The paper study the interfacial mechanical properties and structural evolution mechanisms in 6061/AZ31B/6061 composite plates with and without Ni foil interlayers.For Ni-free interfaces,a continuous diffusion layer(3....The paper study the interfacial mechanical properties and structural evolution mechanisms in 6061/AZ31B/6061 composite plates with and without Ni foil interlayers.For Ni-free interfaces,a continuous diffusion layer(3.5-4.0μm)forms,dominated by brittle columnar Al_(12)Mg_(17) intermetallic compounds(IMCs,0.27-0.35μm thick),which act as preferential crack initiation sites.In contrast,Ni foil implantation induces interfacial restructuring during hot rolling:Constrained deformation fragments the Ni foil into grid-like segments with"olive"-shaped crosssections,embedded into Mg/Al matrices.These fragments(56% areal coverage)coexist with dispersed multiphase IMCs(Mg_(2)Ni,Al_(3)Ni,Mg_(3)AlNi,Al_(12)Mg_(17);10-20 nm grains)at fragment edges,forming a hybrid interface of"willow-leaf"Al_(12)Mg_(17) islands and nanoscale Mg_(2)Ni/Al_(3)Ni layers(15-25 nm).Hall-Petch analysis reveals the multiphase IMC interface exhibits 3.6×higher"kd^(-1/2)"strengthening contribution than single-phase Al_(12)Mg_(17) systems,attributed to grain refinement(20 nm vs.260 nm average grain size).Synergistic effects of mechanical interlocking,adhesion hierarchy(Ni-Al>Ni-Mg>Al-Mg),and nanoscale reinforcement collectively enhance peel strength by 78%without compromising bulk tensile properties.展开更多
In this work,P and Mo dual-doped CoNiS(PMo-CoNiS)nanosheet arrays were successfully constructed through a common solvothermal treatment.The precise doping of P and Mo species into the CoNiS can regulate the microstruc...In this work,P and Mo dual-doped CoNiS(PMo-CoNiS)nanosheet arrays were successfully constructed through a common solvothermal treatment.The precise doping of P and Mo species into the CoNiS can regulate the microstructures and meanwhile endow with PMo-CoNiS abundant amorphous/crystalline heterointerfaces,which can adjust the electronic structure,thus enhancing the intrinsic activity of hydro-gen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).As a result,ultra-low overpotentials of merely 156 and 58 mV are required to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) for OER and HER,respec-tively,and the electrocatalysts PMo-CoNiS also exhibit low Tafel slopes and maintain robust stability for 48 h in alkaline media at a high current density of 50 mA cm^(−2).In addition,in an assembled electrolyte cell for overall water splitting,a voltage as low as 1.48 V is sufficient to yield a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further confirmed that the enhanced OER and HER result from the optimized OH^(∗)and H^(∗)adsorption energy of PMo-CoNiS due to P,Mo dual doping and generated interfacial effect.This work may offer an avenue for designing low-cost bifunctional catalysts with superior catalytic activity and provide a new application strategy for broader applications in various electrocatalytic fields.展开更多
High-resolution remote sensing images(HRSIs)are now an essential data source for gathering surface information due to advancements in remote sensing data capture technologies.However,their significant scale changes an...High-resolution remote sensing images(HRSIs)are now an essential data source for gathering surface information due to advancements in remote sensing data capture technologies.However,their significant scale changes and wealth of spatial details pose challenges for semantic segmentation.While convolutional neural networks(CNNs)excel at capturing local features,they are limited in modeling long-range dependencies.Conversely,transformers utilize multihead self-attention to integrate global context effectively,but this approach often incurs a high computational cost.This paper proposes a global-local multiscale context network(GLMCNet)to extract both global and local multiscale contextual information from HRSIs.A detail-enhanced filtering module(DEFM)is proposed at the end of the encoder to refine the encoder outputs further,thereby enhancing the key details extracted by the encoder and effectively suppressing redundant information.In addition,a global-local multiscale transformer block(GLMTB)is proposed in the decoding stage to enable the modeling of rich multiscale global and local information.We also design a stair fusion mechanism to transmit deep semantic information from deep to shallow layers progressively.Finally,we propose the semantic awareness enhancement module(SAEM),which further enhances the representation of multiscale semantic features through spatial attention and covariance channel attention.Extensive ablation analyses and comparative experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Specifically,our method achieved a mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)of 86.89%on the ISPRS Potsdam dataset and 84.34%on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset,outperforming existing models such as ABCNet and BANet.展开更多
Chemical waste compositions are important for municipal solid waste management, as they determine the pollution potentials from different waste strategies. A representative dataset for chemical characteristics of indi...Chemical waste compositions are important for municipal solid waste management, as they determine the pollution potentials from different waste strategies. A representative dataset for chemical characteristics of individual waste fractions is frequently required to assess chemical waste composition, but it is usually reported in developed countries and not in developing countries. In this study, a dataset for Chinese waste was established through careful data screening and assessment, named as CN dataset. Meanwhile, a dataset for Danish waste（DK dataset） was also summarized based on previous studies. In order to quantitatively evaluate the reliabilities of CN and DK datasets, the chemical waste compositions in four Chinese cities were estimated by utilizing both of them, respectively. It is indicated that the usage of CN datasets led to significantly lower discrepancies from the actual values based on laboratory analysis in most cases. Within the datasets, the moisture contents of food waste, paper, textiles, and plastics, the carbon content of food waste, as well as the oxygen content of plastics would induce significant divergences, which should be paid special attention when gathering the information. In addition, the fractional waste compositions in China showed similar features with other developing countries but differ significantly with developed countries. Thus the above-mentioned conclusions could also be true in other developing countries.展开更多
From pregnancy to parturition, Sprague-Dawley rats were daily administered a low protein diet to establish a model of intrauterine growth restriction. From the 12th day of pregnancy, 300 mg/kg taurine was daily added ...From pregnancy to parturition, Sprague-Dawley rats were daily administered a low protein diet to establish a model of intrauterine growth restriction. From the 12th day of pregnancy, 300 mg/kg taurine was daily added to food until spontaneous delivery occurred. Brain tissues from normal neonatal rats at 6 hours after delivery, neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction, and neo- natal rats with intrauterine growth restriction undergoing taurine supplement were obtained for fur- ther experiments. The terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase （TdT）-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling assay revealed that the number of apoptotic cells in the brain tissue of neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction significantly increased. Taurine supplement in pregnant rats reduced cell apoptosis in brain tissue from neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction. Immu- nohistochemical staining revealed that taurine supplement increased glial cell line-derived neuro- trophic factor expression and decreased caspase-3 expression in the cerebral cortex of intrauterine growth-restricted fetal rats. These results indicate that taurine supplement reduces cell apoptosis through the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-caspase-3 signaling pathway, resulting in a protective effect on the intrauterine growth-restricted fetal rat brain.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To describe the duration of the pre-hospital delay time and identify factors associated with prolonged pre-hospital delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)in China.METHODS Data were collected...OBJECTIVE To describe the duration of the pre-hospital delay time and identify factors associated with prolonged pre-hospital delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)in China.METHODS Data were collected from November 2014 to December 2019 as part of the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Dis-ease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome(CCC-ACS)project.A total of 33,386 patients with AMI admitted to the index hospitals were included in this study.Two-level logistic regression was conducted to explore the factors associated with the pre-hospital delay and the associations between different pre-hospital delay and in-hospital outcomes.RESULTS Of the 33,386 patients with AMI,70.7%of patients arrived at hospital≥2 h after symptom onset.Old age,female,ru-ral medical insurance,symptom onset at early dawn,and non-use of an ambulance predicted a prolonged pre-hospital delay(all P<0.05).Hypertension and heart failure at admission were only significant in predicting a longer delay in patients with ST-seg-ment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)(all P<0.05).A pre-hospital delay of≥2 h was associated with an increased risk of mortality[odds ratio(OR)=1.36,95%CI:1.09-1.69,P=0.006]and major adverse cardiovascular events(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.02-1.47,P=0.033)in patients with STEMI compared with a pre-hospital delay of<2 h.CONCLUSIONS Prolonged pre-hospital delay is associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes in patients with STEMI in China.Our study identifies that patient characteristics,symptom onset time,and type of transportation are associated with pre-hospital delay time,and provides focuses for quality improvement.展开更多
AIM:To provide a detailed description of the natural history of persistent subretinal fluid(SRF)after successful repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)and its association with visual outcome.METHODS:This was...AIM:To provide a detailed description of the natural history of persistent subretinal fluid(SRF)after successful repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)and its association with visual outcome.METHODS:This was a prospective long-term follow-up for eyes undergoing scleral buckling(SB)surgery for maculaoff RRD.Examinations were carried out preoperatively and postoperatively at 1,3,6,9 and 12 mo,until persistent SRF had completely resolved.One month postoperatively,optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to classify SRF into three patterns:bleb-like loculated(BL),shallow-diffused(SD),and multiple blebs(MB).Serial OCT imaging was used to evaluate morphological changes in SRF until its complete disappearance.Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of persistent SRF.RESULTS:A total of 59 patients(59 eyes)were included.There were no statistical differences between two groups at baseline,except for the proportion of patients with high myopia and a younger age.One month after surgery,OCT detected persistent SRF in 49 eyes(83.1%).The 3 morphological patterns of SRF were observed in 27 eyes(55.1%)with BL,13 eyes(26.5%)with SD,and 9 eyes(18.4%)with MB.The mean time for complete absorption differed significantly across the three SRF patterns(F=8.097,P=0.001),which was 8.8±6.1,20.1±12.1,and 16.7±10.2 mo in BL,SD,and MB,respectively.In 9 of the 13 eyes with SD,the pattern transformed into MB type.In cases involving MB,the size and number of blebs decreased gradually until they had been completely absorbed.Eyes with persistent SRF were more likely to demonstrate disruption of the ellipsoid zone(49.0%vs 10%,P=0.034).The final best-corrected visual acuity of two groups was 0.37±0.11(with SRF)vs 0.34±0.12(without SRF)logMAR(P=0.499),respectively.CONCLUSION:High preoperative myopia and younger age are associated with persistent SRF.BL is the most commonly observed pattern with the shortest duration and gradually disappeared.Most cases involving SD SRF transform into MB type during resolution.The size and number of the MBs decrease gradually until they were completely absorbed.The absence of persistent SRF may contribute to slow visual recovery in the short-term but does not influence the final visual outcome.展开更多
AIM： To design and investigate the efficacy of a modified nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with genistein（Gen-NLC） to inhibit human lens epithelial cells（HLECs） proliferation.·METHODS： Gen-NLC was made b...AIM： To design and investigate the efficacy of a modified nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with genistein（Gen-NLC） to inhibit human lens epithelial cells（HLECs） proliferation.·METHODS： Gen-NLC was made by melt emulsification method. The morphology, particle size（PS）, zeta potentials（ZP）, encapsulation efficiency（EE） and in vitro release were characterized. The inhibition effect of nanostructured lipid carrier（NLC）, genistein（Gen） and Gen-NLC on HLECs proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay, gene and protein expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 were evaluated with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） and immunofluorescence analyses.·RESULTS： The mean PS of Gen-NLC was 80.12±1.55 nm with a mean polydispersity index of 0.11±0.02. The mean ZP was-7.14 ±0.38 m V and the EE of Gen in the nanoparticles was 92.3% ±0.73%. Transmission electron microscopy showed that Gen-NLC displayed spherical-shaped particles covered by an outer-layer structure. In vitro release experiments demonstrated a prolonged drug release for 72 h. The CCK-8 assay results showed the NLC had no inhibitory effect on HLECs and Gen-NLC displayed a much more prominent inhibitory effect on cellular growth compared to Gen of the same concentration. The m RNA and protein expression of Ki67 in LECs decreased significantly in Gen-NLC group.·CONCLUSION： Sustained drug release by Gen-NLCs may impede HLEC growth.展开更多
The global planetary boundary layer height(PBLH)estimated from 11 years(2007–17)of Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive(IGRA)data,Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate(COSMIC)soundings...The global planetary boundary layer height(PBLH)estimated from 11 years(2007–17)of Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive(IGRA)data,Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate(COSMIC)soundings,and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)interim reanalysis(ERAInterim)data,are compared in this study.In general,the spatial distribution of global PBLH derived from ERAInterim is consistent with the one from IGRA,both at 1200 UTC and 0000 UTC.High PBLH occurs at noon local time,because of strong radiation energy and convective activity.There are larger differences between the results of COSMIC and the other two datasets.PBLHs derived from COSMIC are much higher than those from radiosonde and reanalysis data.However,PBLHs derived from the three datasets all exhibit higher values in the low latitudes and lower ones in the high latitudes.The latitudinal difference between IGRA and COSMIC ranges from−1700 m to−500 m,while it ranges from−500 m to 250 m for IGRA and ERA-Interim.It is found that the differences among the three datasets are larger in winter and smaller in summer for most studied latitudes.展开更多
Diurnal variations in the planetary boundary layer height(PBLH)at different latitudes over different surface characteristics are described,based on 45 years(1973−2017)of radiosonde observations.The PBLH is determined ...Diurnal variations in the planetary boundary layer height(PBLH)at different latitudes over different surface characteristics are described,based on 45 years(1973−2017)of radiosonde observations.The PBLH is determined from the radiosonde data by the bulk Richardson number(BRN)method and verified by the parcel method and the potential temperature gradient method.In general,the BRN method is able to represent the height of the convective boundary layer(BL)and neutral residual layer cases but has relatively large uncertainty in the stable BL cases.The diurnal cycle of the PBLH over land is quite different from the cycle over ocean,as are their seasonal variations.For stations over land,the PBLH shows an apparent diurnal cycle,with a distinct maximum around 15:00 LT,and seasonal variation,with higher values in summer.Compared with the PBLH over land,over oceans the PBLH diurnal cycles are quite mild,the PBLHs are much lower,and the seasonal changes are less pronounced.The seasonal variations in the median PBLH diurnal cycle are positively correlated with the near-surface temperature and negatively correlated with the near-surface relative humidity.Finally,although at most latitudes the daytime PBLH exhibits,over these 45 years,a statistically significant increasing trend at most hours between 12:00 LT and 18:00 LT over both land and ocean,there is no significant trend over either land or ocean in the nighttime PBLH for almost all the studied latitudes.展开更多
This study investigated the heat transfer and flow characteristics of one kind of swirlgenerator in a circular heat exchanger tube through a numericalsimulation. The swirlflow induced by this type of swirlgenerator ca...This study investigated the heat transfer and flow characteristics of one kind of swirlgenerator in a circular heat exchanger tube through a numericalsimulation. The swirlflow induced by this type of swirlgenerator can obtain a high heat transfer rate with minimalpressure drop penalty. The simulations were carried out to understand the physicalbehavior of this kind of mesoscale heat enhancement component. By visualizing the heat transfer and flow characteristics, it is found that the swirlflow is induced by swirlgenerator in the circular tube couples with the impinging jet effect. After passing through the swirlgenerator, the localfriction factor of liquid can quickly return to lower levelmore quickly, while the localNusselt number maintains higher values for a distance; thus, the evaluation criterion of localperformance is improved. Single-factor optimization is used for three geometric parameters, i.e., the angle of swirlgenerator(25o, 45o, and 60o), the length of swirlgenerator(0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 m), and the center rod radius(1, 2, and 3 mm). The optimum parameters of the swirlgenerator for laminar flow of air in a circular tube are obtained, which should be 60o, 0.005 m, and 3 mm, respectively.展开更多
In this work,a facile and effective strategy to prepare three-dimensional(3D)hierarchical flower-like Mg–Al layered double hydroxides(3D-LDH)was developed via a one-step double-drop coprecipitation method usingγ-Al ...In this work,a facile and effective strategy to prepare three-dimensional(3D)hierarchical flower-like Mg–Al layered double hydroxides(3D-LDH)was developed via a one-step double-drop coprecipitation method usingγ-Al 2O 3particles as a template.The characterization and experimental results showed that the calcined product,3D-LDO,features a large specific surface area of 204.2 m^(2)/g,abundant active sites,and excellent adsorption performance for Congo red(CR),methyl orange(MO),and methyl blue(MB).The maximum adsorption capacities of 3D-LDO for CR,MO,and MB were 1428.6,476.2,and 1666.7 mg/g,respectively;such performance is superior to that of most reported adsorbents.The adsorption mechanism of organic anionic dyes by 3D-LDO was extensively investigated and attributed to surface adsorption,the memory effect of 3D-LDO,and the unique 3D hierarchical flower-like structure of the adsorbent.Recycling performance tests revealed that3D-LDO has satisfactory reusability for the three organic anionic dyes.展开更多
The Chinese iron pan can function as a nonstick pan even without a polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)coating after a“Kitchen God blessing”seasoning process.We simulate this process and disclose the science behind the“Ki...The Chinese iron pan can function as a nonstick pan even without a polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)coating after a“Kitchen God blessing”seasoning process.We simulate this process and disclose the science behind the“Kitchen God blessing,”finding that through repeated oil-coating and heating,the reversible insertion and extraction of oxygen atoms split the surface of the iron pan,gradually producing Fe 3 O 4 nanoballs.These balls give the iron pan a conditional hydrophobicity property,meaning the pan would be hydrophilic when the ingredients contain much water and hydrophobic when they contain less water.The former enables heat to be transferred rapidly through the nanoballs while the latter slows down the heat transference and prevents the pan from sticking.This discovery provides an approach of generating nanoballs on the surface of the metal and also discloses the secret of the fantastic taste produced by cooking with a Chinese iron pan.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension is a rare cardiopulmonary disease,with an insidious onset that usually worsens rapidly.Amyloid light chain(AL)amyloidosis is a rare systemic disease caused by extracellular deposition...BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension is a rare cardiopulmonary disease,with an insidious onset that usually worsens rapidly.Amyloid light chain(AL)amyloidosis is a rare systemic disease caused by extracellular deposition of pathologic,insoluble,and proteinaceous fibrils in organs and tissues;however,it is difficult to diagnose given its varied and nonspecific symptoms.To date,rare cases of amyloidosis with pulmonary hypertension have been reported.Of note,the optimal treatments for cardiac amyloidosis complicated with pulmonary hypertension remain unclear.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with progressively worsening dyspnea.Transthoracic echocardiography indicated severe pulmonary hypertension.Twenty-seven months after first admission,the patient returned with symptoms of progressive heart failure.A myocardial tissue sample stained with Congo red was positive,and the patient was ultimately diagnosed with AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement.CONCLUSION Although pulmonary hypertension may be idiopathic,it is frequently associated with other conditions.In rare cases,pulmonary hypertension can be a complication of AL amyloidosis,which should be seriously considered in any adult presenting with nonspecific signs or symptoms of cardiac distress.展开更多
Dear Editor,We describe in detail a case of dominant cystoid macular dystrophy(DCMD)patient carrying a novel heterozygous RP1 L1 mutation.DCMD is a unique form of macular dystrophy;the appearance of cystic spaces in t...Dear Editor,We describe in detail a case of dominant cystoid macular dystrophy(DCMD)patient carrying a novel heterozygous RP1 L1 mutation.DCMD is a unique form of macular dystrophy;the appearance of cystic spaces in the macula indicates its onset,while the rest of the retina is essentially normal.展开更多
BACKGROUND Since adverse events during treatment affect adherence and subsequent glycemic control,understanding the safety profile of oral anti-diabetic drugs is imperative for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)therapy.AI...BACKGROUND Since adverse events during treatment affect adherence and subsequent glycemic control,understanding the safety profile of oral anti-diabetic drugs is imperative for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)therapy.AIM To evaluate the risk of infection in patients with T2DM treated with dipeptidyl-peptidase 4(DPP-4)inhibitors.METHODS Electronic databases were searched.The selection criteria included randomized controlled trials focused on cardiovascular outcomes.In these studies,the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors were directly compared to those of either other active anti-diabetic treatments or placebo.Six trials involving 53616 patients were deemed eligible.We calculated aggregate relative risks employing both random-effects and fixed-effects approaches,contingent upon the context.RESULTS The application of DPP-4 inhibitors showed no significant link to the overall infection risk[0.98(0.95,1.02)]or the risk of serious infections[0.96(0.85,1.08)],additionally,no significant associations were found with opportunistic infections[0.69(0.46,1.04)],site-specific infections[respiratory infection 0.99(0.96,1.03),urinary tract infections 1.02(0.95,1.10),abdominal and gastrointestinal infections 1.02(0.83,1.25),skin structure and soft tissue infections 0.81(0.60,1.09),bone infections 0.96(0.68,1.36),and bloodstream infections 0.97(0.80,1.18)].CONCLUSION This meta-analysis of data from cardiovascular outcome trials revealed no heightened infection risk in patients undergoing DPP-4 inhibitor therapy compared to control cohorts.展开更多
In order to search for novel potent and environmentally benign insecticides,a series of anthranilic diamides containing various fluorinated groups were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by -1H N...In order to search for novel potent and environmentally benign insecticides,a series of anthranilic diamides containing various fluorinated groups were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by -1H NMR,-（13）C NMR,-（19）F NMR,elemental analysis,HRMS or mass spectra.Their insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm（Mythimna separata） and diamondback moth（Plutella xyiostella）were evaluated.The preliminary structure-activity relationship（SAR） was discussed in detail.The biological assay indicated that most of the compounds exhibited moderate to excellent insecticidal activities.Especially,Ia showed high larvicidal activity against oriental armyworm.Meanwhile,Iu had better larvicidal effects against diamondback moth than commercial chlorantraniliprole.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is a lack of clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of transitioning from a thrice-daily pre-mixed insulin or basal-prandial regimen to insulin degludec/aspart(IDegAsp)therapy,with insufficient ...BACKGROUND There is a lack of clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of transitioning from a thrice-daily pre-mixed insulin or basal-prandial regimen to insulin degludec/aspart(IDegAsp)therapy,with insufficient data from the Chinese population.AIM To demonstrate the efficacy,safety,and treatment satisfaction associated with the transition to IDegAsp in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS In this 12-week open-label,non-randomized,single-center,pilot study,patients with T2DM receiving thrice-daily insulin or intensive insulin treatment were transitioned to twice-daily injections of insulin IDegAsp.Insulin doses,hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels,fasting blood glucose(FBG),hypoglycemic events,a Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire,and other parameters were assessed at baseline and 12-weeks.RESULTS This study included 21 participants.A marked enhancement was observed in the FBG level(P=0.02),daily total insulin dose(P=0.03),and overall diabetes treatment satisfaction(P<0.01)in the participants who switched to IDegAsp.There was a decrease in HbA1c levels(7.6±1.1 vs 7.4±0.9,P=0.31)and the frequency of hypoglycemic events of those who switched to IDegAsp decreased,however,there was no statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that treatment with IDegAsp enhances clinical outcomes,particularly FBG levels,daily cumulative insulin dose,and overall satisfaction with diabetes treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030006)Key Project of Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Project(CSTB2023TIADKPX0016,CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0027)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51971183)the Science and Technology Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2024AB056).
文摘The paper study the interfacial mechanical properties and structural evolution mechanisms in 6061/AZ31B/6061 composite plates with and without Ni foil interlayers.For Ni-free interfaces,a continuous diffusion layer(3.5-4.0μm)forms,dominated by brittle columnar Al_(12)Mg_(17) intermetallic compounds(IMCs,0.27-0.35μm thick),which act as preferential crack initiation sites.In contrast,Ni foil implantation induces interfacial restructuring during hot rolling:Constrained deformation fragments the Ni foil into grid-like segments with"olive"-shaped crosssections,embedded into Mg/Al matrices.These fragments(56% areal coverage)coexist with dispersed multiphase IMCs(Mg_(2)Ni,Al_(3)Ni,Mg_(3)AlNi,Al_(12)Mg_(17);10-20 nm grains)at fragment edges,forming a hybrid interface of"willow-leaf"Al_(12)Mg_(17) islands and nanoscale Mg_(2)Ni/Al_(3)Ni layers(15-25 nm).Hall-Petch analysis reveals the multiphase IMC interface exhibits 3.6×higher"kd^(-1/2)"strengthening contribution than single-phase Al_(12)Mg_(17) systems,attributed to grain refinement(20 nm vs.260 nm average grain size).Synergistic effects of mechanical interlocking,adhesion hierarchy(Ni-Al>Ni-Mg>Al-Mg),and nanoscale reinforcement collectively enhance peel strength by 78%without compromising bulk tensile properties.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078233)。
文摘In this work,P and Mo dual-doped CoNiS(PMo-CoNiS)nanosheet arrays were successfully constructed through a common solvothermal treatment.The precise doping of P and Mo species into the CoNiS can regulate the microstructures and meanwhile endow with PMo-CoNiS abundant amorphous/crystalline heterointerfaces,which can adjust the electronic structure,thus enhancing the intrinsic activity of hydro-gen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).As a result,ultra-low overpotentials of merely 156 and 58 mV are required to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) for OER and HER,respec-tively,and the electrocatalysts PMo-CoNiS also exhibit low Tafel slopes and maintain robust stability for 48 h in alkaline media at a high current density of 50 mA cm^(−2).In addition,in an assembled electrolyte cell for overall water splitting,a voltage as low as 1.48 V is sufficient to yield a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further confirmed that the enhanced OER and HER result from the optimized OH^(∗)and H^(∗)adsorption energy of PMo-CoNiS due to P,Mo dual doping and generated interfacial effect.This work may offer an avenue for designing low-cost bifunctional catalysts with superior catalytic activity and provide a new application strategy for broader applications in various electrocatalytic fields.
基金provided by the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department under grant No.BJK2024115.
文摘High-resolution remote sensing images(HRSIs)are now an essential data source for gathering surface information due to advancements in remote sensing data capture technologies.However,their significant scale changes and wealth of spatial details pose challenges for semantic segmentation.While convolutional neural networks(CNNs)excel at capturing local features,they are limited in modeling long-range dependencies.Conversely,transformers utilize multihead self-attention to integrate global context effectively,but this approach often incurs a high computational cost.This paper proposes a global-local multiscale context network(GLMCNet)to extract both global and local multiscale contextual information from HRSIs.A detail-enhanced filtering module(DEFM)is proposed at the end of the encoder to refine the encoder outputs further,thereby enhancing the key details extracted by the encoder and effectively suppressing redundant information.In addition,a global-local multiscale transformer block(GLMTB)is proposed in the decoding stage to enable the modeling of rich multiscale global and local information.We also design a stair fusion mechanism to transmit deep semantic information from deep to shallow layers progressively.Finally,we propose the semantic awareness enhancement module(SAEM),which further enhances the representation of multiscale semantic features through spatial attention and covariance channel attention.Extensive ablation analyses and comparative experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Specifically,our method achieved a mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)of 86.89%on the ISPRS Potsdam dataset and 84.34%on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset,outperforming existing models such as ABCNet and BANet.
基金supported by the National Environmental Protection Standard Project(2015-4)the Shanghai Technical Standard Projects(Nos.14DZ0501500,DB31ZB5-15043)
文摘Chemical waste compositions are important for municipal solid waste management, as they determine the pollution potentials from different waste strategies. A representative dataset for chemical characteristics of individual waste fractions is frequently required to assess chemical waste composition, but it is usually reported in developed countries and not in developing countries. In this study, a dataset for Chinese waste was established through careful data screening and assessment, named as CN dataset. Meanwhile, a dataset for Danish waste（DK dataset） was also summarized based on previous studies. In order to quantitatively evaluate the reliabilities of CN and DK datasets, the chemical waste compositions in four Chinese cities were estimated by utilizing both of them, respectively. It is indicated that the usage of CN datasets led to significantly lower discrepancies from the actual values based on laboratory analysis in most cases. Within the datasets, the moisture contents of food waste, paper, textiles, and plastics, the carbon content of food waste, as well as the oxygen content of plastics would induce significant divergences, which should be paid special attention when gathering the information. In addition, the fractional waste compositions in China showed similar features with other developing countries but differ significantly with developed countries. Thus the above-mentioned conclusions could also be true in other developing countries.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81170577
文摘From pregnancy to parturition, Sprague-Dawley rats were daily administered a low protein diet to establish a model of intrauterine growth restriction. From the 12th day of pregnancy, 300 mg/kg taurine was daily added to food until spontaneous delivery occurred. Brain tissues from normal neonatal rats at 6 hours after delivery, neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction, and neo- natal rats with intrauterine growth restriction undergoing taurine supplement were obtained for fur- ther experiments. The terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase （TdT）-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling assay revealed that the number of apoptotic cells in the brain tissue of neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction significantly increased. Taurine supplement in pregnant rats reduced cell apoptosis in brain tissue from neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction. Immu- nohistochemical staining revealed that taurine supplement increased glial cell line-derived neuro- trophic factor expression and decreased caspase-3 expression in the cerebral cortex of intrauterine growth-restricted fetal rats. These results indicate that taurine supplement reduces cell apoptosis through the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-caspase-3 signaling pathway, resulting in a protective effect on the intrauterine growth-restricted fetal rat brain.
基金supported by the CCC-ACS Project(NCT02306616)which is a collaborative project of the American Heart Association and the Chinese Society of Cardiology.
文摘OBJECTIVE To describe the duration of the pre-hospital delay time and identify factors associated with prolonged pre-hospital delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)in China.METHODS Data were collected from November 2014 to December 2019 as part of the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Dis-ease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome(CCC-ACS)project.A total of 33,386 patients with AMI admitted to the index hospitals were included in this study.Two-level logistic regression was conducted to explore the factors associated with the pre-hospital delay and the associations between different pre-hospital delay and in-hospital outcomes.RESULTS Of the 33,386 patients with AMI,70.7%of patients arrived at hospital≥2 h after symptom onset.Old age,female,ru-ral medical insurance,symptom onset at early dawn,and non-use of an ambulance predicted a prolonged pre-hospital delay(all P<0.05).Hypertension and heart failure at admission were only significant in predicting a longer delay in patients with ST-seg-ment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)(all P<0.05).A pre-hospital delay of≥2 h was associated with an increased risk of mortality[odds ratio(OR)=1.36,95%CI:1.09-1.69,P=0.006]and major adverse cardiovascular events(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.02-1.47,P=0.033)in patients with STEMI compared with a pre-hospital delay of<2 h.CONCLUSIONS Prolonged pre-hospital delay is associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes in patients with STEMI in China.Our study identifies that patient characteristics,symptom onset time,and type of transportation are associated with pre-hospital delay time,and provides focuses for quality improvement.
文摘AIM:To provide a detailed description of the natural history of persistent subretinal fluid(SRF)after successful repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)and its association with visual outcome.METHODS:This was a prospective long-term follow-up for eyes undergoing scleral buckling(SB)surgery for maculaoff RRD.Examinations were carried out preoperatively and postoperatively at 1,3,6,9 and 12 mo,until persistent SRF had completely resolved.One month postoperatively,optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to classify SRF into three patterns:bleb-like loculated(BL),shallow-diffused(SD),and multiple blebs(MB).Serial OCT imaging was used to evaluate morphological changes in SRF until its complete disappearance.Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of persistent SRF.RESULTS:A total of 59 patients(59 eyes)were included.There were no statistical differences between two groups at baseline,except for the proportion of patients with high myopia and a younger age.One month after surgery,OCT detected persistent SRF in 49 eyes(83.1%).The 3 morphological patterns of SRF were observed in 27 eyes(55.1%)with BL,13 eyes(26.5%)with SD,and 9 eyes(18.4%)with MB.The mean time for complete absorption differed significantly across the three SRF patterns(F=8.097,P=0.001),which was 8.8±6.1,20.1±12.1,and 16.7±10.2 mo in BL,SD,and MB,respectively.In 9 of the 13 eyes with SD,the pattern transformed into MB type.In cases involving MB,the size and number of blebs decreased gradually until they had been completely absorbed.Eyes with persistent SRF were more likely to demonstrate disruption of the ellipsoid zone(49.0%vs 10%,P=0.034).The final best-corrected visual acuity of two groups was 0.37±0.11(with SRF)vs 0.34±0.12(without SRF)logMAR(P=0.499),respectively.CONCLUSION:High preoperative myopia and younger age are associated with persistent SRF.BL is the most commonly observed pattern with the shortest duration and gradually disappeared.Most cases involving SD SRF transform into MB type during resolution.The size and number of the MBs decrease gradually until they were completely absorbed.The absence of persistent SRF may contribute to slow visual recovery in the short-term but does not influence the final visual outcome.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 81100654)
文摘AIM： To design and investigate the efficacy of a modified nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with genistein（Gen-NLC） to inhibit human lens epithelial cells（HLECs） proliferation.·METHODS： Gen-NLC was made by melt emulsification method. The morphology, particle size（PS）, zeta potentials（ZP）, encapsulation efficiency（EE） and in vitro release were characterized. The inhibition effect of nanostructured lipid carrier（NLC）, genistein（Gen） and Gen-NLC on HLECs proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay, gene and protein expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 were evaluated with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） and immunofluorescence analyses.·RESULTS： The mean PS of Gen-NLC was 80.12±1.55 nm with a mean polydispersity index of 0.11±0.02. The mean ZP was-7.14 ±0.38 m V and the EE of Gen in the nanoparticles was 92.3% ±0.73%. Transmission electron microscopy showed that Gen-NLC displayed spherical-shaped particles covered by an outer-layer structure. In vitro release experiments demonstrated a prolonged drug release for 72 h. The CCK-8 assay results showed the NLC had no inhibitory effect on HLECs and Gen-NLC displayed a much more prominent inhibitory effect on cellular growth compared to Gen of the same concentration. The m RNA and protein expression of Ki67 in LECs decreased significantly in Gen-NLC group.·CONCLUSION： Sustained drug release by Gen-NLCs may impede HLEC growth.
基金supported by the Meteorological Research Open Foundation of Huaihe Basin grant number HRM201604。
文摘The global planetary boundary layer height(PBLH)estimated from 11 years(2007–17)of Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive(IGRA)data,Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate(COSMIC)soundings,and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)interim reanalysis(ERAInterim)data,are compared in this study.In general,the spatial distribution of global PBLH derived from ERAInterim is consistent with the one from IGRA,both at 1200 UTC and 0000 UTC.High PBLH occurs at noon local time,because of strong radiation energy and convective activity.There are larger differences between the results of COSMIC and the other two datasets.PBLHs derived from COSMIC are much higher than those from radiosonde and reanalysis data.However,PBLHs derived from the three datasets all exhibit higher values in the low latitudes and lower ones in the high latitudes.The latitudinal difference between IGRA and COSMIC ranges from−1700 m to−500 m,while it ranges from−500 m to 250 m for IGRA and ERA-Interim.It is found that the differences among the three datasets are larger in winter and smaller in summer for most studied latitudes.
基金This work was supported by the Meteorological Research Open Foundation of Huaihe Basin(HRM201604).
文摘Diurnal variations in the planetary boundary layer height(PBLH)at different latitudes over different surface characteristics are described,based on 45 years(1973−2017)of radiosonde observations.The PBLH is determined from the radiosonde data by the bulk Richardson number(BRN)method and verified by the parcel method and the potential temperature gradient method.In general,the BRN method is able to represent the height of the convective boundary layer(BL)and neutral residual layer cases but has relatively large uncertainty in the stable BL cases.The diurnal cycle of the PBLH over land is quite different from the cycle over ocean,as are their seasonal variations.For stations over land,the PBLH shows an apparent diurnal cycle,with a distinct maximum around 15:00 LT,and seasonal variation,with higher values in summer.Compared with the PBLH over land,over oceans the PBLH diurnal cycles are quite mild,the PBLHs are much lower,and the seasonal changes are less pronounced.The seasonal variations in the median PBLH diurnal cycle are positively correlated with the near-surface temperature and negatively correlated with the near-surface relative humidity.Finally,although at most latitudes the daytime PBLH exhibits,over these 45 years,a statistically significant increasing trend at most hours between 12:00 LT and 18:00 LT over both land and ocean,there is no significant trend over either land or ocean in the nighttime PBLH for almost all the studied latitudes.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2016YFC0400406)
文摘This study investigated the heat transfer and flow characteristics of one kind of swirlgenerator in a circular heat exchanger tube through a numericalsimulation. The swirlflow induced by this type of swirlgenerator can obtain a high heat transfer rate with minimalpressure drop penalty. The simulations were carried out to understand the physicalbehavior of this kind of mesoscale heat enhancement component. By visualizing the heat transfer and flow characteristics, it is found that the swirlflow is induced by swirlgenerator in the circular tube couples with the impinging jet effect. After passing through the swirlgenerator, the localfriction factor of liquid can quickly return to lower levelmore quickly, while the localNusselt number maintains higher values for a distance; thus, the evaluation criterion of localperformance is improved. Single-factor optimization is used for three geometric parameters, i.e., the angle of swirlgenerator(25o, 45o, and 60o), the length of swirlgenerator(0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 m), and the center rod radius(1, 2, and 3 mm). The optimum parameters of the swirlgenerator for laminar flow of air in a circular tube are obtained, which should be 60o, 0.005 m, and 3 mm, respectively.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0602702-02)。
文摘In this work,a facile and effective strategy to prepare three-dimensional(3D)hierarchical flower-like Mg–Al layered double hydroxides(3D-LDH)was developed via a one-step double-drop coprecipitation method usingγ-Al 2O 3particles as a template.The characterization and experimental results showed that the calcined product,3D-LDO,features a large specific surface area of 204.2 m^(2)/g,abundant active sites,and excellent adsorption performance for Congo red(CR),methyl orange(MO),and methyl blue(MB).The maximum adsorption capacities of 3D-LDO for CR,MO,and MB were 1428.6,476.2,and 1666.7 mg/g,respectively;such performance is superior to that of most reported adsorbents.The adsorption mechanism of organic anionic dyes by 3D-LDO was extensively investigated and attributed to surface adsorption,the memory effect of 3D-LDO,and the unique 3D hierarchical flower-like structure of the adsorbent.Recycling performance tests revealed that3D-LDO has satisfactory reusability for the three organic anionic dyes.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91834301,21606027,and 21436003).
文摘The Chinese iron pan can function as a nonstick pan even without a polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)coating after a“Kitchen God blessing”seasoning process.We simulate this process and disclose the science behind the“Kitchen God blessing,”finding that through repeated oil-coating and heating,the reversible insertion and extraction of oxygen atoms split the surface of the iron pan,gradually producing Fe 3 O 4 nanoballs.These balls give the iron pan a conditional hydrophobicity property,meaning the pan would be hydrophilic when the ingredients contain much water and hydrophobic when they contain less water.The former enables heat to be transferred rapidly through the nanoballs while the latter slows down the heat transference and prevents the pan from sticking.This discovery provides an approach of generating nanoballs on the surface of the metal and also discloses the secret of the fantastic taste produced by cooking with a Chinese iron pan.
文摘BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension is a rare cardiopulmonary disease,with an insidious onset that usually worsens rapidly.Amyloid light chain(AL)amyloidosis is a rare systemic disease caused by extracellular deposition of pathologic,insoluble,and proteinaceous fibrils in organs and tissues;however,it is difficult to diagnose given its varied and nonspecific symptoms.To date,rare cases of amyloidosis with pulmonary hypertension have been reported.Of note,the optimal treatments for cardiac amyloidosis complicated with pulmonary hypertension remain unclear.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with progressively worsening dyspnea.Transthoracic echocardiography indicated severe pulmonary hypertension.Twenty-seven months after first admission,the patient returned with symptoms of progressive heart failure.A myocardial tissue sample stained with Congo red was positive,and the patient was ultimately diagnosed with AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement.CONCLUSION Although pulmonary hypertension may be idiopathic,it is frequently associated with other conditions.In rare cases,pulmonary hypertension can be a complication of AL amyloidosis,which should be seriously considered in any adult presenting with nonspecific signs or symptoms of cardiac distress.
文摘Dear Editor,We describe in detail a case of dominant cystoid macular dystrophy(DCMD)patient carrying a novel heterozygous RP1 L1 mutation.DCMD is a unique form of macular dystrophy;the appearance of cystic spaces in the macula indicates its onset,while the rest of the retina is essentially normal.
基金Supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.2023-I2M-C&T-B-043 and No.2021-I2M-1-002National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-B-015+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.M22014National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.91846106.
文摘BACKGROUND Since adverse events during treatment affect adherence and subsequent glycemic control,understanding the safety profile of oral anti-diabetic drugs is imperative for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)therapy.AIM To evaluate the risk of infection in patients with T2DM treated with dipeptidyl-peptidase 4(DPP-4)inhibitors.METHODS Electronic databases were searched.The selection criteria included randomized controlled trials focused on cardiovascular outcomes.In these studies,the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors were directly compared to those of either other active anti-diabetic treatments or placebo.Six trials involving 53616 patients were deemed eligible.We calculated aggregate relative risks employing both random-effects and fixed-effects approaches,contingent upon the context.RESULTS The application of DPP-4 inhibitors showed no significant link to the overall infection risk[0.98(0.95,1.02)]or the risk of serious infections[0.96(0.85,1.08)],additionally,no significant associations were found with opportunistic infections[0.69(0.46,1.04)],site-specific infections[respiratory infection 0.99(0.96,1.03),urinary tract infections 1.02(0.95,1.10),abdominal and gastrointestinal infections 1.02(0.83,1.25),skin structure and soft tissue infections 0.81(0.60,1.09),bone infections 0.96(0.68,1.36),and bloodstream infections 0.97(0.80,1.18)].CONCLUSION This meta-analysis of data from cardiovascular outcome trials revealed no heightened infection risk in patients undergoing DPP-4 inhibitor therapy compared to control cohorts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21372133)973 Program(No.2010CB126106)"111" Project of Ministry of Education of China(No.B06005)
文摘In order to search for novel potent and environmentally benign insecticides,a series of anthranilic diamides containing various fluorinated groups were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by -1H NMR,-（13）C NMR,-（19）F NMR,elemental analysis,HRMS or mass spectra.Their insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm（Mythimna separata） and diamondback moth（Plutella xyiostella）were evaluated.The preliminary structure-activity relationship（SAR） was discussed in detail.The biological assay indicated that most of the compounds exhibited moderate to excellent insecticidal activities.Especially,Ia showed high larvicidal activity against oriental armyworm.Meanwhile,Iu had better larvicidal effects against diamondback moth than commercial chlorantraniliprole.
基金Supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.2023-I2M-C&T-B-043National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-B-015+1 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.2021-1-12M-002Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.M22014.
文摘BACKGROUND There is a lack of clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of transitioning from a thrice-daily pre-mixed insulin or basal-prandial regimen to insulin degludec/aspart(IDegAsp)therapy,with insufficient data from the Chinese population.AIM To demonstrate the efficacy,safety,and treatment satisfaction associated with the transition to IDegAsp in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS In this 12-week open-label,non-randomized,single-center,pilot study,patients with T2DM receiving thrice-daily insulin or intensive insulin treatment were transitioned to twice-daily injections of insulin IDegAsp.Insulin doses,hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels,fasting blood glucose(FBG),hypoglycemic events,a Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire,and other parameters were assessed at baseline and 12-weeks.RESULTS This study included 21 participants.A marked enhancement was observed in the FBG level(P=0.02),daily total insulin dose(P=0.03),and overall diabetes treatment satisfaction(P<0.01)in the participants who switched to IDegAsp.There was a decrease in HbA1c levels(7.6±1.1 vs 7.4±0.9,P=0.31)and the frequency of hypoglycemic events of those who switched to IDegAsp decreased,however,there was no statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that treatment with IDegAsp enhances clinical outcomes,particularly FBG levels,daily cumulative insulin dose,and overall satisfaction with diabetes treatment.
