The exocrine structure is significantly affected by diabetes because of endocrine structure-function disorder within the pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction (EPD) is the general name of the malabsorption process...The exocrine structure is significantly affected by diabetes because of endocrine structure-function disorder within the pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction (EPD) is the general name of the malabsorption process resulting from inadequate production, release, decreased activation, and/or insufficient degradation of enzymes required for digestion from pancreatic acinar cells. It is important to diagnose patients early and correctly, since there may be both macro- and micro-nutrient deficiency in EPD. In this paper, EPD, the diabetes- EPD relationship, and the predictive, effective factors affecting the emergence of EPD are briefly explained and summarized with contemporary literature and our experienced based on clinical, lab, and radiological findings.展开更多
Acarbose is an agent that has been used to treat type 2 diabetes for about 30 years;it prevents postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine.Since incretin-based treatments ha...Acarbose is an agent that has been used to treat type 2 diabetes for about 30 years;it prevents postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine.Since incretin-based treatments have been preferred over the last 10 to 15 years,the use of acarbose is not as common in treating type 2 diabetes as before.Some studies have shown that acarbose also produces a weight-loss effect by increasing glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1).The positive effect of acarbose on GLP-1,and increasing evidence that it provides cardiovascular protection,suggests that acarbose may again be considered among the first-choice antidiabetic agents,as it was in the 1990s.展开更多
BACKGROUND Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcus is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes.AIM To investigate the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations and to ...BACKGROUND Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcus is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes.AIM To investigate the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations and to search for the independent associates of vaccination in Turkish patients with diabetes.METHODS In this cross-sectional,nationwide,multicenter study,adult patients with type 1 diabetes(T1DM)(n=454)and type 2 diabetes(T2DM)(n=4721),who were under follow-up for at least a year in the outpatient clinics,were consecutively enrolled.Sociodemographic,clinical,and laboratory parameters of patients were recorded.Vaccination histories were documented according to the self-statements of the patients.RESULTS Patients with T1DM and T2DM had similar vaccination rates for influenza(23.6%vs 21.2%;P=0.240)and pneumococcus(8%vs 7%;P=0.451)vaccinations.Longer diabetes duration and older age were the common independent associates of having vaccination for both types of diabetes patients.Higher education level,using statin treatment,and having optimal hemoglobin A1c levels were the common independent associates of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients with T2DM.CONCLUSION TEMD Vaccination Study shows that patients with T1DM and T2DM had very low influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates in Turkey.The lower rates of vaccination in certain populations urges the necessity of nationwide vaccination strategies targeting these populations.展开更多
Neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)are a rare and heterogeneous disease group and constitute 0.5%of all malignancies.The annual incidence of NETs is increasing worldwide.The reason for the increase in the incidence of NETs is...Neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)are a rare and heterogeneous disease group and constitute 0.5%of all malignancies.The annual incidence of NETs is increasing worldwide.The reason for the increase in the incidence of NETs is the detection of benign lesions,incidental detection due to the highest use of endoscopic and imaging procedures,and higher recognition rates of pathologists.There have been exciting developments regarding NET biology in recent years.Among these,first of all,somatostatin receptors and downstream pathways in neuroendocrine cells have been found to be important regulatory mechanisms for protein synthesis,hormone secretion,and proliferation.Subsequently,activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway was found to be an important mechanism in angiogenesis and tumor survival and cell metabolism.Finally,the importance of proangiogenic factors(platelet-derived growth factor,vascular endothelial growth factor,fibroblastic growth factor,angiopoietin,and semaphorins)in the progression of NET has been determined.Using the combination of biomarkers and imaging methods allows early evaluation of the appropriateness of treatment and response to treatment.展开更多
文摘The exocrine structure is significantly affected by diabetes because of endocrine structure-function disorder within the pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction (EPD) is the general name of the malabsorption process resulting from inadequate production, release, decreased activation, and/or insufficient degradation of enzymes required for digestion from pancreatic acinar cells. It is important to diagnose patients early and correctly, since there may be both macro- and micro-nutrient deficiency in EPD. In this paper, EPD, the diabetes- EPD relationship, and the predictive, effective factors affecting the emergence of EPD are briefly explained and summarized with contemporary literature and our experienced based on clinical, lab, and radiological findings.
文摘Acarbose is an agent that has been used to treat type 2 diabetes for about 30 years;it prevents postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine.Since incretin-based treatments have been preferred over the last 10 to 15 years,the use of acarbose is not as common in treating type 2 diabetes as before.Some studies have shown that acarbose also produces a weight-loss effect by increasing glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1).The positive effect of acarbose on GLP-1,and increasing evidence that it provides cardiovascular protection,suggests that acarbose may again be considered among the first-choice antidiabetic agents,as it was in the 1990s.
文摘BACKGROUND Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcus is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes.AIM To investigate the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations and to search for the independent associates of vaccination in Turkish patients with diabetes.METHODS In this cross-sectional,nationwide,multicenter study,adult patients with type 1 diabetes(T1DM)(n=454)and type 2 diabetes(T2DM)(n=4721),who were under follow-up for at least a year in the outpatient clinics,were consecutively enrolled.Sociodemographic,clinical,and laboratory parameters of patients were recorded.Vaccination histories were documented according to the self-statements of the patients.RESULTS Patients with T1DM and T2DM had similar vaccination rates for influenza(23.6%vs 21.2%;P=0.240)and pneumococcus(8%vs 7%;P=0.451)vaccinations.Longer diabetes duration and older age were the common independent associates of having vaccination for both types of diabetes patients.Higher education level,using statin treatment,and having optimal hemoglobin A1c levels were the common independent associates of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients with T2DM.CONCLUSION TEMD Vaccination Study shows that patients with T1DM and T2DM had very low influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates in Turkey.The lower rates of vaccination in certain populations urges the necessity of nationwide vaccination strategies targeting these populations.
文摘Neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)are a rare and heterogeneous disease group and constitute 0.5%of all malignancies.The annual incidence of NETs is increasing worldwide.The reason for the increase in the incidence of NETs is the detection of benign lesions,incidental detection due to the highest use of endoscopic and imaging procedures,and higher recognition rates of pathologists.There have been exciting developments regarding NET biology in recent years.Among these,first of all,somatostatin receptors and downstream pathways in neuroendocrine cells have been found to be important regulatory mechanisms for protein synthesis,hormone secretion,and proliferation.Subsequently,activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway was found to be an important mechanism in angiogenesis and tumor survival and cell metabolism.Finally,the importance of proangiogenic factors(platelet-derived growth factor,vascular endothelial growth factor,fibroblastic growth factor,angiopoietin,and semaphorins)in the progression of NET has been determined.Using the combination of biomarkers and imaging methods allows early evaluation of the appropriateness of treatment and response to treatment.
