Incorporating nanomaterials into membranes will enhance wastewater treatment efficiency with their unique characteristics,such as higher permeability,thermal stability,surface roughness,hydrophilicity,and fouling cont...Incorporating nanomaterials into membranes will enhance wastewater treatment efficiency with their unique characteristics,such as higher permeability,thermal stability,surface roughness,hydrophilicity,and fouling control.In this study,the surface-modified boron nitride with phosphoric acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester(PA/BN)was grafted with polyethylene glycol(PEG)via conventional grafting.The PEG grafted PA/BN(PEG-g-PA/BN)melt blended with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)resin by using an internal mixer at different mass percentages 100%PVDF(PVDF),3%PEG-g-PA/BN+97%PVDF(97:3 BN),5%PEG-g-PA/BN+95%PVDF(95:5 BN),7%PEG-g-PA/BN+93%PVDF(93:7 BN),and 7%PEG-g-PA/BNNS+93%PVDF(93:7 BNNS).Phase inversion technique was used to cast the blended mixture into a thin membrane.The prepared membranes were analyzed with different characterization techniques to determine chemical composition,crystallinity,morphology,and thermal properties.The prepared composite membrane was evaluated in terms of water permeability,anti-fouling resistance,and solute rejection efficiency with deionized water,bovine serum albumin,and arsenic solution as well.PVDF membranes show high water flux and porosity.The water flux and porosity of the blends decrease as the percentage of PEG-g-PA/BN increases.However,the highest removal capacity for arsenic was observed at 93:7 BN.The adsorption of arsenic ions takes place via complexation with PA/BN in the PVDF matrix.This was confirmed with field emission scanning electron microscopyeenergy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses.展开更多
Selection of materials,as an area of design research,has been under considerable interest over the years.Materials selection is one of the most important activities in the product development process.Inappropriate dec...Selection of materials,as an area of design research,has been under considerable interest over the years.Materials selection is one of the most important activities in the product development process.Inappropriate decision of materials can cause the product to be reproduced or remanufactured.To avoid this circumstance,one of the useful tools that can be employed in determining the most appropriate material is analytical hierarchy process(AHP).To illustrate the application of AHP,six different types of composite materials were considered.The most appropriate one for suitability of use in manufacturing automotive bumper beam was determined by considering eight main selection factors and 12 sub-factors.The AHP analysis reveals that the glass fibre epoxy is the most appropriate material because it has the highest value(25.7%,mass fraction) compared with other materials.The final material is obtained by performing six different scenarios of the sensitivity analysis.It is proved that glass fibre epoxy is the most optimum decision.展开更多
基金financially supported Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme,(R.J130000.7846.4F981).
文摘Incorporating nanomaterials into membranes will enhance wastewater treatment efficiency with their unique characteristics,such as higher permeability,thermal stability,surface roughness,hydrophilicity,and fouling control.In this study,the surface-modified boron nitride with phosphoric acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester(PA/BN)was grafted with polyethylene glycol(PEG)via conventional grafting.The PEG grafted PA/BN(PEG-g-PA/BN)melt blended with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)resin by using an internal mixer at different mass percentages 100%PVDF(PVDF),3%PEG-g-PA/BN+97%PVDF(97:3 BN),5%PEG-g-PA/BN+95%PVDF(95:5 BN),7%PEG-g-PA/BN+93%PVDF(93:7 BN),and 7%PEG-g-PA/BNNS+93%PVDF(93:7 BNNS).Phase inversion technique was used to cast the blended mixture into a thin membrane.The prepared membranes were analyzed with different characterization techniques to determine chemical composition,crystallinity,morphology,and thermal properties.The prepared composite membrane was evaluated in terms of water permeability,anti-fouling resistance,and solute rejection efficiency with deionized water,bovine serum albumin,and arsenic solution as well.PVDF membranes show high water flux and porosity.The water flux and porosity of the blends decrease as the percentage of PEG-g-PA/BN increases.However,the highest removal capacity for arsenic was observed at 93:7 BN.The adsorption of arsenic ions takes place via complexation with PA/BN in the PVDF matrix.This was confirmed with field emission scanning electron microscopyeenergy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses.
基金the financial support through Research University Grant Scheme 2007 (RUG 2007) with vote number 91045
文摘Selection of materials,as an area of design research,has been under considerable interest over the years.Materials selection is one of the most important activities in the product development process.Inappropriate decision of materials can cause the product to be reproduced or remanufactured.To avoid this circumstance,one of the useful tools that can be employed in determining the most appropriate material is analytical hierarchy process(AHP).To illustrate the application of AHP,six different types of composite materials were considered.The most appropriate one for suitability of use in manufacturing automotive bumper beam was determined by considering eight main selection factors and 12 sub-factors.The AHP analysis reveals that the glass fibre epoxy is the most appropriate material because it has the highest value(25.7%,mass fraction) compared with other materials.The final material is obtained by performing six different scenarios of the sensitivity analysis.It is proved that glass fibre epoxy is the most optimum decision.
