The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state ...The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state thin-film microbatteries(TFMBs),distinguished by their intrinsicsafety,compact design,and compatibility with microfabrication techniques,have emerged as promisingcandidates to power next-generation IoT devices.Nevertheless,in contrast to the well-establisheddevelopment of conventional lithium-ion batteries,the advancement of TFMBs remains at an earlystage,facing persistent challenges in materials innovation,interface optimization,and scalable manufacturing.This review critically examines the pivotal role of vapor deposition technologies,includingmagnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition,thermal/electron-beam evaporation,chemical vapordeposition,and atomic layer deposition,in the fabrication and performance modulation of TFMBs.We systematically summarize recent progress in thin-film electrodes and solid-state electrolytes,withparticular emphasis on how deposition parameters dictate crystallinity,lattice orientation,and ionictransport in functional layers.Furthermore,we highlight strategies for solid-solid interface engineering,three-dimensional structural design,andmultifunctional integration to enhance capacity retention,cycling stability,and interfacial compatibility.Looking ahead,TFMBs are expectedto evolve toward multifunctional platforms,exhibiting mechanical flexibility,optical transparency,and hybrid energy-harvesting compatibility,thereby meeting the heterogeneous energy requirements of future IoT ecosystems.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive perspective onvapor-phase-enabled TFMB technologies,delivering both theoretical insights and technological guidelines for the scalable realization of highperformancemicroscale power sources.展开更多
Silicon(Si)has emerged as a potent anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),but faces challenges like low electrical conductivity and significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation,leading to material...Silicon(Si)has emerged as a potent anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),but faces challenges like low electrical conductivity and significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation,leading to material pulverization and capacity degradation.Recent research on nanostructured Si aims to mitigate volume expansion and enhance electrochemical performance,yet still grapples with issues like pulverization,unstable solid electrolyte interface(SEI)growth,and interparticle resistance.This review delves into innovative strategies for optimizing Si anodes’electrochemical performance via structural engineering,focusing on the synthesis of Si/C composites,engineering multidimensional nanostructures,and applying non-carbonaceous coatings.Forming a stable SEI is vital to prevent electrolyte decomposition and enhance Li^(+)transport,thereby stabilizing the Si anode interface and boosting cycling Coulombic efficiency.We also examine groundbreaking advancements such as self-healing polymers and advanced prelithiation methods to improve initial Coulombic efficiency and combat capacity loss.Our review uniquely provides a detailed examination of these strategies in real-world applications,moving beyond theoretical discussions.It offers a critical analysis of these approaches in terms of performance enhancement,scalability,and commercial feasibility.In conclusion,this review presents a comprehensive view and a forward-looking perspective on designing robust,high-performance Si-based anodes the next generation of LIBs.展开更多
A 67-year-old female patient developed an esophagocutaneous fistula 4 mo after C4 and C5 partial corpectomy. Plain radiograph and computed tomography(CT) scan of cervical spine showed inferior screws pullout with plat...A 67-year-old female patient developed an esophagocutaneous fistula 4 mo after C4 and C5 partial corpectomy. Plain radiograph and computed tomography(CT) scan of cervical spine showed inferior screws pullout with plate migration that caused the esophageal perforation. Management included removal of anterior hardware, revision C4-5 corpectomy, iliac crest strut autograft and halo orthosis immobilization. The fistula was treated using antibiotics and a 10-french gauge rubber tube for daily irrigation and Penrose drain. At 3 mo, the esophagocutaneous fistula healed and the patient resumed oral feeding. Six months follow-up CT scan showed sound fusion with graft incorporation. At two-year follow-up, patient denied any neck pain or dysphagia. This case report presents a successful outcome of a conservative open wound management without attempted repair. The importance of this case report is to highlight this treatment method that may be considered in such a rare complication particularly if surgical repair failed.展开更多
High-entropy multi-elemental(HEM)electrocatalysts present superior catalytic performance due to the efficient synergism of their components.HEM electrocatalysts are usually prepared through hydrothermal reactions or c...High-entropy multi-elemental(HEM)electrocatalysts present superior catalytic performance due to the efficient synergism of their components.HEM electrocatalysts are usually prepared through hydrothermal reactions or calcination,which could generate undesired heterogeneous structures that hinder the exploration of the structure–property relationship of these HEM electrocatalysts.Herein,we report a sol-gel method to synthesize homogeneous HEM electrocatalysts for electro-oxidation of methanol and urea(methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)and urea oxidation reaction(UOR)),through an acid-catalyzed gelation at room temperature.With Ni as the primary component for MOR and UOR,Co can reduce the overpotentials,while Fe can increase the catalytic activities and durability.Borate and phosphate can tune the charge distribution in active sites and speed up the reaction kinetics through fast proton transfer.Thus,the optimal Ni_(2)Fe_(0.5)Co_(0.5)-BP HEM catalyst demonstrates superior catalytic activity together with good durability and great resistance to CO poisoning.In addition,a direct methanol fuel cell with Ni_(2)Fe_(0.5)Co_(0.5)-BP electrode can not only provide power,but also produce formic acid with high yield and high Faraday efficiency.This work presents a simple strategy to prepare high-performance HEM electrocatalysts for fuel cells and production of valueadded chemicals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1608800)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012385,2024B1515120042)+5 种基金Shenzhen Foundation Research Fund(JCYJ20240813095004006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12426301,12275119,52227802)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20200820113047086)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries(SYSPG20241211173726011)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices(2019B121205001)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power(2018B030322001)。
文摘The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state thin-film microbatteries(TFMBs),distinguished by their intrinsicsafety,compact design,and compatibility with microfabrication techniques,have emerged as promisingcandidates to power next-generation IoT devices.Nevertheless,in contrast to the well-establisheddevelopment of conventional lithium-ion batteries,the advancement of TFMBs remains at an earlystage,facing persistent challenges in materials innovation,interface optimization,and scalable manufacturing.This review critically examines the pivotal role of vapor deposition technologies,includingmagnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition,thermal/electron-beam evaporation,chemical vapordeposition,and atomic layer deposition,in the fabrication and performance modulation of TFMBs.We systematically summarize recent progress in thin-film electrodes and solid-state electrolytes,withparticular emphasis on how deposition parameters dictate crystallinity,lattice orientation,and ionictransport in functional layers.Furthermore,we highlight strategies for solid-solid interface engineering,three-dimensional structural design,andmultifunctional integration to enhance capacity retention,cycling stability,and interfacial compatibility.Looking ahead,TFMBs are expectedto evolve toward multifunctional platforms,exhibiting mechanical flexibility,optical transparency,and hybrid energy-harvesting compatibility,thereby meeting the heterogeneous energy requirements of future IoT ecosystems.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive perspective onvapor-phase-enabled TFMB technologies,delivering both theoretical insights and technological guidelines for the scalable realization of highperformancemicroscale power sources.
基金financially supported by the Jiangsu Distinguished Professors Project(No.1711510024)the funding for Scientific Research Startup of Jiangsu University(Nos.4111510015,19JDG044)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Program for High-Level Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents Introductionthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22008091)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515010894)the Open Project of Luzhou Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Application Technology(HYJH-2302-A).
文摘Silicon(Si)has emerged as a potent anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),but faces challenges like low electrical conductivity and significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation,leading to material pulverization and capacity degradation.Recent research on nanostructured Si aims to mitigate volume expansion and enhance electrochemical performance,yet still grapples with issues like pulverization,unstable solid electrolyte interface(SEI)growth,and interparticle resistance.This review delves into innovative strategies for optimizing Si anodes’electrochemical performance via structural engineering,focusing on the synthesis of Si/C composites,engineering multidimensional nanostructures,and applying non-carbonaceous coatings.Forming a stable SEI is vital to prevent electrolyte decomposition and enhance Li^(+)transport,thereby stabilizing the Si anode interface and boosting cycling Coulombic efficiency.We also examine groundbreaking advancements such as self-healing polymers and advanced prelithiation methods to improve initial Coulombic efficiency and combat capacity loss.Our review uniquely provides a detailed examination of these strategies in real-world applications,moving beyond theoretical discussions.It offers a critical analysis of these approaches in terms of performance enhancement,scalability,and commercial feasibility.In conclusion,this review presents a comprehensive view and a forward-looking perspective on designing robust,high-performance Si-based anodes the next generation of LIBs.
文摘A 67-year-old female patient developed an esophagocutaneous fistula 4 mo after C4 and C5 partial corpectomy. Plain radiograph and computed tomography(CT) scan of cervical spine showed inferior screws pullout with plate migration that caused the esophageal perforation. Management included removal of anterior hardware, revision C4-5 corpectomy, iliac crest strut autograft and halo orthosis immobilization. The fistula was treated using antibiotics and a 10-french gauge rubber tube for daily irrigation and Penrose drain. At 3 mo, the esophagocutaneous fistula healed and the patient resumed oral feeding. Six months follow-up CT scan showed sound fusion with graft incorporation. At two-year follow-up, patient denied any neck pain or dysphagia. This case report presents a successful outcome of a conservative open wound management without attempted repair. The importance of this case report is to highlight this treatment method that may be considered in such a rare complication particularly if surgical repair failed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21778052 and 21975240)by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2060190102).
文摘High-entropy multi-elemental(HEM)electrocatalysts present superior catalytic performance due to the efficient synergism of their components.HEM electrocatalysts are usually prepared through hydrothermal reactions or calcination,which could generate undesired heterogeneous structures that hinder the exploration of the structure–property relationship of these HEM electrocatalysts.Herein,we report a sol-gel method to synthesize homogeneous HEM electrocatalysts for electro-oxidation of methanol and urea(methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)and urea oxidation reaction(UOR)),through an acid-catalyzed gelation at room temperature.With Ni as the primary component for MOR and UOR,Co can reduce the overpotentials,while Fe can increase the catalytic activities and durability.Borate and phosphate can tune the charge distribution in active sites and speed up the reaction kinetics through fast proton transfer.Thus,the optimal Ni_(2)Fe_(0.5)Co_(0.5)-BP HEM catalyst demonstrates superior catalytic activity together with good durability and great resistance to CO poisoning.In addition,a direct methanol fuel cell with Ni_(2)Fe_(0.5)Co_(0.5)-BP electrode can not only provide power,but also produce formic acid with high yield and high Faraday efficiency.This work presents a simple strategy to prepare high-performance HEM electrocatalysts for fuel cells and production of valueadded chemicals.
