接受降压药物治疗的患者,即使血压控制良好,与非高血压个体的理想风险水平相比,仍有较高的风险发展为动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)。本文研究假设残余风险可以根据尿白蛋白排泄率(urinary alb...接受降压药物治疗的患者,即使血压控制良好,与非高血压个体的理想风险水平相比,仍有较高的风险发展为动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)。本文研究假设残余风险可以根据尿白蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion,UAE)进行分层。方法:共纳入13082例血压<160/100 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).展开更多
Objective:To describe young monozy gotic twin sisters with fundus albipunctatus(a type of autosomal recessive sta-tionary night blindness caused by mu tations of the 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase geneRDH5)associated wi...Objective:To describe young monozy gotic twin sisters with fundus albipunctatus(a type of autosomal recessive sta-tionary night blindness caused by mu tations of the 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase geneRDH5)associated with cone dystrophy,previously reported in e lderly men.Methods:Ophthalmologic examinations were p erformed,and the RDH5gene was analyzed by direct genomic sequencing.Results:Twin 23-year-old sisters with high myopic refrac-tive errors of approximately -13dio pters were diagnosed as having fundus albipunctatus.Their photopic electroretino-graphic responses were markedly red uced,and cone dys-trophy was diagnosed.One twin had ma cular degeneration with reduced best-corrected visual acuity,while the other twin had normal maculae with good vis ual acuity.A com-pound heterozygous mutation,Val132Met and Arg280His,in the RDH5gene was found in both sisters.Conclusions:Cone dystrophy can be present in pati ents with fundus al-bipunctatus,not only elderly men bu t also young women.The clinical severity differed betw een monozygotic twins with fundus albipunctatus and cone d ystrophy.Clinical Relevance:The patients sex is not critical for the presence of cone dystrophy in patients with fu ndus albipunctatus.The discordant findings in the twins indicate that factors other than genetics influenced the p henotype.展开更多
氢可以从各种再生能源中产生,因此预计,氢将会在社会长期能源需求中起到重要作用。传统氢发动机存在的一些缺点是:冷却损失较高导致热效率较低,以及不正常燃烧(回火、早燃、燃烧速度较快)限制了大负荷运行。氢燃料直接喷射是克服这些缺...氢可以从各种再生能源中产生,因此预计,氢将会在社会长期能源需求中起到重要作用。传统氢发动机存在的一些缺点是:冷却损失较高导致热效率较低,以及不正常燃烧(回火、早燃、燃烧速度较快)限制了大负荷运行。氢燃料直接喷射是克服这些缺点的一种有效办法,但是要实现高效率和低氮氧化物(NOx)排放的燃烧方法还需要进行更详细的研究。采用一种试验性氢高压喷射器(最大喷射压力30 MPa)对高效率和低NOx排放的氢燃烧进行了研究。采用1台2.2 L 4缸涡流形燃烧室柴油机进行试验,氢喷射器安装在气缸中心,火花塞安装在预热塞位置。为了能向1个气缸提供氢气,对这台发动机进行了改装。通过控制喷油定时和点火定时研究了氢气的均相和分层燃烧。另外,还研究了联合使用火花点火的扩散燃烧(即火花点燃辅助扩散燃烧)。结果显示,采用高压直喷的分层扩散燃烧与传统的均相燃烧相比,指示热效率提高了约3%。热效率提高的原因是:(1)分层扩散燃烧改善了冷却损失与等容度之间的折衷关系;(2)接近上止点喷射的压力恢复效应十分有利于热效率的提高;(3)在废气再循环(EGR)与扩散燃烧相结合的情况下,能使EGR更为有效。通过抑制喷束的贯穿度以减少较多的冷却损失,使这台小型发动机达到了52%的优良指示热效率,并通过计算流体动力学和可视化缸内燃烧研究得到了证实。另外,还获得了一些有价值的认识:EGR除湿能增加工作气体的比热比,并能在降低NOx的同时提高热效率。展开更多
A new rotational band has been identified and assigned to 188Au for the first time using the 173Yb(19F,4nγ) reaction at the beam energies of 86 and 90 MeV. This band is proposed to be built on the πh9/2 νi13/2 c...A new rotational band has been identified and assigned to 188Au for the first time using the 173Yb(19F,4nγ) reaction at the beam energies of 86 and 90 MeV. This band is proposed to be built on the πh9/2 νi13/2 configuration by comparing the band properties with known bands in neighboring nuclei. The prolate-to-oblate shape transition through triaxial shape has been proposed to occur around 188Au for the πh9/2 νi13/2 bands in odd-odd Au isotopes on the basis of total Routhian surface (TRS) calculations.展开更多
文摘接受降压药物治疗的患者,即使血压控制良好,与非高血压个体的理想风险水平相比,仍有较高的风险发展为动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)。本文研究假设残余风险可以根据尿白蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion,UAE)进行分层。方法:共纳入13082例血压<160/100 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).
文摘Objective:To describe young monozy gotic twin sisters with fundus albipunctatus(a type of autosomal recessive sta-tionary night blindness caused by mu tations of the 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase geneRDH5)associated with cone dystrophy,previously reported in e lderly men.Methods:Ophthalmologic examinations were p erformed,and the RDH5gene was analyzed by direct genomic sequencing.Results:Twin 23-year-old sisters with high myopic refrac-tive errors of approximately -13dio pters were diagnosed as having fundus albipunctatus.Their photopic electroretino-graphic responses were markedly red uced,and cone dys-trophy was diagnosed.One twin had ma cular degeneration with reduced best-corrected visual acuity,while the other twin had normal maculae with good vis ual acuity.A com-pound heterozygous mutation,Val132Met and Arg280His,in the RDH5gene was found in both sisters.Conclusions:Cone dystrophy can be present in pati ents with fundus al-bipunctatus,not only elderly men bu t also young women.The clinical severity differed betw een monozygotic twins with fundus albipunctatus and cone d ystrophy.Clinical Relevance:The patients sex is not critical for the presence of cone dystrophy in patients with fu ndus albipunctatus.The discordant findings in the twins indicate that factors other than genetics influenced the p henotype.
文摘氢可以从各种再生能源中产生,因此预计,氢将会在社会长期能源需求中起到重要作用。传统氢发动机存在的一些缺点是:冷却损失较高导致热效率较低,以及不正常燃烧(回火、早燃、燃烧速度较快)限制了大负荷运行。氢燃料直接喷射是克服这些缺点的一种有效办法,但是要实现高效率和低氮氧化物(NOx)排放的燃烧方法还需要进行更详细的研究。采用一种试验性氢高压喷射器(最大喷射压力30 MPa)对高效率和低NOx排放的氢燃烧进行了研究。采用1台2.2 L 4缸涡流形燃烧室柴油机进行试验,氢喷射器安装在气缸中心,火花塞安装在预热塞位置。为了能向1个气缸提供氢气,对这台发动机进行了改装。通过控制喷油定时和点火定时研究了氢气的均相和分层燃烧。另外,还研究了联合使用火花点火的扩散燃烧(即火花点燃辅助扩散燃烧)。结果显示,采用高压直喷的分层扩散燃烧与传统的均相燃烧相比,指示热效率提高了约3%。热效率提高的原因是:(1)分层扩散燃烧改善了冷却损失与等容度之间的折衷关系;(2)接近上止点喷射的压力恢复效应十分有利于热效率的提高;(3)在废气再循环(EGR)与扩散燃烧相结合的情况下,能使EGR更为有效。通过抑制喷束的贯穿度以减少较多的冷却损失,使这台小型发动机达到了52%的优良指示热效率,并通过计算流体动力学和可视化缸内燃烧研究得到了证实。另外,还获得了一些有价值的认识:EGR除湿能增加工作气体的比热比,并能在降低NOx的同时提高热效率。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10905075, 10825522, 10735010 and 10775158)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815005)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A new rotational band has been identified and assigned to 188Au for the first time using the 173Yb(19F,4nγ) reaction at the beam energies of 86 and 90 MeV. This band is proposed to be built on the πh9/2 νi13/2 configuration by comparing the band properties with known bands in neighboring nuclei. The prolate-to-oblate shape transition through triaxial shape has been proposed to occur around 188Au for the πh9/2 νi13/2 bands in odd-odd Au isotopes on the basis of total Routhian surface (TRS) calculations.
