Copper-zinc-nickel(Cu-Zn-Ni)ferrite nanoparticles are used for wastewater treatment technology.However,low degradation efficiency and stability are two main issues that make them unsuitable for actual production needs...Copper-zinc-nickel(Cu-Zn-Ni)ferrite nanoparticles are used for wastewater treatment technology.However,low degradation efficiency and stability are two main issues that make them unsuitable for actual production needs.In this paper,the citrate-nitrate auto-combustion method was applied for the formation of Cu_(0.5)Zn_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)La_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4);(0≤x≤0.1;step 0.02)(CZNL)nanoferrites.Although the substitution process entails the replacement of a small ion with a larger one,the lattice constant and crystallite size does not exhibit a consistent incremental pattern.This behavior is justified and discussed.The size of all the CZNL ferrite nanoparticles is in the range of 8-12 nm,and the lattice constant is in the range of 8.6230 to 8.4865 nm.The morphological analysis conducted using field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)reveals that the CZNL exhibits agglomerated spherical morphology.The energy dispersive X-ray spectrameter(EDAX)analysis was employed to confirm the elemental composition of CZNL nanoferrites.Since the process entails the substitution of Fe^(3+)magnetic ions with nonmagnetic ions La^(3+),the magnetic parameters of CZNL nanoferrites show a general decreasing trend as predicted.At 20 K,saturation magnetization Ms shows an overall drop in its values from 59.302 emu/g at x=0.0-41.295 emu/g at x=0.1,the smallest value of 37.87 emu/g is recorded at x=0.06.the highest coercivity(H_(c)=125.9 Oe)and remanence(M_(r)=13.32 emu/g)are recorded for x=0.08 and x=0.04 nanoferrite,respectvely.The band gap of all the CZNL nanoferrites was determined using the Kubelka-Munk function and Tauc plot for direct permitted transitions.La doping modifies the band gap(within 1.86-1.75 eV),increases light absorption,induces efficient e/h separation and charge migration to Cu_(0.5)Zn_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)La_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)surfaces.The nanoferrite Cu_(0.5)Zn_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)La_(0.06)Fe_(1.94)O_(4)achieves a degradation efficiency of 97.3%for methylene blue(MB)dye removal after just 60 min.After five recycling processes,the nanocatalyst Cu_(0.5)Zn_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)La_(0.06)Fe_(1.94)O_(4)is degraded by 95.83%,resulting in a negligible1.51%decrease in photocatalytic activity efficiency.The new Cu_(0.5)Zn_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)La_(0.06)Fe_(1.94)O_(4)has exceptional photocatalytic activity and remarkable stability,making it a promising candidate for applications in wastewater treatment.展开更多
This work studied the magnetic,dielectric,and mechanical parameters of lanthanum doped cobalt-magnesium ferrite nanoparticles Co_(0.5)Mg_(0.5)La_(x)Fe_(2-x)O4(CMLF)prepared by citrate combustion route.Fourier transfor...This work studied the magnetic,dielectric,and mechanical parameters of lanthanum doped cobalt-magnesium ferrite nanoparticles Co_(0.5)Mg_(0.5)La_(x)Fe_(2-x)O4(CMLF)prepared by citrate combustion route.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)spectra show lower band(v_(2))at 391-386 cm^(-1) and upper band(v_(1))at 572-570 cm^(-1),which demonstrate the cubic spinel structure formation for all CMLF nanoferrites.Magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization,remanent magnetization,coer-civity,magnetic moment,anisotropy constant,and initial permittivity were investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The sample Co_(0.5)Mg_(0.5)La_(0.03)Fe_(1.97)O4 has the optimal saturation magnetization of 47.78 emu/g,whereas the sample Co_(0.5)Mg_(0.5)La_(0.15)Fe_(1.85)O4 has a maximum coercivity of 1031 Oe.The dielectric constant,dielectric loss tangent,ac conductivity and impedance(Z)were also investigated with the addition of La ions.With La doping,the dielectric loss value decreases with 52%compared to the pristine sample,indicating it to be a potential candidate for high frequency appli-cations.The ac conductivity graphs exhibit adherence to Jonscher's single power law,indicating that the conduction process is primarily driven by the small polaron tunneling mechanism.Analytical investigation was conducted on the impedance spectroscopy and electric modulus for the CMLF nanoferrites.The nanoferrite Co_(0.5)Mg_(0.5)La_(0.15)Fe_(1.9)O_(4)has the optimum longitudinal modulus(4.60 GPa),shear modulus(0.85 GPa),Young's modulus(2.37 GPa),and bulk modulus(3.46 GPa)compared tothepristine sample.展开更多
Upgrading mechanical-dielectric features of ferrites through rare-earth yttrium(Y^(3+))doping provides feasibility to evolving high-frequency electronic devices.This paper reports the mechanical and dielectric propert...Upgrading mechanical-dielectric features of ferrites through rare-earth yttrium(Y^(3+))doping provides feasibility to evolving high-frequency electronic devices.This paper reports the mechanical and dielectric properties of Co_(0.5)Cu_(0.25)Zn_(0.25)Y_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)ferrite nanoparticles labeled as CCZYF#0,CCZYF#1,CCZYF#2,CCZYF#3,CCZYF#4 and CCZYF#5 for x=0.0.0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,and 0.1,respectively.The frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric parameters and co nductivity of all CCZYF nanoferrites are well discussed.The nanoferrite CCZYF#5 has the highest dielectric constant(enhancing ratio 170%)and the highest conductivity(enhancing ratio 7125.81%)compared with the undoped sample.Nyquist plots of all CCZYF nano ferrites manifest two arcs;the main reasons for the dielectric process are the grain boundaries and bulk grains.All impedance parameters were determined,which showed the effective role of Y^(3+)ions on their values.The nanoferrite CCZYF#5 has the highest grain boundaries capacitance(with enhancing ratio of 59.40%)and the highest grains capacitance(with enhancing ratio of 22.53%)with a relaxation time decrement efficiency of 62.51%.An ultrasonic flaw detector was utilized to determine the elastic moduli of all CCZYF nanoferrites.The nanoferrite CCZYF#5 has the highest longitudinal modulus(with enhancing ratio of 20.95%),the highest shear modulus(with enhancing ratio of48.72%),highest Young's modulus(with enhancing ratio of 88.47%),the highest bulk modulus(with enhancing ratio 13.27%)and the highest micro hardness(with enhancing ratio 77.77%).Hence,Y3+tuned Co-Cu-Zn nanoferrites possess new opportunities for high-frequency and storage applications.展开更多
文摘Copper-zinc-nickel(Cu-Zn-Ni)ferrite nanoparticles are used for wastewater treatment technology.However,low degradation efficiency and stability are two main issues that make them unsuitable for actual production needs.In this paper,the citrate-nitrate auto-combustion method was applied for the formation of Cu_(0.5)Zn_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)La_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4);(0≤x≤0.1;step 0.02)(CZNL)nanoferrites.Although the substitution process entails the replacement of a small ion with a larger one,the lattice constant and crystallite size does not exhibit a consistent incremental pattern.This behavior is justified and discussed.The size of all the CZNL ferrite nanoparticles is in the range of 8-12 nm,and the lattice constant is in the range of 8.6230 to 8.4865 nm.The morphological analysis conducted using field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)reveals that the CZNL exhibits agglomerated spherical morphology.The energy dispersive X-ray spectrameter(EDAX)analysis was employed to confirm the elemental composition of CZNL nanoferrites.Since the process entails the substitution of Fe^(3+)magnetic ions with nonmagnetic ions La^(3+),the magnetic parameters of CZNL nanoferrites show a general decreasing trend as predicted.At 20 K,saturation magnetization Ms shows an overall drop in its values from 59.302 emu/g at x=0.0-41.295 emu/g at x=0.1,the smallest value of 37.87 emu/g is recorded at x=0.06.the highest coercivity(H_(c)=125.9 Oe)and remanence(M_(r)=13.32 emu/g)are recorded for x=0.08 and x=0.04 nanoferrite,respectvely.The band gap of all the CZNL nanoferrites was determined using the Kubelka-Munk function and Tauc plot for direct permitted transitions.La doping modifies the band gap(within 1.86-1.75 eV),increases light absorption,induces efficient e/h separation and charge migration to Cu_(0.5)Zn_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)La_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)surfaces.The nanoferrite Cu_(0.5)Zn_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)La_(0.06)Fe_(1.94)O_(4)achieves a degradation efficiency of 97.3%for methylene blue(MB)dye removal after just 60 min.After five recycling processes,the nanocatalyst Cu_(0.5)Zn_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)La_(0.06)Fe_(1.94)O_(4)is degraded by 95.83%,resulting in a negligible1.51%decrease in photocatalytic activity efficiency.The new Cu_(0.5)Zn_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)La_(0.06)Fe_(1.94)O_(4)has exceptional photocatalytic activity and remarkable stability,making it a promising candidate for applications in wastewater treatment.
文摘This work studied the magnetic,dielectric,and mechanical parameters of lanthanum doped cobalt-magnesium ferrite nanoparticles Co_(0.5)Mg_(0.5)La_(x)Fe_(2-x)O4(CMLF)prepared by citrate combustion route.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)spectra show lower band(v_(2))at 391-386 cm^(-1) and upper band(v_(1))at 572-570 cm^(-1),which demonstrate the cubic spinel structure formation for all CMLF nanoferrites.Magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization,remanent magnetization,coer-civity,magnetic moment,anisotropy constant,and initial permittivity were investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The sample Co_(0.5)Mg_(0.5)La_(0.03)Fe_(1.97)O4 has the optimal saturation magnetization of 47.78 emu/g,whereas the sample Co_(0.5)Mg_(0.5)La_(0.15)Fe_(1.85)O4 has a maximum coercivity of 1031 Oe.The dielectric constant,dielectric loss tangent,ac conductivity and impedance(Z)were also investigated with the addition of La ions.With La doping,the dielectric loss value decreases with 52%compared to the pristine sample,indicating it to be a potential candidate for high frequency appli-cations.The ac conductivity graphs exhibit adherence to Jonscher's single power law,indicating that the conduction process is primarily driven by the small polaron tunneling mechanism.Analytical investigation was conducted on the impedance spectroscopy and electric modulus for the CMLF nanoferrites.The nanoferrite Co_(0.5)Mg_(0.5)La_(0.15)Fe_(1.9)O_(4)has the optimum longitudinal modulus(4.60 GPa),shear modulus(0.85 GPa),Young's modulus(2.37 GPa),and bulk modulus(3.46 GPa)compared tothepristine sample.
文摘Upgrading mechanical-dielectric features of ferrites through rare-earth yttrium(Y^(3+))doping provides feasibility to evolving high-frequency electronic devices.This paper reports the mechanical and dielectric properties of Co_(0.5)Cu_(0.25)Zn_(0.25)Y_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)ferrite nanoparticles labeled as CCZYF#0,CCZYF#1,CCZYF#2,CCZYF#3,CCZYF#4 and CCZYF#5 for x=0.0.0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,and 0.1,respectively.The frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric parameters and co nductivity of all CCZYF nanoferrites are well discussed.The nanoferrite CCZYF#5 has the highest dielectric constant(enhancing ratio 170%)and the highest conductivity(enhancing ratio 7125.81%)compared with the undoped sample.Nyquist plots of all CCZYF nano ferrites manifest two arcs;the main reasons for the dielectric process are the grain boundaries and bulk grains.All impedance parameters were determined,which showed the effective role of Y^(3+)ions on their values.The nanoferrite CCZYF#5 has the highest grain boundaries capacitance(with enhancing ratio of 59.40%)and the highest grains capacitance(with enhancing ratio of 22.53%)with a relaxation time decrement efficiency of 62.51%.An ultrasonic flaw detector was utilized to determine the elastic moduli of all CCZYF nanoferrites.The nanoferrite CCZYF#5 has the highest longitudinal modulus(with enhancing ratio of 20.95%),the highest shear modulus(with enhancing ratio of48.72%),highest Young's modulus(with enhancing ratio of 88.47%),the highest bulk modulus(with enhancing ratio 13.27%)and the highest micro hardness(with enhancing ratio 77.77%).Hence,Y3+tuned Co-Cu-Zn nanoferrites possess new opportunities for high-frequency and storage applications.
