Pyrolysis is a thermal conversion process in the absence of air to derive energy components from the residues.Renewable-energy technologies will play a major role in addressing future challenges related to environment...Pyrolysis is a thermal conversion process in the absence of air to derive energy components from the residues.Renewable-energy technologies will play a major role in addressing future challenges related to environmental safety and energy security.One of the many easily available renewable energy sources is biomass-an organic material that is thought to be carbon-neutral.Pyrolysis technology is a thermochemical process that can be used to produce useful products from biomass,such as biochar,bio-oil and combustible pyrolysis gases.The structure and relative product yield are impacted by the pyrolysis method employed.This article evaluates different approaches for biomass pyrolysis.Fast,slow and advanced pyrolysis methods using various pyrolyser reactors have been studied in the literature and are provided to increase the variety and use of these methods in upcoming studies and research.Slow pyrolysis can lead to increased ecological well-being,as it increases the amount of biochar produced using auger and rotary-kiln reactors.Rapid pyrolysis,mainly in fluidized-bed reactors with bubbling and rotating circulation,can be used to obtain bio-oil.Advanced pyrolysis methods offer a good probability of yielding great prosperity for specific applications.The selection of a pyrolysis process is based on the required output in terms of solid,liquid and gaseous fuels,and the parameter plays a crucial role in the pyrolysis performance.展开更多
Solar drying systems are becoming a popular alternative to traditional energy-based drying systems for agricultural products due to their effectiveness and reduced fuel consumption.Although the efficiency of solar dry...Solar drying systems are becoming a popular alternative to traditional energy-based drying systems for agricultural products due to their effectiveness and reduced fuel consumption.Although the efficiency of solar drying systems has been thoroughly investigated,their sustainability has not been studied enough.This study aims to fill that gap by conducting a life-cycle assessment of two new solar drying systems built in Udaipur,Rajasthan,India.The environmental implications of an innovative cylindrical solar-assisted drying system and a phase-change material-based solar drying system were evaluated using cradle-to-gate life-cycle analysis.The study uses the ReCiPe 2016 endpoints(H)technique to calculate various aspects such as midpoint,endpoint,single score,normalization result,and network diagram for phase-change material-based solar drying and cylindrical solar-assisted drying.Results show that phase-change material-based solar drying has an average of 40%more impact on the environment than cylindrical solar-assisted drying,with a high impact found in human non-carcinogenic toxicity,mainly due to the production of phase-change materials.However,cylindrical solar-assisted drying system crossover phase-change material based solar drying in terms of its impact on human carcinogenic toxicity and fossil resource scarcity.The contribution to global warming of phase-change material-based solar drying is 13.7%more than that of cylindrical solar-assisted drying.The endpoint characterization indicates that phase-change material-based solar drying exceeds in terms of human health(40%)and ecosystem(37.04%),whereas cylindrical solar-assisted drying surpasses phase-change material-based solar drying in terms of impacts on resources,at 14%.The early drying in phase-change material-based solar drying makes up for its higher impact than that in cylindrical solar-assisted drying,which takes 3 hours longer to dry.This study offers guidance and methods for making the best choice of solar-powered dryers.展开更多
基金supported by the Department of Renewable Energy Engineering,College of Technology and Engineering,MPUAT,Udaipur,Rajasthan,India.
文摘Pyrolysis is a thermal conversion process in the absence of air to derive energy components from the residues.Renewable-energy technologies will play a major role in addressing future challenges related to environmental safety and energy security.One of the many easily available renewable energy sources is biomass-an organic material that is thought to be carbon-neutral.Pyrolysis technology is a thermochemical process that can be used to produce useful products from biomass,such as biochar,bio-oil and combustible pyrolysis gases.The structure and relative product yield are impacted by the pyrolysis method employed.This article evaluates different approaches for biomass pyrolysis.Fast,slow and advanced pyrolysis methods using various pyrolyser reactors have been studied in the literature and are provided to increase the variety and use of these methods in upcoming studies and research.Slow pyrolysis can lead to increased ecological well-being,as it increases the amount of biochar produced using auger and rotary-kiln reactors.Rapid pyrolysis,mainly in fluidized-bed reactors with bubbling and rotating circulation,can be used to obtain bio-oil.Advanced pyrolysis methods offer a good probability of yielding great prosperity for specific applications.The selection of a pyrolysis process is based on the required output in terms of solid,liquid and gaseous fuels,and the parameter plays a crucial role in the pyrolysis performance.
文摘Solar drying systems are becoming a popular alternative to traditional energy-based drying systems for agricultural products due to their effectiveness and reduced fuel consumption.Although the efficiency of solar drying systems has been thoroughly investigated,their sustainability has not been studied enough.This study aims to fill that gap by conducting a life-cycle assessment of two new solar drying systems built in Udaipur,Rajasthan,India.The environmental implications of an innovative cylindrical solar-assisted drying system and a phase-change material-based solar drying system were evaluated using cradle-to-gate life-cycle analysis.The study uses the ReCiPe 2016 endpoints(H)technique to calculate various aspects such as midpoint,endpoint,single score,normalization result,and network diagram for phase-change material-based solar drying and cylindrical solar-assisted drying.Results show that phase-change material-based solar drying has an average of 40%more impact on the environment than cylindrical solar-assisted drying,with a high impact found in human non-carcinogenic toxicity,mainly due to the production of phase-change materials.However,cylindrical solar-assisted drying system crossover phase-change material based solar drying in terms of its impact on human carcinogenic toxicity and fossil resource scarcity.The contribution to global warming of phase-change material-based solar drying is 13.7%more than that of cylindrical solar-assisted drying.The endpoint characterization indicates that phase-change material-based solar drying exceeds in terms of human health(40%)and ecosystem(37.04%),whereas cylindrical solar-assisted drying surpasses phase-change material-based solar drying in terms of impacts on resources,at 14%.The early drying in phase-change material-based solar drying makes up for its higher impact than that in cylindrical solar-assisted drying,which takes 3 hours longer to dry.This study offers guidance and methods for making the best choice of solar-powered dryers.
