At least 600000 individuals worldwide annually die of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related diseases,such as chronic hepatitis B(CHB),liver cirrhosis(LC),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Many viral factors,such as viral loa...At least 600000 individuals worldwide annually die of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related diseases,such as chronic hepatitis B(CHB),liver cirrhosis(LC),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Many viral factors,such as viral load,genotype,and specific viral mutations,are known to affect disease progression.HBV reverse transcriptase does not have a proofreading function,therefore,many HBV genotypes,sub-genotypes,mutants,and recombinants emerge.Differences between genotypes in response to antiviral treatment have been determined.To date,10 HBV genotypes,scattered across different geographical regions,have been identified.For example,genotype A has a tendency for chronicity,whereas viral mutations are frequently encountered in genotype C.Both chronicity and mutation frequency are common in genotype D.LC and progression to HCC are more commonly encountered with genotypes C and D than the other genotypes.Pathogenic differences between HBV genotypes explain disease intensity,progression to LC,and HCC.In conclusion,genotype determination in CHB infection is important in estimating disease progression and planning optimal antiviral treatment.展开更多
AIM: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains isolated worldwide has been classified into eight genomic groups deduced from genome comparisons and designated as genotypes A to H. We aimed to investigate prevalence of HBV genot...AIM: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains isolated worldwide has been classified into eight genomic groups deduced from genome comparisons and designated as genotypes A to H. We aimed to investigate prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in Turkey.METHODS: A total of 88 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients from 15 hospitals throughout the country were included.Patients who were HBsAg positive in serum at least for 6 mo, who had HBV-DNA in serum and elevation of ALT levels more than two times upper limit of normal, and who had percutaneous liver biopsy within 6 mo were included. Genotyping of HBV was done by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The patients received subcutaneous 9 MU interferon-α 2a thrice a week for a period of 6 mo.RESULTS: Genotype D was detected in 78 of 88 (88.7%)patients, however, genotyping failed in two patients (2.3%),while no product was obtained in eight (9.0%) patients.Regarding subtypes, D2 was more prevalent (67 patients between 78% and 85.9%) followed by subtype D2+deletion (seven patients of 78 or 8.9%), subtype D1 (three patients of 78% or 3.9%) and subtype D3 (one patient of 78% or 1.3%). Thirty-three patients (37.5%) were HBeAg positive compared to 55 (62.5%) anti-HBe positive patients. The endpoint for the viral response of HBeAg positive patients was 27.2%, while it was found 52.7% in HBeAg negative patients (P＜0.05). Long-term persistent viral response was 29.5% for all patients.CONCLUSION: This multi-center study indicates that the predominant genotype with CHB patients in Turkey like in other Mediterranean countries is genotype D.展开更多
Two cases of acute pancreatitis with leptospirosis are reported in this article. Case 1: A 68-year-old woman,presented initially with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting,and jaundice. She was in poor general condition, a...Two cases of acute pancreatitis with leptospirosis are reported in this article. Case 1: A 68-year-old woman,presented initially with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting,and jaundice. She was in poor general condition, and had acute abdominal signs and symptoms on physical examination. Emergency laparotomy was performed, acute pancreatitis and leptospirosis were diagnosed on the basis of surgical findings and serological tests. The patient died on postoperative d 6. Case 2: A 62-year-old man, presented with fever, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and malaise. Acute pancreatitis associated with leptospirosis was diagnosed,according to abdominal CT scanning and serological tests.The patient recovered fully with antibiotic treatment and nutritional support within 19 d.展开更多
文摘At least 600000 individuals worldwide annually die of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related diseases,such as chronic hepatitis B(CHB),liver cirrhosis(LC),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Many viral factors,such as viral load,genotype,and specific viral mutations,are known to affect disease progression.HBV reverse transcriptase does not have a proofreading function,therefore,many HBV genotypes,sub-genotypes,mutants,and recombinants emerge.Differences between genotypes in response to antiviral treatment have been determined.To date,10 HBV genotypes,scattered across different geographical regions,have been identified.For example,genotype A has a tendency for chronicity,whereas viral mutations are frequently encountered in genotype C.Both chronicity and mutation frequency are common in genotype D.LC and progression to HCC are more commonly encountered with genotypes C and D than the other genotypes.Pathogenic differences between HBV genotypes explain disease intensity,progression to LC,and HCC.In conclusion,genotype determination in CHB infection is important in estimating disease progression and planning optimal antiviral treatment.
基金Supported by a grant from ROCHE Pharmaceuticals, Turkey
文摘AIM: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains isolated worldwide has been classified into eight genomic groups deduced from genome comparisons and designated as genotypes A to H. We aimed to investigate prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in Turkey.METHODS: A total of 88 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients from 15 hospitals throughout the country were included.Patients who were HBsAg positive in serum at least for 6 mo, who had HBV-DNA in serum and elevation of ALT levels more than two times upper limit of normal, and who had percutaneous liver biopsy within 6 mo were included. Genotyping of HBV was done by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The patients received subcutaneous 9 MU interferon-α 2a thrice a week for a period of 6 mo.RESULTS: Genotype D was detected in 78 of 88 (88.7%)patients, however, genotyping failed in two patients (2.3%),while no product was obtained in eight (9.0%) patients.Regarding subtypes, D2 was more prevalent (67 patients between 78% and 85.9%) followed by subtype D2+deletion (seven patients of 78 or 8.9%), subtype D1 (three patients of 78% or 3.9%) and subtype D3 (one patient of 78% or 1.3%). Thirty-three patients (37.5%) were HBeAg positive compared to 55 (62.5%) anti-HBe positive patients. The endpoint for the viral response of HBeAg positive patients was 27.2%, while it was found 52.7% in HBeAg negative patients (P＜0.05). Long-term persistent viral response was 29.5% for all patients.CONCLUSION: This multi-center study indicates that the predominant genotype with CHB patients in Turkey like in other Mediterranean countries is genotype D.
文摘Two cases of acute pancreatitis with leptospirosis are reported in this article. Case 1: A 68-year-old woman,presented initially with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting,and jaundice. She was in poor general condition, and had acute abdominal signs and symptoms on physical examination. Emergency laparotomy was performed, acute pancreatitis and leptospirosis were diagnosed on the basis of surgical findings and serological tests. The patient died on postoperative d 6. Case 2: A 62-year-old man, presented with fever, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and malaise. Acute pancreatitis associated with leptospirosis was diagnosed,according to abdominal CT scanning and serological tests.The patient recovered fully with antibiotic treatment and nutritional support within 19 d.
