Objective Chinese allergic subjects have high levels of sensitization to house dust mite （HDM） and other indoor allergens. This study quantifies common indoor allergen levels in Chinese households. Methods Dust samp...Objective Chinese allergic subjects have high levels of sensitization to house dust mite （HDM） and other indoor allergens. This study quantifies common indoor allergen levels in Chinese households. Methods Dust samples were collected from nine cities. Major allergens Der p 1 and Der f I from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, and specific antigens of Blomia tropicalis, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus siro, and cockroach species Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana were measured by ELISA.Results HDM allergens were found in dust samples from bedding in 95% of the Chinese households. The median levels varied from 〈0.006 to 9.2 μg/g of dust, depending on the city. The percentages of households having HDM allergen levels associated with the risk of developing allergy sensitization and asthma were 65% and 25%, respectively. Specific antigens of the storage mite and cockroach were only found in samples from the southern and tropical regions of China. Levels of mite allergens were generally higher in samples from bedding compared to samples from the living room, even for storage mites, whereas levels of cockroach antigens were higher in the living room samples.Conclusion HDM allergens are present in bedding dust samples from most Chinese households. Cities in southern and central China have relatively high levels of HDM major allergens compared to cities in northern and western China. Antigens of storage mites and cockroaches are not as common as HDM allergens.展开更多
通过问卷调查研究了住宅环境中病态建筑综合征（sick Building syndrome，SBS）患病率和相关的危险因素．在2010年12月到2011年4月期间，课题组通过对重庆市的幼儿园进行随机抽样，一共有5299名3-6岁儿童的父亲或母亲回答并返回了调查...通过问卷调查研究了住宅环境中病态建筑综合征（sick Building syndrome，SBS）患病率和相关的危险因素．在2010年12月到2011年4月期间，课题组通过对重庆市的幼儿园进行随机抽样，一共有5299名3-6岁儿童的父亲或母亲回答并返回了调查问卷．儿童家长的SBS患病率（每周出现SBS的百分比）如下：一般性症状为11．4％；黏膜性症状为7．1％；皮肤性症状为4．4％．应用多元逻辑回归（通过控制家长的性别和哮喘／过敏性鼻炎／湿疹的影响）方法的分析结果表明：住宅靠近交通干线或高速公路是一般性症状、黏膜性症状和皮肤性症状的强烈危险因素（调整比值比aOR分别为：aOR=2．16，P〈0．001；aOR=2．69，P〈0．001；aOR=1．63，P〈0．01）；装修是一般性症状、黏膜性症状和皮肤性症状的危险因素（aOR分别为：aOR=2．00，P〈0．001：aOR=1．66，P〈0．01：aOR=1．66，P〈0．05）；新家具是一般性症状和皮肤性症状的危险因素（aOR分别为：aOR=2．16，P〈0．001；aOR=1．67，P〈0．01）．潮湿问题（霉点、湿点、水损和窗户凝水）、报告出现蟑螂、老鼠、蚊子／苍蝇及使用熏香均是SBS的危险因素．保护性因素包括每天清洁儿童的卧室和经常晾晒被褥．本研究表明成年人的病态建筑综合征与住宅环境相关．展开更多
Prenatal and early life home environment might be related to children’s asthma or allergic diseases later in life.A cross-sectional epidemiological study was designed and a questionnaire survey was performed in 3700 ...Prenatal and early life home environment might be related to children’s asthma or allergic diseases later in life.A cross-sectional epidemiological study was designed and a questionnaire survey was performed in 3700 preschool children in urban areas in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province,China.Questions on children’s asthma and allergic diseases from the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC)were integrated with questions on home environment from the Swedish Dampness in Buildings and Health(DBH)study,appropriately modified for Chinese life habits.By multivariate regression analyses controlling for age,gender,heredity,location in urban/suburban or rural areas,environmental tobacco smoke(ETS)and breastfeeding,we found that home new furniture(HNF)before birth(referring to 1 year before pregnancy and during pregnancy)was positively associated with wheezing ever(odds ratio(OR)1.23 with 95%CI of 1.03–1.48)and wheezing last 12 months(1.24,1.00–1.54),allergic rhinitis(AR)(1.26,1.06–1.51),and eczema(1.42,1.01–1.99).HNF between 0–1 years old was also positively associated with wheezing last 12 months.Home new decoration(HND)during 0–1 years old was positively associated with AR symptoms and eczema symptoms,more in the last 12 months.Stronger positive associations were found for signs of home mold and dampness with almost all children’s asthmatic and allergic symptoms(OR ranging from 1.23–1.85,P<0.05).By mutual adjustment between HNF before children’s birth and home mold or dampness,all the significance remained unchanged.Prenatal HNF and home mold or dampness was independently associated with children’s asthmatic and allergic diseases later in life.展开更多
In order to evaluate the prevalence of childhood asthma,allergic diseases and pneumonia in Urumqi City,China,as well as its associations with housing and home characteristics,a cross-sectional study was performed in 4...In order to evaluate the prevalence of childhood asthma,allergic diseases and pneumonia in Urumqi City,China,as well as its associations with housing and home characteristics,a cross-sectional study was performed in 4618 children(81.7%response rate,average age 4.7±0.9 year,boys accounting for 53.7%).Questions on children’s asthma and allergic diseases were from the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC)and were integrated with questions on the home environment from the Dampness in Buildings and Health(DBH)study,slightly modified to account for Chinese building characteristics and life habits.The prevalences of physician diagnosed asthma,allergic rhinitis(AR)and pneumonia were 3.6%,8.7%and 40.9%,respectively.One fourth of children reported wheezing and more than 40%AR symptoms in the last 12 months.Controlling for confounding factors,positive associations were found for home mold/dampness and wheezing(adjusted odds ratio,aOR 1.33,95%CI 1.07 1.66),AR symptoms(1.34,1.09 1.64)last 12 months and physician diagnosed pneumonia(1.33,1.09 1.62).Floor material by wood,PVC or carpeting;and walls by wallpaper,painting or wood material,were positively associated with AR symptoms.Home environmental tobacco smoke(ETS)was positively associated with wheezing(1.23,1.04 1.46)and pneumonia(1.25,1.07 1.45).In conclusion,there was a relatively high prevalence of asthmatic and AR symptoms and diagnosed pneumonia in preschool children in Urumqi.Home signs of mold growth or dampness,windowpane condensation,as well as ETS and interior surface materials emitting chemicals were risk factors for allergic symptoms and pneumonia.展开更多
The prevalence and risk factors of sick building syndrome(SBS)symptoms in domestic environments were studied by a questionnaire survey on the home environment.Parents of 5299 3–6 years old children from randomly sele...The prevalence and risk factors of sick building syndrome(SBS)symptoms in domestic environments were studied by a questionnaire survey on the home environment.Parents of 5299 3–6 years old children from randomly selected kindergartens in Chongqing,China returned completed questionnaires between December 2010 and April 2011.The prevalence of parents’SBS symptoms(often(every week)compared with never)were:11.4%for general symptoms,7.1%for mucosal symptoms and 4.4%for skin symptoms.Multiple logistic regressions were applied controlling for gender and asthma/allergic rhinitis/eczema.Living near a main road or highway was a strong risk factor for general symptoms(adjusted odds ratio,aOR=2.16,P<0.001),skin symptoms(aOR=2.69,P<0.001),and mucosal symptoms(aOR=1.63,P<0.01).Redecoration was a risk factor for general symptoms(aOR=2.00,P<0.001),skin symptoms(aOR=1.66,P<0.01),and mucosal symptoms(aOR=1.66,P<0.05).New furniture was a risk factor for general symptoms(aOR=2.16,P<0.001)and skin symptoms(aOR=1.67,P<0.01).Dampness related problems(mould spot,damp stain,water damage and condensation)were all risk factors for SBS symptoms,as was the presence of cockroaches,rats,and mosquitoes/flies and use of incense.Protective factors include cleaning the child’s bedroom every day and frequently exposing bedding to sunshine.In conclusion,adults’SBS symptoms were related to factors of the home environment.展开更多
文摘Objective Chinese allergic subjects have high levels of sensitization to house dust mite （HDM） and other indoor allergens. This study quantifies common indoor allergen levels in Chinese households. Methods Dust samples were collected from nine cities. Major allergens Der p 1 and Der f I from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, and specific antigens of Blomia tropicalis, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus siro, and cockroach species Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana were measured by ELISA.Results HDM allergens were found in dust samples from bedding in 95% of the Chinese households. The median levels varied from 〈0.006 to 9.2 μg/g of dust, depending on the city. The percentages of households having HDM allergen levels associated with the risk of developing allergy sensitization and asthma were 65% and 25%, respectively. Specific antigens of the storage mite and cockroach were only found in samples from the southern and tropical regions of China. Levels of mite allergens were generally higher in samples from bedding compared to samples from the living room, even for storage mites, whereas levels of cockroach antigens were higher in the living room samples.Conclusion HDM allergens are present in bedding dust samples from most Chinese households. Cities in southern and central China have relatively high levels of HDM major allergens compared to cities in northern and western China. Antigens of storage mites and cockroaches are not as common as HDM allergens.
文摘通过问卷调查研究了住宅环境中病态建筑综合征（sick Building syndrome，SBS）患病率和相关的危险因素．在2010年12月到2011年4月期间，课题组通过对重庆市的幼儿园进行随机抽样，一共有5299名3-6岁儿童的父亲或母亲回答并返回了调查问卷．儿童家长的SBS患病率（每周出现SBS的百分比）如下：一般性症状为11．4％；黏膜性症状为7．1％；皮肤性症状为4．4％．应用多元逻辑回归（通过控制家长的性别和哮喘／过敏性鼻炎／湿疹的影响）方法的分析结果表明：住宅靠近交通干线或高速公路是一般性症状、黏膜性症状和皮肤性症状的强烈危险因素（调整比值比aOR分别为：aOR=2．16，P〈0．001；aOR=2．69，P〈0．001；aOR=1．63，P〈0．01）；装修是一般性症状、黏膜性症状和皮肤性症状的危险因素（aOR分别为：aOR=2．00，P〈0．001：aOR=1．66，P〈0．01：aOR=1．66，P〈0．05）；新家具是一般性症状和皮肤性症状的危险因素（aOR分别为：aOR=2．16，P〈0．001；aOR=1．67，P〈0．01）．潮湿问题（霉点、湿点、水损和窗户凝水）、报告出现蟑螂、老鼠、蚊子／苍蝇及使用熏香均是SBS的危险因素．保护性因素包括每天清洁儿童的卧室和经常晾晒被褥．本研究表明成年人的病态建筑综合征与住宅环境相关．
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800894,71173045,21207083)
文摘Prenatal and early life home environment might be related to children’s asthma or allergic diseases later in life.A cross-sectional epidemiological study was designed and a questionnaire survey was performed in 3700 preschool children in urban areas in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province,China.Questions on children’s asthma and allergic diseases from the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC)were integrated with questions on home environment from the Swedish Dampness in Buildings and Health(DBH)study,appropriately modified for Chinese life habits.By multivariate regression analyses controlling for age,gender,heredity,location in urban/suburban or rural areas,environmental tobacco smoke(ETS)and breastfeeding,we found that home new furniture(HNF)before birth(referring to 1 year before pregnancy and during pregnancy)was positively associated with wheezing ever(odds ratio(OR)1.23 with 95%CI of 1.03–1.48)and wheezing last 12 months(1.24,1.00–1.54),allergic rhinitis(AR)(1.26,1.06–1.51),and eczema(1.42,1.01–1.99).HNF between 0–1 years old was also positively associated with wheezing last 12 months.Home new decoration(HND)during 0–1 years old was positively associated with AR symptoms and eczema symptoms,more in the last 12 months.Stronger positive associations were found for signs of home mold and dampness with almost all children’s asthmatic and allergic symptoms(OR ranging from 1.23–1.85,P<0.05).By mutual adjustment between HNF before children’s birth and home mold or dampness,all the significance remained unchanged.Prenatal HNF and home mold or dampness was independently associated with children’s asthmatic and allergic diseases later in life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800894,71173045)
文摘In order to evaluate the prevalence of childhood asthma,allergic diseases and pneumonia in Urumqi City,China,as well as its associations with housing and home characteristics,a cross-sectional study was performed in 4618 children(81.7%response rate,average age 4.7±0.9 year,boys accounting for 53.7%).Questions on children’s asthma and allergic diseases were from the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC)and were integrated with questions on the home environment from the Dampness in Buildings and Health(DBH)study,slightly modified to account for Chinese building characteristics and life habits.The prevalences of physician diagnosed asthma,allergic rhinitis(AR)and pneumonia were 3.6%,8.7%and 40.9%,respectively.One fourth of children reported wheezing and more than 40%AR symptoms in the last 12 months.Controlling for confounding factors,positive associations were found for home mold/dampness and wheezing(adjusted odds ratio,aOR 1.33,95%CI 1.07 1.66),AR symptoms(1.34,1.09 1.64)last 12 months and physician diagnosed pneumonia(1.33,1.09 1.62).Floor material by wood,PVC or carpeting;and walls by wallpaper,painting or wood material,were positively associated with AR symptoms.Home environmental tobacco smoke(ETS)was positively associated with wheezing(1.23,1.04 1.46)and pneumonia(1.25,1.07 1.45).In conclusion,there was a relatively high prevalence of asthmatic and AR symptoms and diagnosed pneumonia in preschool children in Urumqi.Home signs of mold growth or dampness,windowpane condensation,as well as ETS and interior surface materials emitting chemicals were risk factors for allergic symptoms and pneumonia.
基金supported by the Key National Project of Physical Science(50838009)National Technology Support Project(2012BAJ02B06)
文摘The prevalence and risk factors of sick building syndrome(SBS)symptoms in domestic environments were studied by a questionnaire survey on the home environment.Parents of 5299 3–6 years old children from randomly selected kindergartens in Chongqing,China returned completed questionnaires between December 2010 and April 2011.The prevalence of parents’SBS symptoms(often(every week)compared with never)were:11.4%for general symptoms,7.1%for mucosal symptoms and 4.4%for skin symptoms.Multiple logistic regressions were applied controlling for gender and asthma/allergic rhinitis/eczema.Living near a main road or highway was a strong risk factor for general symptoms(adjusted odds ratio,aOR=2.16,P<0.001),skin symptoms(aOR=2.69,P<0.001),and mucosal symptoms(aOR=1.63,P<0.01).Redecoration was a risk factor for general symptoms(aOR=2.00,P<0.001),skin symptoms(aOR=1.66,P<0.01),and mucosal symptoms(aOR=1.66,P<0.05).New furniture was a risk factor for general symptoms(aOR=2.16,P<0.001)and skin symptoms(aOR=1.67,P<0.01).Dampness related problems(mould spot,damp stain,water damage and condensation)were all risk factors for SBS symptoms,as was the presence of cockroaches,rats,and mosquitoes/flies and use of incense.Protective factors include cleaning the child’s bedroom every day and frequently exposing bedding to sunshine.In conclusion,adults’SBS symptoms were related to factors of the home environment.
