2018 and November 2018. Patients were screened for delirium by a neurologist using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV). Patients were subsequently screened by two nurses using Tibetan translations of the CAM-ICU. With DSM-IV criterion as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated to assess the validity of the CAM-ICU criterion. Interrater reliability was determined by comparing the CAM-ICU ratings of nurse 1 vs. nurse 2 using the k coefficient. Results: Ninety-six patients were assessed independently by two nurses and one neurologist. According to DSM-IV standard, 42 out of 96 (43.8%) patients developed delirium. The sensitivities of Tibetan CAM-ICU were 90.5% for nurse 1 and 92.9% for nurse 2, respectively. Their specificities were 85.2% and 90.7%, respectively. The PPV were 82.6% for nurse 1 and 88.6% for nurse 2. Their NPV were 92.0% and 94.2%, respectively. The Tibetan CAM-ICU was done with good interrater reliability between nurse 1 and nurse 2 (k=0.91, P<0.001). Conclusion: The Tibetan CAM-ICU shows good validity and might be incorporated into clinical practice in Tibetan Intensive Care Units.展开更多
Background：Recent studies have indicated that autophagy is involved in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.This study aimed to investigate the change of autophagy in cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）-induced myoc...Background：Recent studies have indicated that autophagy is involved in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.This study aimed to investigate the change of autophagy in cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）-induced myocardium dysfunction and its relationship with mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway.Methods：Totally,12 rats were randomly divided into CLP group or sham-operated （SHAM） group.Cardiac tissues were harvested 18 h after CLP or sham operation.Pathology was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining,cardiac functions by echocardiography,distribution ofmicrotubule-associated protein light chain 3 type Ⅱ （LC3II） by immunohistochemical staining,and autophagic vacuoles by transmission electron microscopy.Moreover,phosphorylation of mTOR （p-mTOR）,phosphorylation of S6 kinase-1 （PS6K1）,and LC3II and p62 expression were measured by western blotting.Pearson＇s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation of two parameters.Results：The results by pathology and echocardiography revealed that there was obvious myocardial injury in CLP rats （left ventricle ejection fraction：SHAM 0.76 ± 0.06 vs.CLP 0.59 ± 0.l l,P 〈 0.01;fractional shortening：SHAM 0.51 ± 0.09 vs.CLP 0.37 ± 0.06,P 〈 0.05）.We also found that the autophagy process was elevated by CLE the ratio of LC3II/LC3I was increased （P 〈 0.05） while the expression of p62 was decreased （P 〈 0.05） in the CLP rats,and there were also more autophagosomes and autolysosomes in the CLP rats.Furthermore,the mTOR pathway in CLP myocardium was inhibited when compared with the sham-operated rats;p-mTOR （P 〈 0.01） and PS6K 1 （P 〈 0.05） were both significantly suppressed following CLP challenge.Interestingly,we found that the mTOR pathway was closely correlated with the autophagy processes.In our study,while p-mTOR in the myocardium was significantly correlated with p62 （r=0.66,P =0.02）,PS6K1 was significantly positively correlated with p62 （r =0.70,P =0.01） and negatively correlated with LC31I （r =-0.71,P =0.01）.Conclusions：The autophagy process in the myocardium was accelerated in CLP rats,which was closely correlated with the inhibition of the mTOR pathway.展开更多
Host alternation, an obligatory seasonal shifting between host plants of distant genetic relationship, has had significant consequences for the diversification and success of the superfamily of aphids. However, the un...Host alternation, an obligatory seasonal shifting between host plants of distant genetic relationship, has had significant consequences for the diversification and success of the superfamily of aphids. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the molecular mechanism of host alternation was explored through a large-scale gene expression analysis of the mealy aphid Hyalopterus persikonus on winter and summer host plants. More than four times as many unigenes of the mealy aphid were significantly upregulated on summer host Phragmites australis than on winter host Rosaceae plants. In order to identify gene candidates related to host alternation, the differentially expressed unigenes of H. persikonus were compared to salivary gland expressed genes and secretome of Acyrthosiphon pisum. Genes involved in ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation and with molecular functions of heme-copper terminal oxidase activity, hydrolase activity and ribosome binding were potentially upregulated in salivary glands of//. persikonus on the summer host. Putative secretory proteins, such as detoxification enzymes （carboxylesterases and cytochrome P450s）, antioxidant enzymes （peroxidase and superoxide dismutase）, glutathione peroxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, eadherin, and calreticulin, were highly expressed in H. persikonus on the summer host, while a SCP GAPR-I-like family protein and a salivary sheath protein were highly expressed in the aphids on winter hosts. These results shed light on phenotypic plasticity in host utilization and seasonal adaptation of aphids.展开更多
The anisotropy of thermal property in an Yb,Nd∶Sc_(2)SiO_(5) crystal is investigated from the temperature of 293 to 573 K. Based on the systematical study of thermal expansion, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat,...The anisotropy of thermal property in an Yb,Nd∶Sc_(2)SiO_(5) crystal is investigated from the temperature of 293 to 573 K. Based on the systematical study of thermal expansion, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat, the thermal conductivity in Yb,Nd∶Sc_(2)SiO_(5) crystals orientated at(100),(010),(001), and(406) is calculated to be 3.46, 2.60, 3.35, and 3.68 W=/(m·K),respectively. The laser output anisotropy of a continuous-wave(CW) and tunable laser is characterized, accordingly. A maximum output power of 6.09 W is achieved in the Yb,Nd∶Sc_(2)SiO_(5) crystal with(010) direction, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 48.56%. The tuning wavelength range in the Yb,Nd∶Sc_(2)SiO_(5) crystal orientated at(100),(010), and(001) is 68, 67,and 65 nm, separately. The effects of thermal properties on CW laser performance are discussed.展开更多
Sepsis refers to multiple organ dysfunction caused by the host’s dysfunctional response to infection.Most importantly,myocardial injury in septic patients,that is,septic cardiomyopathy(SIC),accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of...Sepsis refers to multiple organ dysfunction caused by the host’s dysfunctional response to infection.Most importantly,myocardial injury in septic patients,that is,septic cardiomyopathy(SIC),accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the total number of hospital deaths.The pathogenesis of SIC remains largely unclear,for which in-depth exploration is of great significance to improve the clinical prognosis of this patient population.Ferroptosis was discovered as a form of regulated cell death in 2012,which is characterized by iron dependence and lipid peroxide accumulation.It has long been thought that ferroptosis plays a deleterious role in the pathophysiology of various diseases.Recently,the role of ferroptosis in the occurrence and development of SIC has attracted extensive attention,warranting further studies.展开更多
With a Nd:ScYSiO5 crystal, a high peak power electro-optically Q-switched 1.0 μm laser and tri-wavelength laser operations at the 1.3 μm band are both investigated. With a rubidium titanyle phosphate(RTP) electro-op...With a Nd:ScYSiO5 crystal, a high peak power electro-optically Q-switched 1.0 μm laser and tri-wavelength laser operations at the 1.3 μm band are both investigated. With a rubidium titanyle phosphate(RTP) electro-optical switcher and a polarization beam splitter, a high signal-to-noise ratio 1.0 μm laser is obtained, generating a shortest pulse width of 30 ns, a highest pulse energy of 0.765 mJ, and a maximum peak power of 25.5 kW,respectively. The laser mode at the highest laser energy level is the TEM200 mode with the Mvalue in the X and Y directions to be Mx2= 1.52 and My2= 1.54. A tri-wavelength Nd:ScYSiO5 crystal laser at 1.3 μm is also investigated. A maximum tri-wavelength output power is 1.03 W under the absorbed pump power of7 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 14.8%. The properties of the output wavelength are fully studied under different absorbed pump power.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070964)Shaanxi Provincial Outstanding Youth Science Foundation Project(No.2022JC-60)+1 种基金Shaanxi International Science and Technology Cooperation Program Project(No.2024GHYBXM-20)Shaanxi Provincial Education Department Youth Innovation Team Research Project(No.23JP151).
文摘Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration,with the characteristic pathological change being death of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),which ultimately causes visual field loss and irreversible blindness.Elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)remains the most important risk factor for glaucoma,but the exact mechanism responsible for the death of RGCs is currently unknown.Neurotrophic factor deficiency,impaired mitochondrial structure and function,disrupted axonal transport,disturbed Ca2+homeostasis,and activation of apoptotic and autophagic pathways play important roles in RGC death in glaucoma.This review was conducted using Web of Science,PubMed,Project,and other databases to summarize the relevant mechanisms of death of RGCs in glaucoma,in addition to outlining protective treatments to improve the degradation of RGCs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,2020YFC2005202.
文摘Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)is an inflammatory condition in the laryngopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract mucosa caused by reflux of stomach contents beyond the esophagus.LPRD commonly presents with symptoms such as hoarseness,cough,sore throat,a feeling of throat obstruction,excessive throat mucus.This complex condition is thought to involve both reflux and reflex mechanisms,but a clear understanding of its molecular mechanisms is still lacking.Currently,there is no standardized diagnosis or treatment protocol.Therapeutic strategies for LPRD mainly include lifestyle modifications,proton pump inhibitors and endoscopic surgery.This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature regarding the mechanisms,pathophysiology and treatment of LPRD.We also provide an in-depth exploration of the association between LPRD and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
基金National Key Research Foundation Project,No.2020YFC2005202.
文摘BACKGROUND Tinnitus affects 10%-30%of the population.Recent evidence suggests that tinnitus is associated with spleen deficiency.However,compared with kidney deficiency-related tinnitus,less research has been conducted on the impact of spleen defi-ciency-related tinnitus.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of using Guipi Wan and dietary and lifestyle modification based on traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of patients with spleen and stomach deficiency-related tinnitus.METHODS We enrolled 110 patients with spleen and stomach deficiency-related tinnitus who were distributed into treatment(58 cases)and control(52 cases)groups.Tinnitus severity,sleep quality and emotional state were assessed by questionnaires[Tinnitus Evaluation Questionnaire(TEQ);Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI);Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21(DASS-21)]that were used for analysis in the two groups during the initial and intervention and after.In the treatment group,patients were treated with oral administration of Guipi Wan and consulted for healthy dietary and lifestyle modification.In the control group,patients were only assessed and not treated.RESULTS At the end of the 6-months,TEQ scores decreased significantly in the treatment group(P=0.021)but not in the Control group.Significant effects in the treatment group were noted for PSQI total score(P=0.043)and several PSQI component scores in the treatment group(P<0.05).After treatment,the DASS-21 scores were significantly reduced in the treatment group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Guipi Wan combined with dietary and lifestyle modification based on regulating the spleen and stomach can be considered core to the treatment of tinnitus related to spleen and stomach deficiency.
基金Shandong Medical Association Clinical Research Specialization(YXH2022ZX03231)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of bortezomib combined with dexamethasone and lenalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma.Methods:60 cases of multiple myeloma patients admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected randomly,with 30 cases in each group.Bortezomib combined with dexamethasone was administered in the control group,and bortezomib combined with dexamethasone and lenalidomide was given to the observation group,and the treatment effect was analyzed.Results:After treatment,CD^(3+)and CD^(4+)of the observation group were higher than that of the control group,CD^(8+)was lower than that of the control group,and the total treatment efficiency was higher,which was statistically significant(P<0.05),and there was no difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Bortezomib combined with dexamethasone and lenalidomide is effective in the treatment of multiple myeloma as it regulates the immune function and is safe,thus it can be promoted in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82274313)Projects of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2022-SLRH-YQ-010)Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology.
文摘Background:QiShenYiQi(QSYQ)is commonly accepted to treat ischemic stroke(IS)in clinical settings,yet the underlying mechanism of action of QSYQ is largely unknown.Methods:By combining systems pharmacology with experimental assessment,we examined the key targets,bioactive components,and mechanisms of QSYQ against IS.Results:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform predicted a total number of 254 targets that were potentially related to QSYQ,whereas 699 targets associated with IS were gathered from Therapeutic Target Database,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,Gene Cards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,and National Center for Biotechnology Information databases,and 83 of these targets overlap with QSYQ-related targets.Importantly,through the analysis of Gene Ontology functional annotation,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment,and protein-protein interaction network,we identified 20 related signaling pathways along with 4 hub genes.Subsequently,our molecular docking results revealed that QSYQ might interact with PTGS2,PTGS1,SCN5A,and HSP90AB1.We observed dose-dependent beneficial effects of QSYQ in significantly improving neurological function and alleviating histopathological damage in middle cerebral artery occlusion model,while decreasing infarct volume.Notablely,QSYQ markedly downregulates tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1 beta.Overall,this study demonstrates the synergetic effects of QSYQ on regulating multi-targets in IS through inhibiting inflammatory processes and neuronal apoptosis,these findings may expand the understanding of QSYQ and provide guidance for its clinical application in treating IS.Conclusion:Current study reveals the protective roles of QSYQ against IS through modulating PTGS2/PTGS1/SCN5A/HSP90AB1 and TNF signaling pathways.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2018J06006)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300700)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770156)State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops(SKL2018006)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents of Fujian Province Universitythe Pre-eminent Youth Fund and Distinguished Young Scholars of Fujian Provincesupported by the Supercomputing Center at the College of Plant Protection of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University。
文摘DNA methylation participates in regulating the expression of coding and non-coding regions in plants. To investigate the association between DNA methylation and pathogen infection, we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to survey temporal DNA methylation changes in rice after infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In contrast to previous findings in Arabidopsis, global DNA methylation levels in rice increased slightly after rice blast infection. We identified over 38,000 differentially methylated regions(DMRs), and hypermethylated DMRs far outnumbered hypomethylated DMRs. Most DMRs were located in transposable element regions. Using transcriptome analysis, we identified 8830 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) after 1, 3, and 5 days of infection. Over one-third of DEGs, most of which were CHH-type DMRs, were associated with DMRs. Functional analysis of the CHH DMR-DEGs indicated their involvement in many important biological processes, including cell communication and response to external stimulus. The transcription of many NBS-LRR family genes was affected by changes in DNA methylation, suggesting that DNA methylation plays essential roles in the response of rice to M. oryzae infection. More broadly, the DNA methylation analysis presented here sheds light on epigenomic involvement in plant defense against fungal pathogens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274313)Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2023GHZD43).
文摘Boswellic acids is a general term for a series of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds that are isolated from the oleogin resin of the Boswellia genus and serve as the main active ingredient.It exhibits a wide range of biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antibacterial,antiviral,hepatoprotective,neuroprotective,anti-diabetic,and anti-thrombotic properties.As a result,it has gained significant recognition among practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian medicine.These biological effects may be associated with multiple molecular targets and signal transduction pathways.However,the poor pharmacokinetic properties of the substance lead to lower bioavailability,which affects its effectiveness.To address this issue,scientists have proposed a number of strategies,such as solid dispersions,phytosome®technologies,and novel drug delivery systems.This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview for boswellic acids on the phytochemistry,molecular mechanisms,potential therapeutic applications,and strategies to improve bioavailability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 32160142, 81873095)。
文摘Flower development is one of the most vital pathways in plant development, during which the epigenetic regulation of gene expression is essential. DNA methylation, the most conserved epigenetic modification, participates in gene expression regulation and transposable element silencing. Honeysuckle(Lonicera japonica) is an important medicinal plant renowned for its colorful and fragrant flowers. Honeysuckle flowers change color from white to gold as a result of carotenoid accumulation during development. However, the role of DNA methylation in flower color changes is not well understood in L. japonica. Here, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and transcriptome sequencing during flowering development in honeysuckle. The results showed that a decrease in the levels of genome-wide average DNA methylation during flower development and changes in DNA methylation were associated with the expression of demethylase genes. Moreover, many genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation, such as Lj PSY1, LjPDS1, LjLCYE, and LjCCD4, have altered expression levels because of hypomethylation, indicating that DNA methylation plays an important role in flower color changes in honeysuckle. Taken together, our data provide epigenetic insights into flower development and color change in honeysuckles.
基金supported by the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-D-005 and 2022-PUMCH-B-115)。
文摘Background:Abdominal organs are important organs that sense and respond to ischemia and hypoxia,but there are few evaluation methods.We use ultrasonography to evaluate abdominal organ function and blood flow in patients with mechanical ventilation(MV)after cardiopulmonary bypass and to obtain a semiquantitative score for abdominal organ function and blood flow.Methods:Patients with cardiopulmonary bypass in the Critical Care Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in China from March to July 2021 were enrolled in this prospective observational study.The correlation of the abdominal-visceral-blood-flow-and-function score(AVBFS)with the duration of MV,number of days spent in the intensive care unit(ICU),acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II(APACHE-II),sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA),lactate,epinephrine,and norepinephrine use was analyzed,and the results were used to assess the predictive value of the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)regression analysis score for the duration of MV.Results:Of the 92 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass,41 were finally included.The AVBFS were significantly correlated with the duration of MV,number of days spent in the ICU,APACHE-II score,SOFA score,and norepinephrine use time.The AVBFS in a group of patients using ventilators≥36 h were significantly higher than those obtained for a group of patients using ventilators<36 h(P<0.05).The evaluation results for the AVBFS at 0-12 h after ICU admission were as follows:area under the ROC curve(AUC)=0.876(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.767 to 0.984),cut-off value=2.5,specificity=0.842,and sensitivity=0.773.Conclusions:Abdominal visceral organ function and blood perfusion can be used to evaluate gastrointestinal function.It is related to early and late extubation after cardiac surgery.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81730057,82130062)the Key Project of Military Medical Innovation Program of Chinese PLA(18CXZ026)+1 种基金the Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine(2020B1111170005)the Sun Yat?sen University Clinical Research Program 5010(2019002)。
文摘Emerged evidence has indicated that immunosuppression is involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis.To provide clinical practice recommendations on the immune function in sepsis,an expert consensus focusing on the monitoring and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression was developed.Literature related to the immune monitoring and treatment of sepsis were retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to design items and expert opinions were collected through an online questionnaire.Then,the Delphi method was used to form consensus opinions,and RAND appropriateness method was developed to provide consistency evaluation and recommendation levels for consensus opinions.This consensus achieved satisfactory results through two rounds of questionnaire survey,with 2 statements rated as perfect consistency,13 as very good consistency,and 9 as good consistency.After summarizing the results,a total of 14 strong recommended opinions,8 weak recommended opinions and 2 non-recommended opinions were produced.Finally,a face-to-face discussion of the consensus opinions was performed through an online meeting,and all judges unanimously agreed on the content of this consensus.In summary,this expert consensus provides a preliminary guidance for the monitoring and treatment of immunosuppression in patients with sepsis.
文摘Background： Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell- 1 （TREM- 1） may play a vital role in mammalian target ofrapamycin （mTOR） modulation ofCD8＋ T-cell differentiation through the transcription factors T-box expressed in T-cells and eomesodermin during the immune response to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis （IPA）. This study aimed to investigate whether the roTOR signaling pathway modulates the proliferation and differentiation of CD8＋ T-cells during the immune response to I PA and the role TREM-1 plays in this process. Methods： Cyclophosphamide （CTX） was injected intraperitoneally, and Asl？e;gillus.[mnigams spore suspension was inoculated intranasally to establish the immunosuppressed IPA mouse model. After inoculation, rapamycin （2 mg-kg ·d -1） or interleukin （IL）-12 （5 μg/kg every other day） was given for 7 days. The number of CD8＋ effector memory T-cells （Tern）, expression of interferon （IFN）-y, roTOR, and ribosomal protein $6 kinase （S6K）, and the levels of IL-6, IL- 10, galactomannan （GM）, and soluble TREM- 1 （sTREM-I） were measured. Results： Viable A. fumigatus was cultured from the lung tissue of the inoculated mice. Histological examination indicated greater inflammation, hemorrhage, and lung tissue injury in both IPA and CTX ＋ IPA mice groups. The expression of mTOR and S6K was significantly increased in the CTX ＋ IPA ＋ I L- 12 group compared with the control, I PA （P = 0.01 ; P - 0.001 ）, and CTX ＋ 1PA （P = 0.034; P = 0.032） groups, but significantly decreased in the CTX ＋ IPA ＋ RAPA group （P 〈 0.001 ）. Compared with the CTX ＋ IPA group, the proportion of Tern, expression of IFN-y, and the level ofsTREM-I were significantly higher after IL-12 treatment （P = 0.024, P = 0.032, and P = 0.017, respectively）, and the opposite results were observed when the roTOR pathway was blocked by rapamycin （P 〈 0.001）. Compared with the CTX ＋ I PA and CTX ＋ I PA ＋ RAPA groups, IL-12 treatment increased IL-6 and downregulated IL- 10 as well as G M, which strengthened the immune response to the IPA infection. Conclusions： mTOR modulates CD8＋ T-cell differentiation during the immune response to IPA. TREM-1 may play a vital role in signal transduction between mTOR and the downstream immune response.
文摘Background： Aspergillosis infection is common in the patients with insufficient immunity. The role of mammalian target of rapamycin （roTOR）, T-box expressed in T-cells （T-bet）, and eomesodermin （EOMES） in mediating T lymphocytes differentiation in response to Aspep,gilhls.fumigatus infection in immunocompromised rats was investigated in this study. Methods： lnvasive pulmonary aspergillosis （IPA） ofimmunosuppressive twenty male rats were established and sacrificed at 24 h （n = 5）, 48 h （n = 5）, 72 11 （n = 5）, and 96 h （n = 5） atter A.Jumigatus infection. In addition, control （n = 5）, cyclophospharnide （CTX） （n = 5）, and aspergillosis （n = 5） group were also established the tissues and pathology of lung tissue was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. CD8＋ T-cells was sorted by flow cytometry. Serum roTOR, S6K, T-bet, and EOMES were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results： Histology of lung tissue indicated severe lung tissue injury including infiltration of inflammatory cells, alveolar wall damage or degradation, blood congestion, and hemorrhage in the CTX, IPA, and CTX ＋ IPA rats. Hyphae were seen in the IPA, and CTX ＋ IPA groups. The proportion of CD8^＋ T-cells was significantly increased in the animals ofCTX ＋ IPA. Memory CD8＋ T-cells was significantly increased in early stage （24 h and 48 h, P 〈 0.001）, but decreased in the late phase of fungal infection （72 h and 96 h） in the animals of CTX ＋ IPA. In addition, at early stage of fungal infection （24 h and 48 h）, serum mTOR （P 〈 0.001 ）, S6K （P 〈 0.001 ）, and T-bet （P 〈 0.05） was significantly higher, while EOMES was significantly lower （P 〈 0.001 ）, in CTX ＋ IPA group than that in control, CTX alone or 1PA alone group. Conversely, serum roTOR, S6K, T-bet, and EOMES showed opposite changed in the late stage （72 h and 96 h）. Pearson＇s correlation analysis indicated that mTOR and S6K were significantly correlated with T-bet （r = 0.901 and 0.91, respectively, P 〈 0.001 ）, but negatively and significantly correlated with EOMES （r = -0.758 and -0.751, respectively, P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusions： mTOR may regulate transcription factors of EOMES and T-bet, and by which mechanism, it may modulate lymphocytes differentiation in animals with immune suppression and fungal infection.
基金supported by Chief Scientist of Qi-Huang Project of National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation"One Hundred Million"Talent Project(2021)Qi-Huang Scholar of National Traditional Chinese Medicine Leading Talents Support Program(2018)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program。
文摘Worldwide,gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths and the fifth most common malignant tumor.Gastric cancer is believed to be caused by a variety of factors,such as genetics,epigenetics,and environmental influences.Among the pathogenic factors,inflammation has been considered as one of the main risk factors for gastric cancer.There are currently limited ways to prevent gastric cancer.Although the combined application of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the risk,it has great side effects and can easily cause gastric perforation or gastric bleeding.Therefore,an alternative plan is urgently needed.Curcumin is the yellow pigment in the rhizome of the plant turmeric.Current studies have found that curcumin has a protective effect on gastric mucosal damage caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,gastric mucosal damage in rats,and gastric mucosal damage caused by stress bleeding and Helicobacter pylori infection.Curcumin shows significant antiinflammatory and anti-cancer activities by regulating DNA methylation,histone modification,nuclear factor erythrocyte 2 related factor 2 and other related signal pathways.In this article,the latest evidence of curcumin for epigenetic changes in gastric cancer and its potential contribution to gastric cancer were discussed.
基金a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81601657).
文摘Background: At present, there is no available delirium translated assessment method for 3.3 million Tibetans. This study ai provide a method for delirium assessment for Tibetan patients speaking this language by validating a translation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Methods: The study was conducted between July 2018 and November 2018. Patients were screened for delirium by a neurologist using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV). Patients were subsequently screened by two nurses using Tibetan translations of the CAM-ICU. With DSM-IV criterion as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated to assess the validity of the CAM-ICU criterion. Interrater reliability was determined by comparing the CAM-ICU ratings of nurse 1 vs. nurse 2 using the k coefficient. Results: Ninety-six patients were assessed independently by two nurses and one neurologist. According to DSM-IV standard, 42 out of 96 (43.8%) patients developed delirium. The sensitivities of Tibetan CAM-ICU were 90.5% for nurse 1 and 92.9% for nurse 2, respectively. Their specificities were 85.2% and 90.7%, respectively. The PPV were 82.6% for nurse 1 and 88.6% for nurse 2. Their NPV were 92.0% and 94.2%, respectively. The Tibetan CAM-ICU was done with good interrater reliability between nurse 1 and nurse 2 (k=0.91, P<0.001). Conclusion: The Tibetan CAM-ICU shows good validity and might be incorporated into clinical practice in Tibetan Intensive Care Units.
基金The work was supported by a grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81601657）.
文摘Background：Recent studies have indicated that autophagy is involved in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.This study aimed to investigate the change of autophagy in cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）-induced myocardium dysfunction and its relationship with mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway.Methods：Totally,12 rats were randomly divided into CLP group or sham-operated （SHAM） group.Cardiac tissues were harvested 18 h after CLP or sham operation.Pathology was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining,cardiac functions by echocardiography,distribution ofmicrotubule-associated protein light chain 3 type Ⅱ （LC3II） by immunohistochemical staining,and autophagic vacuoles by transmission electron microscopy.Moreover,phosphorylation of mTOR （p-mTOR）,phosphorylation of S6 kinase-1 （PS6K1）,and LC3II and p62 expression were measured by western blotting.Pearson＇s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation of two parameters.Results：The results by pathology and echocardiography revealed that there was obvious myocardial injury in CLP rats （left ventricle ejection fraction：SHAM 0.76 ± 0.06 vs.CLP 0.59 ± 0.l l,P 〈 0.01;fractional shortening：SHAM 0.51 ± 0.09 vs.CLP 0.37 ± 0.06,P 〈 0.05）.We also found that the autophagy process was elevated by CLE the ratio of LC3II/LC3I was increased （P 〈 0.05） while the expression of p62 was decreased （P 〈 0.05） in the CLP rats,and there were also more autophagosomes and autolysosomes in the CLP rats.Furthermore,the mTOR pathway in CLP myocardium was inhibited when compared with the sham-operated rats;p-mTOR （P 〈 0.01） and PS6K 1 （P 〈 0.05） were both significantly suppressed following CLP challenge.Interestingly,we found that the mTOR pathway was closely correlated with the autophagy processes.In our study,while p-mTOR in the myocardium was significantly correlated with p62 （r=0.66,P =0.02）,PS6K1 was significantly positively correlated with p62 （r =0.70,P =0.01） and negatively correlated with LC31I （r =-0.71,P =0.01）.Conclusions：The autophagy process in the myocardium was accelerated in CLP rats,which was closely correlated with the inhibition of the mTOR pathway.
文摘Host alternation, an obligatory seasonal shifting between host plants of distant genetic relationship, has had significant consequences for the diversification and success of the superfamily of aphids. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the molecular mechanism of host alternation was explored through a large-scale gene expression analysis of the mealy aphid Hyalopterus persikonus on winter and summer host plants. More than four times as many unigenes of the mealy aphid were significantly upregulated on summer host Phragmites australis than on winter host Rosaceae plants. In order to identify gene candidates related to host alternation, the differentially expressed unigenes of H. persikonus were compared to salivary gland expressed genes and secretome of Acyrthosiphon pisum. Genes involved in ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation and with molecular functions of heme-copper terminal oxidase activity, hydrolase activity and ribosome binding were potentially upregulated in salivary glands of//. persikonus on the summer host. Putative secretory proteins, such as detoxification enzymes （carboxylesterases and cytochrome P450s）, antioxidant enzymes （peroxidase and superoxide dismutase）, glutathione peroxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, eadherin, and calreticulin, were highly expressed in H. persikonus on the summer host, while a SCP GAPR-I-like family protein and a salivary sheath protein were highly expressed in the aphids on winter hosts. These results shed light on phenotypic plasticity in host utilization and seasonal adaptation of aphids.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2020MF115)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFA0701000)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61875106, 61775123, and U1830104)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Nos.2019GGX104039 and 2019GGX104053)the SDUSTR esearch Fund (No. 2019TDJH103)。
文摘The anisotropy of thermal property in an Yb,Nd∶Sc_(2)SiO_(5) crystal is investigated from the temperature of 293 to 573 K. Based on the systematical study of thermal expansion, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat, the thermal conductivity in Yb,Nd∶Sc_(2)SiO_(5) crystals orientated at(100),(010),(001), and(406) is calculated to be 3.46, 2.60, 3.35, and 3.68 W=/(m·K),respectively. The laser output anisotropy of a continuous-wave(CW) and tunable laser is characterized, accordingly. A maximum output power of 6.09 W is achieved in the Yb,Nd∶Sc_(2)SiO_(5) crystal with(010) direction, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 48.56%. The tuning wavelength range in the Yb,Nd∶Sc_(2)SiO_(5) crystal orientated at(100),(010), and(001) is 68, 67,and 65 nm, separately. The effects of thermal properties on CW laser performance are discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072226)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z201100005520049).
文摘Sepsis refers to multiple organ dysfunction caused by the host’s dysfunctional response to infection.Most importantly,myocardial injury in septic patients,that is,septic cardiomyopathy(SIC),accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the total number of hospital deaths.The pathogenesis of SIC remains largely unclear,for which in-depth exploration is of great significance to improve the clinical prognosis of this patient population.Ferroptosis was discovered as a form of regulated cell death in 2012,which is characterized by iron dependence and lipid peroxide accumulation.It has long been thought that ferroptosis plays a deleterious role in the pathophysiology of various diseases.Recently,the role of ferroptosis in the occurrence and development of SIC has attracted extensive attention,warranting further studies.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2018GGX102005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.61775123)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao(No.18-2-2-11-jch)the SDUST Research Fund(Nos.2019TDJH103 and SDKDYC190212)
文摘With a Nd:ScYSiO5 crystal, a high peak power electro-optically Q-switched 1.0 μm laser and tri-wavelength laser operations at the 1.3 μm band are both investigated. With a rubidium titanyle phosphate(RTP) electro-optical switcher and a polarization beam splitter, a high signal-to-noise ratio 1.0 μm laser is obtained, generating a shortest pulse width of 30 ns, a highest pulse energy of 0.765 mJ, and a maximum peak power of 25.5 kW,respectively. The laser mode at the highest laser energy level is the TEM200 mode with the Mvalue in the X and Y directions to be Mx2= 1.52 and My2= 1.54. A tri-wavelength Nd:ScYSiO5 crystal laser at 1.3 μm is also investigated. A maximum tri-wavelength output power is 1.03 W under the absorbed pump power of7 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 14.8%. The properties of the output wavelength are fully studied under different absorbed pump power.
