Glioblastoma(GBM)is an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis.While immunotherapy has shown promise in treating some solid tumors,the treatment of GBM has been mostly unsuccessful...Glioblastoma(GBM)is an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis.While immunotherapy has shown promise in treating some solid tumors,the treatment of GBM has been mostly unsuccessful because of a lack of targetable tumor antigens and high tumor heterogeneity.Here,we report RCAN1-4 as a novel tumor antigen derived from alternative splicing induced by the transcription factor C/EBPβ.Both C/EBPβand RCAN1-4 are highly expressed in GBM and glioma stem cells as mesenchymal subtype hallmarks.We report an immunogenic HLA-A24-specific splicing junction epitope within exon 4 and exon 5 that is unique to RCAN1-4.This epitope was validated for its ability to stimulate T cell responses in HLA-A24^(+)donors and GBM patients,leading us to identify RCAN1-4-reactive T cell receptors(TCRs)for the construction of TCR-engineered T cells(TCR-T cells).Functional studies of TCR-Ts demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo killing of RCAN1-4pos GBM tumor cells,highlighting its potential as an immunotherapeutic target in mesenchymal GBM.展开更多
Understanding how thermal damage accumulates in granites under cyclic thermal loading is crucial for geoengineering design and stability assessment.Two types of granite with different grain sizes were subjected to mul...Understanding how thermal damage accumulates in granites under cyclic thermal loading is crucial for geoengineering design and stability assessment.Two types of granite with different grain sizes were subjected to multiple heating and cooling cycles at identical or increasing target temperatures using a new apparatus.Acoustic emission(AE)and thermal deformation were monitored simultaneously.Ultrasonic velocity,porosity,and permeability measurements,compression tests,and thin-section petrography were conducted to assess the thermal damage and physical and mechanical properties of the treated specimens.The results indicate that the thermal damage progression exhibits cycle-dependent decay at 300℃,and the thermal deformation tends to be elastic.However,the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)increases after thermal treatment,though the increment decreases with progressive cycles(from 21%to 4%for coarse-grained granite).Progressive temperature cycling induces cumulative damage amplification,manifested by tremendous thermal cracking(the total number of AE hits reaches-170 and 180 times that of the first cycle)and crack density escalation(the crack density reaches-1.6 and 2 times that of the first cycle).AE results reveal that there is a temperature-memory effect in both rock types,and show that thermal stresses are insufficient to generate new thermal damage until the prior exposed temperature is exceeded.Additionally,thermal damage is related to the microstructure of rock:coarse-grained granite with more pre-existing cracks exhibits heating-dominated damage(e.g.94%of the AE energy was generated during heating at 300℃),while fine-grained granite with less inherent damage is more sensitive to cooling(e.g.71%of the AE energy was generated during cooling).Quantitative relationship among P-wave velocity,Young's modulus,and linear crack density provide a good estimation of thermal damage,and can guide assessments of the durability of underground engineering.展开更多
The mineralogy and texture of granite have been found to have a pronounced effect on its mechanical behavior.However,the precise manner in which the texture of granite affects the shear behavior of fractures remains e...The mineralogy and texture of granite have been found to have a pronounced effect on its mechanical behavior.However,the precise manner in which the texture of granite affects the shear behavior of fractures remains enigmatic.In this study,fine-grained granite(FG)and coarse-grained granite(CG)were used to create tensile fractures with surface roughness(i.e.joint roughness coefficient(JRC))within the range of 5.48-8.34 and 12.68-16.5,respectively.The pre-fractured specimens were then subjected to direct shear tests under normal stresses of 1-30 MPa.The results reveal that shear strengths are smaller and stick-slip behaviors are more intense for FG fractures than for CG fractures,which is attributed to the different conditions of the shear surface constrained by the grain size.The smaller grain size in FG contributes to the smoother fracture surface and lower shear strength.The negative friction rate parameter a-b for both CG and FG fractures and the larger shear stiffness for FG than for CG fractures can account for the more intense stick-slip behaviors in FG fractures.The relative crack density for the post-shear CG fractures is greater than that of the FG fractures under the same normal stress,both of which decrease with the distance away from the shear surface following the power law.Moreover,the damage of CG fracture extends to a larger extent beneath the surface compared with the FG fracture.Our findings demonstrate that the grain size of the host rock exerts a significant influence on the fracture roughness,and thus should be incorporated into the assessment of fault slip behavior to better understand the role of mineralogy and texture in seismic activities.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of optoelectronic technology,high-performance photodetectors are increasingly in demand in fields such as environmental monitoring,optical communication,and defense systems,where ultraviolet...With the rapid advancement of optoelectronic technology,high-performance photodetectors are increasingly in demand in fields such as environmental monitoring,optical communication,and defense systems,where ultraviolet detection is critical.However,conventional semiconductor materials suffer from limited UV-visible detection capabilities owing to their narrow bandgaps and high dark currents.To address these challenges,wide-bandgap semiconductors have emerged as promising alternatives.Here,we fabricated a horizontally structured n–n heterojunction photodetector by growingβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) on Si–GaN via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.The device exhibits a self-powered photocurrent of 3.5 nA at zero bias,enabled by the photovoltaic effect of the space charge region.Under 254-nm and 365-nm illumination,it exhibits rectification behavior,achieving a responsivity of 0.475 m A/W(0 V,220??W/cm~2 at 254 nm)and 257.6 mA/W(-5 V),respectively.Notably,the photodetector demonstrates a high photocurrent-to-dark current ratio of 10~5 under-5-V bias,highlighting its potential for self-powered and high-performance UV detection applications.展开更多
Nanocarriers play an important role in drug delivery for disease treatment.However,nanocarriers face a series of physiological barriers after administration such as blood clearance,nonspecific tissue/cell localization...Nanocarriers play an important role in drug delivery for disease treatment.However,nanocarriers face a series of physiological barriers after administration such as blood clearance,nonspecific tissue/cell localization,poor cellular uptake,and endosome trapping.These physiological barriers seriously reduce the accumulation of drugs in target action site,which results in poor therapeutic efficiency.Although polyethylene glycol(PEG)can increase the blood circulation time of nanocarriers,its application is limited due to the“PEG dilemma”.Zwitterionic polymers have been emerging as an appealing alternative to PEG owing to their excellent performance in resisting nonspecific protein adsorption.Importantly,the diverse structures bring functional versatility to zwitterionic polymers beyond nonfouling.This review focuses on the structures and characters of zwitterionic polymers,and will discuss and summarize the application of zwitterionic polymers for drug delivery.We will highlight the strategies of zwitterionic polymers to address the physiological barriers during drug delivery.Finally,we will give some suggestions that can be utilized for the development of zwitterionic polymers for drug delivery.This review will also provide an outlook for this field.Our aim is to provide a comprehensive and systemic review on the application of zwitterionic polymers for drug delivery and promote the development of zwitterionic polymers.展开更多
Cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)is an important fruit crop species whose fruits are enjoyed by many worldwide.An octoploid of hybrid origin,the complex genome of this species was recently sequenced,servin...Cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)is an important fruit crop species whose fruits are enjoyed by many worldwide.An octoploid of hybrid origin,the complex genome of this species was recently sequenced,serving as a key reference genome for cultivated strawberry and related species of the Rosaceae family.The current annotation of the F.ananassa genome mainly relies on ab initio predictions and,to a lesser extent,transcriptome data.Here,we present the structure and functional reannotation of the F.ananassa genome based on one PacBio full-length RNA library and ninety-two Illumina RNA-Seq libraries.This improved annotation of the F.ananassa genome,v1.0.a2,comprises a total of 108,447 gene models,with 97.85%complete BUSCOs.The models of 19,174 genes were modified,360 new genes were identified,and 11,044 genes were found to have alternatively spliced isoforms.Additionally,we constructed a strawberry genome database(SGD)for strawberry gene homolog searching and annotation downloading.Finally,the transcriptome of the receptacles and achenes of F.ananassa at four developmental stages were reanalyzed and qualified,and the expression profiles of all the genes in this annotation are also provided.Together,this study provides an updated annotation of the F.ananassa genome,which will facilitate genomic analyses across the Rosaceae family and gene functional studies in cultivated strawberry.展开更多
In this study,high temperature thermotolerant nitrifying bacteria(TNB)and high temperature thermotolerant sulfide oxidizing bacteria(TSOB)were obtained from compost samples and inoculated into sewage sludge(SS)compost...In this study,high temperature thermotolerant nitrifying bacteria(TNB)and high temperature thermotolerant sulfide oxidizing bacteria(TSOB)were obtained from compost samples and inoculated into sewage sludge(SS)compost.The effects of inoculation on physical and chemical parameters,ammonia and hydrogen sulfide release,nitrogen form and sulfur compound content change and physical-chemical properties during nitrogen and sulfur conversion were studied.The results showed that inoculation of TNB and TSOB increased the temperature,pH,OM degradation,C/N ratio and germination index(GI)of compost.Compared with the control treatment(CK),the addition of inoculants reduced the release of NH_(3) and H_(2)S,and transformed them into nitrogen and sulfur compounds,the hydrolysis of polymeric ferrous sulfate was promoted,resulting in relatively high content of sulfite and sulfate.At the same time,the physical and chemical properties of SS have a strong correlation with nitrogen and sulfur compounds.展开更多
The autonomous navigation capabilities of the lunar roving vehicles(LRVs)rely on optical sensors.However,lunar dust emitted by the wheels diffuses around the rover and causing surface adsorption,threatening the perfor...The autonomous navigation capabilities of the lunar roving vehicles(LRVs)rely on optical sensors.However,lunar dust emitted by the wheels diffuses around the rover and causing surface adsorption,threatening the performance of the optical detection system.This study delves into the distribution of dust emissions caused by rovers and their effects on the light transmission of optical sensors’lenses.A multiscale hierarchical discrete element method(MSH-DEM)incorporating ground experiments was adopted to analyze the dust emissions from LRVs,providing an assessment of dust deposition on sensor lenses under different driving conditions.Results show that the adsorption probability is close to 100%for particle sizes less than 10μm or collision velocities less than 1 m/s.After the LRV traveled forward at a speed of 10 km/h for 1 h,the light transmission of the sun sensor decreases by 5.29%,and that of the star sensor decreases by 1.88%.The two stereo cameras are minimally affected by the dust deposition.Left-steering conditions will increase the dust deposition on the stereo cameras and star sensors located on the right side of the LRV.Uphill conditions have a mitigating effect on lunar dust deposition,while downhill increases the dust deposition on the star sensor.These findings are crucial for assessing the potential impact of lunar dust on optical sensors and the accuracy of autonomous navigation.展开更多
The strawberry axillary meristem can develop into a branch crown(a flowering shoot)or a stolon(a horizontal stem that produces daughter plants),with gibberellin promoting stolon fate.Despite its importance for plant a...The strawberry axillary meristem can develop into a branch crown(a flowering shoot)or a stolon(a horizontal stem that produces daughter plants),with gibberellin promoting stolon fate.Despite its importance for plant architecture,asexual reproduction,and perennial growth,the regulatory mechanism governing this fate decision remains poorly understood.In this study,we found that the juvenile-to-adult transition of the axillary meristem is marked by induction of GA20ox4 expression and the onset of stolon formation.RNA sequencing of staged meristems identified the zinc-finger protein ZFP6,which is strongly coexpressed with GA20ox4.CRISPR-mediated knockout of ZFP6 abolished GA20ox4 expression and eliminated stolon formation,a phenotype rescued by exogenous gibberellin,demonstrating that ZFP6 acts to activate gibberellin biosynthesis and promote stolon formation.Genetic analysis of mutants in the redlight receptor PhyB,together with mutants in gibberellin biosynthesis and signaling,further revealed that red light and PhyB promote axillary meristem maturation,a previously unrecognized developmental stage that precedes fate determination.Taken together,these findings illuminate how developmental stage and environmental cues converge to regulate axillary meristem maturation and fate determination,and identify a stage-specific regulator controlling the switch to stolon formation.展开更多
The damage of rock joints or fractures upon shear includes the surface damage occurring at the contact asperities and the damage beneath the shear surface within the host rock.The latter is commonly known as off-fault...The damage of rock joints or fractures upon shear includes the surface damage occurring at the contact asperities and the damage beneath the shear surface within the host rock.The latter is commonly known as off-fault damage and has been much less investigated than the surface damage.The main contribution of this study is to compare the results of direct shear tests conducted on saw-cut planar joints and tension-induced rough granite joints under normal stresses ranging from 1 MPa to 50 MPa.The shear-induced off-fault damages are quantified and compared with the optical microscope observation.Our results clearly show that the planar joints slip stably under all the normal stresses except under 50 MPa,where some local fractures and regular stick-slip occur towards the end of the test.Both post-peak stress drop and stick-slip occur for all the rough joints.The residual shear strength envelopes for the rough joints and the peak shear strength envelope for the planar joints almost overlap.The root mean square(RMS)of asperity height for the rough joints decreases while it increases for the planar joint after shear,and a larger normal stress usually leads to a more significant decrease or increase in RMS.Besides,the extent of off-fault damage(or damage zone)increases with normal stress for both planar and rough joints,and it is restricted to a very thin layer with limited micro-cracks beneath the planar joint surface.In comparison,the thickness of the damage zone for the rough joints is about an order of magnitude larger than that of the planar joints,and the coalesced micro-cracks are generally inclined to the shear direction with acute angles.The findings obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding on the frictional behavior and damage characteristics of rock joints or fractures with different roughness.展开更多
Background:Children are at risk of extubation failure after congenital heart disease surgery.Such cases should be identified to avoid possible adverse consequences of failed extubation.This study aimed to identify ult...Background:Children are at risk of extubation failure after congenital heart disease surgery.Such cases should be identified to avoid possible adverse consequences of failed extubation.This study aimed to identify ultrasound predictors of successful extubation in children who underwent cardiac surgery.Methods:Children aged 3 months to 6 years who underwent cardiac surgery(if they were intubated for>6 h and underwent a spontaneous breathing trial)were included in this study.Results:We included 83 children who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease.Transthoracic echocardiography and lung ultrasound were performed immediately before spontaneous breathing trials.Upon spontaneous breathing trial completion,respiratory parameters,including arterial blood gas analysis and frequency-to-tidal volume ratio,were similarly recorded.For outcome assessment,all children were followed up for 48 h after extubation.We successfully extubated 57 children(68.7%).These children were significantly older and weighed more but had shorter aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times.Children who could not be weaned or extubated had prolonged total mechanical ventilation and pediatric intensive care unit stay.In the multivariate regression analysis,a lung ultrasound score≥12 and ejection fraction≥40%immediately before spontaneous breathing trials were the only independent predictors of successful extubation.When combined,the lung ultrasound score and an ejection fraction≥40%showed a better diagnostic performance than every other isolated variable(lung ultrasound,N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,and frequency-to-tidal volume ratio).Conclusions:The combination of lung ultrasound and transthoracic echocardiography immediately before the spontaneous breathing trial effectively predicts extubation outcomes in children after cardiac surgery.展开更多
Modular construction as an innovativemethod aids the construction industry in transforming to off-site construction production with high efficiency and environmental friendliness.Despite the obvious advantages,the upt...Modular construction as an innovativemethod aids the construction industry in transforming to off-site construction production with high efficiency and environmental friendliness.Despite the obvious advantages,the uptake of modular construction is not booming as expected.However,previous studies have investigated and summarized the barriers to the adoption ofmodular construction.In this research,a Large-ScaleGroupDecisionMaking(LSGDM)-based analysis is first made of the severity of barriers to modular construction adoption from the perspective of construction stakeholders.In addition,the Technology-Organization-Environment(TOE)framework is utilized to identify the barriers based on three contexts(technology,organization,and environment).The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)and LSGDM models are both implemented for the first time to analyze the severity of the barriers to modular adoption based on questionnaire results from internal and external stakeholders in an organization.Finally,in this research,in-depth insights into the severity of barriers are gained,providing a reference for construction organizations to manage modular adoption.展开更多
Rosaceae is a large plant family consisting of many economically important fruit crops including peach,apple,pear,strawberry,raspberry,plum,and others.Investigations into their growth and development will promote both...Rosaceae is a large plant family consisting of many economically important fruit crops including peach,apple,pear,strawberry,raspberry,plum,and others.Investigations into their growth and development will promote both basic understanding and progress toward increasing fruit yield and quality.With the ever-increasing high-throughput sequencing data of Rosaceae,comparative studies are hindered by inconsistency of sample collection with regard to tissue,stage,growth conditions,and by vastly different handling of the data.Therefore,databases that enable easy access and effective utilization of directly comparable transcript data are highly desirable.Here,we describe a database for comparative analysis,ROsaceae Fruit Transcriptome database(ROFT),based on RNA-seq data generated from the same laboratory using similarly dissected and staged fruit tissues of four important Rosaceae fruit crops:apple,peach,strawberry,and red raspberry.Hence,the database is unique in allowing easy and robust comparisons among fruit gene expression across the four species.ROFT enables researchers to query orthologous genes and their expression patterns during different fruit developmental stages in the four species,identify tissue-specific and tissue-/stage-specific genes,visualize and compare ortholog expression in different fruit types,explore consensus co-expression networks,and download different data types.The database provides users access to vast amounts of RNA-seq data across the four economically important fruits,enables investigations of fruit type specification and evolution,and facilitates the selection of genes with critical roles in fruit development for further studies.展开更多
Xiuzhou folk painting,also known as the Xiuzhou modern folk painting,is a significant carrier of the folk culture in the south of Yangtze River in China.Abundant in forms and themes,the painting unfolds the customs an...Xiuzhou folk painting,also known as the Xiuzhou modern folk painting,is a significant carrier of the folk culture in the south of Yangtze River in China.Abundant in forms and themes,the painting unfolds the customs and practices in the region with its conspicuous appearance,rich colors,full composition and simple style,providing important research value for the study of the region's humanities and culture.With the case study of Xu Zhenzhai,this paper aims to study the color application in Xiuzhou folk painting,facilitate creative design of its packaging and endow it with more practical significance and cultural value of intangible cultural heritage so as to facilitate the protection and inheritance of traditional local culture in the region.展开更多
Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)are non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems that show great potential in vaccine development and disease treatment.Although LNPs are particularly advantageous for in vivo delivery,the wide app...Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)are non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems that show great potential in vaccine development and disease treatment.Although LNPs are particularly advantageous for in vivo delivery,the wide application of LNPs is impeded as their systemic delivery of nucleic acid drugs to extrahepatic tissues remains highly challenging.To address this issue,we developed lung-targeted polyzwitterionic LNPs with zwitterionic polymer poly(2-methyacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)(PMPC)modified 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol lipid for the delivery of small interfering RNA(si RNA).Three libraries with 90 PMPC-LNPs@siRNA were established.The polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs had high siRNA encapsulation efficiency of about 90%.The findings revealed that polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs@siRNA absorbed protein corona with the main component of Vitronectin,mediating lung-targeted delivery of siRNA.With good cellular uptake and endo/lysosomal escape ability,in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs with siRNA against tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)could significantly down-regulate the TNF-αin mRNA and protein levels,and improved the pathological features of lung inflammation.Polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs@siRNA achieved safe and efficient treatment of lung inflammation.Therefore,this work offered a promising siRNA therapeutic approach for lung diseases.展开更多
The Wide-Lane(WL)and Narrow-Lane(NL)Uncalibrated Phase Delays(UPDs)are the prerequisites in the traditional Precise Point Positioning(PPP)Ambiguity Resolution(AR).As the generation mechanism of various biases becomes ...The Wide-Lane(WL)and Narrow-Lane(NL)Uncalibrated Phase Delays(UPDs)are the prerequisites in the traditional Precise Point Positioning(PPP)Ambiguity Resolution(AR).As the generation mechanism of various biases becomes more complex,we systematically studied the impact factors of four satellite systems WL and NL UPDs from the perspective of parameter estimation.Approximately 100 stations in a global network are used to generate the UPDs.The results of different satellite systems show that the estimation method,update frequency,and solution mode need to be treated differently.Two regional networks with different receiver types,JAVAD,and Trimble,are also adopted.The results indicate that the receiver-dependent bias has an influence on UPD estimation.Also,the hardware delays can inhibit the satellite-side UPDs if these receiver-specific errors are not fully deployed or even misused.Furthermore,the temporal stability and residual distribution of NL UPDs are significantly enhanced by utilizing a regional network,with the improvements by over 68%and 40%,respectively.It demonstrates that different network scales exhibit the different implication of unmodeled errors,and the unmodeled errors cannot be ignored and must be handled in UPD estimation.展开更多
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor(LILR)B4(also known as ILT3/CD85k)is an immune checkpoint protein that is highly expressed in solid tumors and hematological malignancies and plays a significant role in the patho...Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor(LILR)B4(also known as ILT3/CD85k)is an immune checkpoint protein that is highly expressed in solid tumors and hematological malignancies and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of cancer.LILRB4 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia(AML),and this phenotype is associated with adverse patient outcomes.Its differential expression in tumors compared to normal tissues,its presence in tumor stem cells,and its multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis position it as a promising therapeutic target in AML.Currently,several immunotherapies targeting LILRB4 are undergoing clinical trials.This review summarizes advancements made in the study of LILRB4 in AML,focusing on its structure,ligands,expression,and significance in normal tissues and AML;its protumorigenic effects and mechanisms in AML;and the application of LILRB4-targeted therapies in AML.These insights highlight the potential advantages of LILRB4 as an immunotherapeutic target in the context of AML.展开更多
Apart from the inherent material characteristics,the regulation of device performance is also inseparable from the interface states for photodetector(PD)devices.In this paper,aβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)/Sn-Ga_(2)O_(3) film was pr...Apart from the inherent material characteristics,the regulation of device performance is also inseparable from the interface states for photodetector(PD)devices.In this paper,aβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)/Sn-Ga_(2)O_(3) film was prepared by a facile-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology to explore the impact of n-N homogeneous interface design on the performance of PD.Thanks to the formation of a depletion layer on the Sn-Ga_(2)O_(3) side at the homogeneous interface,a self-powered supply with an open-circuit voltage of~100 mV is successfully achieved.Moreover,a peculiar phenomenon that the rectification direction of theβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)/Sn-Ga_(2)O_(3) n-N homojunction device can be controlled by light irradiation is also worthy of attention,which should be fundamentally attributed to the reversal of Fermi-levels controlled by light irradiation.In this case,the photo-to-dark current ratio can reach up to 1.19×105 under the voltage of 5 V.To a certain extent,this work implies the potential application prospects of the homogeneous structural interface design through same-type doped concentrations difference on the high-performance PDs.展开更多
In recent years,co-doping has gained widespread attention with the advantages of higher solubility,more carrier concentration,etc.Although more impurity energy levels will be introduced by co-doping,this can be in fav...In recent years,co-doping has gained widespread attention with the advantages of higher solubility,more carrier concentration,etc.Although more impurity energy levels will be introduced by co-doping,this can be in favor of appropriate application in the memory-effect device instead.Herein,the In and Sn co-doped gallium oxide(InSn-Ga_(2)O_(3))film has been successfully grown on sapphire substrates using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology.Compared with pure Ga_(2)O_(3),InSn-Ga_(2)O_(3)exhibits a significantly increased carrier concentration and numerous defects,and thus results in a slow carrier recombination process and a prolonged recovery time after illumination,which endows InSn-Ga_(2)O_(3)with a certain memory function.Moreover,the first-principles calculation is utilized to analyze band structure evolution after the In and Sn co-doping,indicating the positive impact of multiple shallow impurity energy levels on improving conductivity and extending the recombination time of the photo-generated carriers in the InSn-Ga_(2)O_(3)device.In all,this work demonstrates superior memory characteristics of Ga_(2)O_(3)after co-doping operation and expands the potential applications of Ga_(2)O_(3)in optoelectronic synapses and image storage devices.展开更多
基金supported by the Botha-Chan Research Fund,the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through award no.HT9425-24-1-0623(I.R.)the Brain Tumor Funders'Collaborative,the Ellie Kavalieros DIPG Research Fund+6 种基金the UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh Foundation(G.K.,I.R.)the Children’s Brain Tumor Network(I.F.P.),a stipend from the Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh(Z.X.)by grant NS117742 from the National Institute of Health(T.G.F.)support from the Jesse H.&Mary Jones Gibbs Endowed Chair(T.G.F)supported in part by the University of Pittsburgh Center for Research Computing,RRID:SCR_022735through NIH award number S10OD028483Work performed in the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Tissue and Research Pathology Services Shared Resource Facility and the services and instruments used in this project were supported,in part,by the University of Pittsburgh and the NCI of the NIH under Award Number P30CA047904.
文摘Glioblastoma(GBM)is an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis.While immunotherapy has shown promise in treating some solid tumors,the treatment of GBM has been mostly unsuccessful because of a lack of targetable tumor antigens and high tumor heterogeneity.Here,we report RCAN1-4 as a novel tumor antigen derived from alternative splicing induced by the transcription factor C/EBPβ.Both C/EBPβand RCAN1-4 are highly expressed in GBM and glioma stem cells as mesenchymal subtype hallmarks.We report an immunogenic HLA-A24-specific splicing junction epitope within exon 4 and exon 5 that is unique to RCAN1-4.This epitope was validated for its ability to stimulate T cell responses in HLA-A24^(+)donors and GBM patients,leading us to identify RCAN1-4-reactive T cell receptors(TCRs)for the construction of TCR-engineered T cells(TCR-T cells).Functional studies of TCR-Ts demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo killing of RCAN1-4pos GBM tumor cells,highlighting its potential as an immunotherapeutic target in mesenchymal GBM.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51879135supported by the Taishan Scholars Program(Grant No.ZR2021ME099)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.SKLGME023003。
文摘Understanding how thermal damage accumulates in granites under cyclic thermal loading is crucial for geoengineering design and stability assessment.Two types of granite with different grain sizes were subjected to multiple heating and cooling cycles at identical or increasing target temperatures using a new apparatus.Acoustic emission(AE)and thermal deformation were monitored simultaneously.Ultrasonic velocity,porosity,and permeability measurements,compression tests,and thin-section petrography were conducted to assess the thermal damage and physical and mechanical properties of the treated specimens.The results indicate that the thermal damage progression exhibits cycle-dependent decay at 300℃,and the thermal deformation tends to be elastic.However,the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)increases after thermal treatment,though the increment decreases with progressive cycles(from 21%to 4%for coarse-grained granite).Progressive temperature cycling induces cumulative damage amplification,manifested by tremendous thermal cracking(the total number of AE hits reaches-170 and 180 times that of the first cycle)and crack density escalation(the crack density reaches-1.6 and 2 times that of the first cycle).AE results reveal that there is a temperature-memory effect in both rock types,and show that thermal stresses are insufficient to generate new thermal damage until the prior exposed temperature is exceeded.Additionally,thermal damage is related to the microstructure of rock:coarse-grained granite with more pre-existing cracks exhibits heating-dominated damage(e.g.94%of the AE energy was generated during heating at 300℃),while fine-grained granite with less inherent damage is more sensitive to cooling(e.g.71%of the AE energy was generated during cooling).Quantitative relationship among P-wave velocity,Young's modulus,and linear crack density provide a good estimation of thermal damage,and can guide assessments of the durability of underground engineering.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52309130)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2022QD004).
文摘The mineralogy and texture of granite have been found to have a pronounced effect on its mechanical behavior.However,the precise manner in which the texture of granite affects the shear behavior of fractures remains enigmatic.In this study,fine-grained granite(FG)and coarse-grained granite(CG)were used to create tensile fractures with surface roughness(i.e.joint roughness coefficient(JRC))within the range of 5.48-8.34 and 12.68-16.5,respectively.The pre-fractured specimens were then subjected to direct shear tests under normal stresses of 1-30 MPa.The results reveal that shear strengths are smaller and stick-slip behaviors are more intense for FG fractures than for CG fractures,which is attributed to the different conditions of the shear surface constrained by the grain size.The smaller grain size in FG contributes to the smoother fracture surface and lower shear strength.The negative friction rate parameter a-b for both CG and FG fractures and the larger shear stiffness for FG than for CG fractures can account for the more intense stick-slip behaviors in FG fractures.The relative crack density for the post-shear CG fractures is greater than that of the FG fractures under the same normal stress,both of which decrease with the distance away from the shear surface following the power law.Moreover,the damage of CG fracture extends to a larger extent beneath the surface compared with the FG fracture.Our findings demonstrate that the grain size of the host rock exerts a significant influence on the fracture roughness,and thus should be incorporated into the assessment of fault slip behavior to better understand the role of mineralogy and texture in seismic activities.
基金Project supported by the Joints Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20349)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62204126,62305171,62304113)。
文摘With the rapid advancement of optoelectronic technology,high-performance photodetectors are increasingly in demand in fields such as environmental monitoring,optical communication,and defense systems,where ultraviolet detection is critical.However,conventional semiconductor materials suffer from limited UV-visible detection capabilities owing to their narrow bandgaps and high dark currents.To address these challenges,wide-bandgap semiconductors have emerged as promising alternatives.Here,we fabricated a horizontally structured n–n heterojunction photodetector by growingβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) on Si–GaN via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.The device exhibits a self-powered photocurrent of 3.5 nA at zero bias,enabled by the photovoltaic effect of the space charge region.Under 254-nm and 365-nm illumination,it exhibits rectification behavior,achieving a responsivity of 0.475 m A/W(0 V,220??W/cm~2 at 254 nm)and 257.6 mA/W(-5 V),respectively.Notably,the photodetector demonstrates a high photocurrent-to-dark current ratio of 10~5 under-5-V bias,highlighting its potential for self-powered and high-performance UV detection applications.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.06500230)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071391)the Beijing Nova Program(No.Z201100006820140).
文摘Nanocarriers play an important role in drug delivery for disease treatment.However,nanocarriers face a series of physiological barriers after administration such as blood clearance,nonspecific tissue/cell localization,poor cellular uptake,and endosome trapping.These physiological barriers seriously reduce the accumulation of drugs in target action site,which results in poor therapeutic efficiency.Although polyethylene glycol(PEG)can increase the blood circulation time of nanocarriers,its application is limited due to the“PEG dilemma”.Zwitterionic polymers have been emerging as an appealing alternative to PEG owing to their excellent performance in resisting nonspecific protein adsorption.Importantly,the diverse structures bring functional versatility to zwitterionic polymers beyond nonfouling.This review focuses on the structures and characters of zwitterionic polymers,and will discuss and summarize the application of zwitterionic polymers for drug delivery.We will highlight the strategies of zwitterionic polymers to address the physiological barriers during drug delivery.Finally,we will give some suggestions that can be utilized for the development of zwitterionic polymers for drug delivery.This review will also provide an outlook for this field.Our aim is to provide a comprehensive and systemic review on the application of zwitterionic polymers for drug delivery and promote the development of zwitterionic polymers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601743)the Young Talent Development Program of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Q2018027)+2 种基金the Major Program for Technical Innovation of Hubei Province(2018ABA071)M.L.and Z.L.were supported by a National Science Foundation grant(IOS 1444987)Z.L.was also supported by a USDA grant(NIFA 11889048).
文摘Cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)is an important fruit crop species whose fruits are enjoyed by many worldwide.An octoploid of hybrid origin,the complex genome of this species was recently sequenced,serving as a key reference genome for cultivated strawberry and related species of the Rosaceae family.The current annotation of the F.ananassa genome mainly relies on ab initio predictions and,to a lesser extent,transcriptome data.Here,we present the structure and functional reannotation of the F.ananassa genome based on one PacBio full-length RNA library and ninety-two Illumina RNA-Seq libraries.This improved annotation of the F.ananassa genome,v1.0.a2,comprises a total of 108,447 gene models,with 97.85%complete BUSCOs.The models of 19,174 genes were modified,360 new genes were identified,and 11,044 genes were found to have alternatively spliced isoforms.Additionally,we constructed a strawberry genome database(SGD)for strawberry gene homolog searching and annotation downloading.Finally,the transcriptome of the receptacles and achenes of F.ananassa at four developmental stages were reanalyzed and qualified,and the expression profiles of all the genes in this annotation are also provided.Together,this study provides an updated annotation of the F.ananassa genome,which will facilitate genomic analyses across the Rosaceae family and gene functional studies in cultivated strawberry.
基金This work was supported by the Wild Goose Array Special Projects(No.2023STYZ002)Heilongjiang Provincial Research Institute Project(Nos.2023SSKY001 and 2022SSKY003).
文摘In this study,high temperature thermotolerant nitrifying bacteria(TNB)and high temperature thermotolerant sulfide oxidizing bacteria(TSOB)were obtained from compost samples and inoculated into sewage sludge(SS)compost.The effects of inoculation on physical and chemical parameters,ammonia and hydrogen sulfide release,nitrogen form and sulfur compound content change and physical-chemical properties during nitrogen and sulfur conversion were studied.The results showed that inoculation of TNB and TSOB increased the temperature,pH,OM degradation,C/N ratio and germination index(GI)of compost.Compared with the control treatment(CK),the addition of inoculants reduced the release of NH_(3) and H_(2)S,and transformed them into nitrogen and sulfur compounds,the hydrolysis of polymeric ferrous sulfate was promoted,resulting in relatively high content of sulfite and sulfate.At the same time,the physical and chemical properties of SS have a strong correlation with nitrogen and sulfur compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12272141)。
文摘The autonomous navigation capabilities of the lunar roving vehicles(LRVs)rely on optical sensors.However,lunar dust emitted by the wheels diffuses around the rover and causing surface adsorption,threatening the performance of the optical detection system.This study delves into the distribution of dust emissions caused by rovers and their effects on the light transmission of optical sensors’lenses.A multiscale hierarchical discrete element method(MSH-DEM)incorporating ground experiments was adopted to analyze the dust emissions from LRVs,providing an assessment of dust deposition on sensor lenses under different driving conditions.Results show that the adsorption probability is close to 100%for particle sizes less than 10μm or collision velocities less than 1 m/s.After the LRV traveled forward at a speed of 10 km/h for 1 h,the light transmission of the sun sensor decreases by 5.29%,and that of the star sensor decreases by 1.88%.The two stereo cameras are minimally affected by the dust deposition.Left-steering conditions will increase the dust deposition on the stereo cameras and star sensors located on the right side of the LRV.Uphill conditions have a mitigating effect on lunar dust deposition,while downhill increases the dust deposition on the star sensor.These findings are crucial for assessing the potential impact of lunar dust on optical sensors and the accuracy of autonomous navigation.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation Award(IOS1935169)to Z.L.
文摘The strawberry axillary meristem can develop into a branch crown(a flowering shoot)or a stolon(a horizontal stem that produces daughter plants),with gibberellin promoting stolon fate.Despite its importance for plant architecture,asexual reproduction,and perennial growth,the regulatory mechanism governing this fate decision remains poorly understood.In this study,we found that the juvenile-to-adult transition of the axillary meristem is marked by induction of GA20ox4 expression and the onset of stolon formation.RNA sequencing of staged meristems identified the zinc-finger protein ZFP6,which is strongly coexpressed with GA20ox4.CRISPR-mediated knockout of ZFP6 abolished GA20ox4 expression and eliminated stolon formation,a phenotype rescued by exogenous gibberellin,demonstrating that ZFP6 acts to activate gibberellin biosynthesis and promote stolon formation.Genetic analysis of mutants in the redlight receptor PhyB,together with mutants in gibberellin biosynthesis and signaling,further revealed that red light and PhyB promote axillary meristem maturation,a previously unrecognized developmental stage that precedes fate determination.Taken together,these findings illuminate how developmental stage and environmental cues converge to regulate axillary meristem maturation and fate determination,and identify a stage-specific regulator controlling the switch to stolon formation.
基金financial support from Taishan Scholars Program(Grant No.2019KJG002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42272329 and 52279116).
文摘The damage of rock joints or fractures upon shear includes the surface damage occurring at the contact asperities and the damage beneath the shear surface within the host rock.The latter is commonly known as off-fault damage and has been much less investigated than the surface damage.The main contribution of this study is to compare the results of direct shear tests conducted on saw-cut planar joints and tension-induced rough granite joints under normal stresses ranging from 1 MPa to 50 MPa.The shear-induced off-fault damages are quantified and compared with the optical microscope observation.Our results clearly show that the planar joints slip stably under all the normal stresses except under 50 MPa,where some local fractures and regular stick-slip occur towards the end of the test.Both post-peak stress drop and stick-slip occur for all the rough joints.The residual shear strength envelopes for the rough joints and the peak shear strength envelope for the planar joints almost overlap.The root mean square(RMS)of asperity height for the rough joints decreases while it increases for the planar joint after shear,and a larger normal stress usually leads to a more significant decrease or increase in RMS.Besides,the extent of off-fault damage(or damage zone)increases with normal stress for both planar and rough joints,and it is restricted to a very thin layer with limited micro-cracks beneath the planar joint surface.In comparison,the thickness of the damage zone for the rough joints is about an order of magnitude larger than that of the planar joints,and the coalesced micro-cracks are generally inclined to the shear direction with acute angles.The findings obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding on the frictional behavior and damage characteristics of rock joints or fractures with different roughness.
基金This study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3332020018)Yunnan Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Center Project(No.FZX2019-06-01).
文摘Background:Children are at risk of extubation failure after congenital heart disease surgery.Such cases should be identified to avoid possible adverse consequences of failed extubation.This study aimed to identify ultrasound predictors of successful extubation in children who underwent cardiac surgery.Methods:Children aged 3 months to 6 years who underwent cardiac surgery(if they were intubated for>6 h and underwent a spontaneous breathing trial)were included in this study.Results:We included 83 children who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease.Transthoracic echocardiography and lung ultrasound were performed immediately before spontaneous breathing trials.Upon spontaneous breathing trial completion,respiratory parameters,including arterial blood gas analysis and frequency-to-tidal volume ratio,were similarly recorded.For outcome assessment,all children were followed up for 48 h after extubation.We successfully extubated 57 children(68.7%).These children were significantly older and weighed more but had shorter aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times.Children who could not be weaned or extubated had prolonged total mechanical ventilation and pediatric intensive care unit stay.In the multivariate regression analysis,a lung ultrasound score≥12 and ejection fraction≥40%immediately before spontaneous breathing trials were the only independent predictors of successful extubation.When combined,the lung ultrasound score and an ejection fraction≥40%showed a better diagnostic performance than every other isolated variable(lung ultrasound,N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,and frequency-to-tidal volume ratio).Conclusions:The combination of lung ultrasound and transthoracic echocardiography immediately before the spontaneous breathing trial effectively predicts extubation outcomes in children after cardiac surgery.
文摘Modular construction as an innovativemethod aids the construction industry in transforming to off-site construction production with high efficiency and environmental friendliness.Despite the obvious advantages,the uptake of modular construction is not booming as expected.However,previous studies have investigated and summarized the barriers to the adoption ofmodular construction.In this research,a Large-ScaleGroupDecisionMaking(LSGDM)-based analysis is first made of the severity of barriers to modular construction adoption from the perspective of construction stakeholders.In addition,the Technology-Organization-Environment(TOE)framework is utilized to identify the barriers based on three contexts(technology,organization,and environment).The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)and LSGDM models are both implemented for the first time to analyze the severity of the barriers to modular adoption based on questionnaire results from internal and external stakeholders in an organization.Finally,in this research,in-depth insights into the severity of barriers are gained,providing a reference for construction organizations to manage modular adoption.
基金We would like to thank Mr.Andrew Tong for help in implementing the hyperlinks of the database and members of the Liu lab for helpful comments on the website.This work has been supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation(NSF)(IOS-1444987)to ZLSMM.ML was supported in part by an National Science Foundation award(DGE-1632976).
文摘Rosaceae is a large plant family consisting of many economically important fruit crops including peach,apple,pear,strawberry,raspberry,plum,and others.Investigations into their growth and development will promote both basic understanding and progress toward increasing fruit yield and quality.With the ever-increasing high-throughput sequencing data of Rosaceae,comparative studies are hindered by inconsistency of sample collection with regard to tissue,stage,growth conditions,and by vastly different handling of the data.Therefore,databases that enable easy access and effective utilization of directly comparable transcript data are highly desirable.Here,we describe a database for comparative analysis,ROsaceae Fruit Transcriptome database(ROFT),based on RNA-seq data generated from the same laboratory using similarly dissected and staged fruit tissues of four important Rosaceae fruit crops:apple,peach,strawberry,and red raspberry.Hence,the database is unique in allowing easy and robust comparisons among fruit gene expression across the four species.ROFT enables researchers to query orthologous genes and their expression patterns during different fruit developmental stages in the four species,identify tissue-specific and tissue-/stage-specific genes,visualize and compare ortholog expression in different fruit types,explore consensus co-expression networks,and download different data types.The database provides users access to vast amounts of RNA-seq data across the four economically important fruits,enables investigations of fruit type specification and evolution,and facilitates the selection of genes with critical roles in fruit development for further studies.
文摘Xiuzhou folk painting,also known as the Xiuzhou modern folk painting,is a significant carrier of the folk culture in the south of Yangtze River in China.Abundant in forms and themes,the painting unfolds the customs and practices in the region with its conspicuous appearance,rich colors,full composition and simple style,providing important research value for the study of the region's humanities and culture.With the case study of Xu Zhenzhai,this paper aims to study the color application in Xiuzhou folk painting,facilitate creative design of its packaging and endow it with more practical significance and cultural value of intangible cultural heritage so as to facilitate the protection and inheritance of traditional local culture in the region.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071391)the Beijing Nova Program (20230484423)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (06500230,FRF-BR-23-02B)。
文摘Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)are non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems that show great potential in vaccine development and disease treatment.Although LNPs are particularly advantageous for in vivo delivery,the wide application of LNPs is impeded as their systemic delivery of nucleic acid drugs to extrahepatic tissues remains highly challenging.To address this issue,we developed lung-targeted polyzwitterionic LNPs with zwitterionic polymer poly(2-methyacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)(PMPC)modified 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol lipid for the delivery of small interfering RNA(si RNA).Three libraries with 90 PMPC-LNPs@siRNA were established.The polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs had high siRNA encapsulation efficiency of about 90%.The findings revealed that polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs@siRNA absorbed protein corona with the main component of Vitronectin,mediating lung-targeted delivery of siRNA.With good cellular uptake and endo/lysosomal escape ability,in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs with siRNA against tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)could significantly down-regulate the TNF-αin mRNA and protein levels,and improved the pathological features of lung inflammation.Polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs@siRNA achieved safe and efficient treatment of lung inflammation.Therefore,this work offered a promising siRNA therapeutic approach for lung diseases.
基金This study is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20B2056,42004014,41974001)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200530).
文摘The Wide-Lane(WL)and Narrow-Lane(NL)Uncalibrated Phase Delays(UPDs)are the prerequisites in the traditional Precise Point Positioning(PPP)Ambiguity Resolution(AR).As the generation mechanism of various biases becomes more complex,we systematically studied the impact factors of four satellite systems WL and NL UPDs from the perspective of parameter estimation.Approximately 100 stations in a global network are used to generate the UPDs.The results of different satellite systems show that the estimation method,update frequency,and solution mode need to be treated differently.Two regional networks with different receiver types,JAVAD,and Trimble,are also adopted.The results indicate that the receiver-dependent bias has an influence on UPD estimation.Also,the hardware delays can inhibit the satellite-side UPDs if these receiver-specific errors are not fully deployed or even misused.Furthermore,the temporal stability and residual distribution of NL UPDs are significantly enhanced by utilizing a regional network,with the improvements by over 68%and 40%,respectively.It demonstrates that different network scales exhibit the different implication of unmodeled errors,and the unmodeled errors cannot be ignored and must be handled in UPD estimation.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82350105,82270228,and 82070184)Science,Technology&Innovation Project of Xiongan New area(No.2023XACX0004)+1 种基金Beijing Nova Program(No.20220484235)Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Peking University People’s Hospital Research and Development Funds(No.RDL2021-01)。
文摘Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor(LILR)B4(also known as ILT3/CD85k)is an immune checkpoint protein that is highly expressed in solid tumors and hematological malignancies and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of cancer.LILRB4 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia(AML),and this phenotype is associated with adverse patient outcomes.Its differential expression in tumors compared to normal tissues,its presence in tumor stem cells,and its multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis position it as a promising therapeutic target in AML.Currently,several immunotherapies targeting LILRB4 are undergoing clinical trials.This review summarizes advancements made in the study of LILRB4 in AML,focusing on its structure,ligands,expression,and significance in normal tissues and AML;its protumorigenic effects and mechanisms in AML;and the application of LILRB4-targeted therapies in AML.These insights highlight the potential advantages of LILRB4 as an immunotherapeutic target in the context of AML.
基金supported by the Joints Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20349)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62204126,62305171,62304113)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20230361,BK20241464)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.23KJB510017)the Jiangsu Provincial Team of Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.JSSCTD202351)the Natural Science Research Startup Foundation of Recuring Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant No.XK1060921119).
文摘Apart from the inherent material characteristics,the regulation of device performance is also inseparable from the interface states for photodetector(PD)devices.In this paper,aβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)/Sn-Ga_(2)O_(3) film was prepared by a facile-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology to explore the impact of n-N homogeneous interface design on the performance of PD.Thanks to the formation of a depletion layer on the Sn-Ga_(2)O_(3) side at the homogeneous interface,a self-powered supply with an open-circuit voltage of~100 mV is successfully achieved.Moreover,a peculiar phenomenon that the rectification direction of theβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)/Sn-Ga_(2)O_(3) n-N homojunction device can be controlled by light irradiation is also worthy of attention,which should be fundamentally attributed to the reversal of Fermi-levels controlled by light irradiation.In this case,the photo-to-dark current ratio can reach up to 1.19×105 under the voltage of 5 V.To a certain extent,this work implies the potential application prospects of the homogeneous structural interface design through same-type doped concentrations difference on the high-performance PDs.
基金supported by the Joints Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20349)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62204126,62305171,12104128,and 52402147)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20230361 and BK20241464)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.23KJB510017)the Jiangsu Provincial Team of Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.JSSCTD202351)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20233500)。
文摘In recent years,co-doping has gained widespread attention with the advantages of higher solubility,more carrier concentration,etc.Although more impurity energy levels will be introduced by co-doping,this can be in favor of appropriate application in the memory-effect device instead.Herein,the In and Sn co-doped gallium oxide(InSn-Ga_(2)O_(3))film has been successfully grown on sapphire substrates using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology.Compared with pure Ga_(2)O_(3),InSn-Ga_(2)O_(3)exhibits a significantly increased carrier concentration and numerous defects,and thus results in a slow carrier recombination process and a prolonged recovery time after illumination,which endows InSn-Ga_(2)O_(3)with a certain memory function.Moreover,the first-principles calculation is utilized to analyze band structure evolution after the In and Sn co-doping,indicating the positive impact of multiple shallow impurity energy levels on improving conductivity and extending the recombination time of the photo-generated carriers in the InSn-Ga_(2)O_(3)device.In all,this work demonstrates superior memory characteristics of Ga_(2)O_(3)after co-doping operation and expands the potential applications of Ga_(2)O_(3)in optoelectronic synapses and image storage devices.
