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Chemical characteristics,oxidative potential,and sources of PM_(2.5)in wintertime in Lahore and Peshawar,Pakistan 被引量:4
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作者 mushtaq ahmad Qing Yu +3 位作者 Jing Chen Siming Cheng Weihua Qin Yuepeng Zhang 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第4期148-158,共11页
The chemical characteristics,oxidative potential,and sources of PM_(2.5)were analyzed at the urban sites of Lahore and Peshawar,Pakistan in February 2019.Carbonaceous species,water soluble ions,and metal elements were... The chemical characteristics,oxidative potential,and sources of PM_(2.5)were analyzed at the urban sites of Lahore and Peshawar,Pakistan in February 2019.Carbonaceous species,water soluble ions,and metal elements were measured to investigate the chemical composition and sources of PM_(2.5).The dithiothreitol(DTT)consumption rate was measured to evaluate the oxidative potential of PM_(2.5).Both cities showed a high exposure risk of PM_(2.5)regarding its oxidative potential(DTT v).Carbonaceous and some of the elemental species of PM_(2.5)correlated well with DTT v in both Lahore and Peshawar.Besides,the DTT v of PM_(2.5)in Lahore showed significant positive correlation with most of the measured water soluble ions,however,ions were DTT-inactive in Peshawar.Due to the higher proportions of carbonaceous species and metal elements,Peshawar showed higher mass-normalized DTT activity of PM_(2.5)compared to Lahore although the average PM_(2.5)concentration in Peshawar was lower.The high concentrations of toxic metals also posed serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the residents of both cities.Principle component analysis coupled with multiple linear regression was applied to investigate different source contributions to PM_(2.5)and its oxidative potential.Mixed sources of traffic and road dust resuspension and coal combustion,direct vehicle emission,and biomass burning and formation of secondary aerosol were identified as the major sources of PM_(2.5)in both cities.The findings of this study provide important data for evaluation of the potential health risks of PM_(2.5)and for formulation of efficient control strategies in major cities of Pakistan. 展开更多
关键词 Air pollution DTT Health risk Oxidative potential Source apportionment
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斜纹夜蛾抗性种群中酶抑制剂对杀虫剂的增效作用(英文) 被引量:1
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作者 mushtaq ahmad 《昆虫学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2009年第6期631-639,共9页
采用浸液生测法研究了斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura巴基斯坦抗性种群中酶抑制剂[胡椒基丁醚(PBO)和脱叶膦(DEF)]对丙溴磷、灭多威、硫双灭多威、氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯、茚虫威和多杀菌素等杀虫剂的增效作用。结果表明:PPO和DEF... 采用浸液生测法研究了斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura巴基斯坦抗性种群中酶抑制剂[胡椒基丁醚(PBO)和脱叶膦(DEF)]对丙溴磷、灭多威、硫双灭多威、氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯、茚虫威和多杀菌素等杀虫剂的增效作用。结果表明:PPO和DEF对氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂灭多威和硫双灭多威均具有增效作用,但对有机磷杀虫剂丙溴磷不具有增效作用。两种抑制剂对氯氰菊酯均产生增效作用,但对联苯菊酯没有增效作用。PPO和DEF增加了氯氟氰菊酯对Multan种群的毒性,但没有增加其对Mailsi种群的毒性。DEF对多杀菌素具有增效作用,但PBO对其没有增效作用。PBO和DEF对氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂、拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂、茚虫威和多杀菌素具有明显的增效作用,这说明细胞色素P450单加氧酶和酯酶的解毒作用至少部分参与了斜纹夜蛾对这些杀虫剂的抗性过程。不过,两种增效剂对杀虫剂增效作用范围有限,暗示对于斜纹夜蛾巴基斯坦种群而言,其他的机制(如靶位点不敏感、表皮穿透作用降低)可能是更重要的抗性机制。 展开更多
关键词 斜纹夜蛾 杀虫剂 抗性 增效作用 胡椒基丁醚(PBO) 脱叶膦(DEF)
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Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants of Semi-Tribal Area of Makerwal &Gulla Khel (Lying between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Provinces), Pakistan 被引量:1
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作者 Amin Shah Sarfaraz Khan Marwat +6 位作者 Faryal Gohar Ameer Khan Khizar Hayat Bhatti Muhammad Amin Noor Ud Din mushtaq ahmad Muhammad Zafar 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2013年第1期98-116,共19页
This paper is based on the results of an ethnomedicinal research work conducted in the semi-tribal mountainous area lying between District Mianwali (PunjabProvince) and District Karak (KhyberPakhtunkhwaProvince),Pakis... This paper is based on the results of an ethnomedicinal research work conducted in the semi-tribal mountainous area lying between District Mianwali (PunjabProvince) and District Karak (KhyberPakhtunkhwaProvince),Pakistanduring June 2009-July 2011. During field survey, questionnaires were used to interview the local inhabitants of the area. The ethnomedicinal data consists of 131 plant species (2 Pteridophytes, 7 Monocots, 122 Dicots) belonging to 48 families (2 Pteridophytes, 4 Monocots, 42 Dicots). The most commonly represented families were Amaranthaceae (9 spp.), Mimosaceae (8 spp.), Asteraceae and Papilionaceae (7 spp.) each;Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Scrophulariaceae (6 spp.) each, followed by Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae and Polygonaceae (5 spp.) each. Plant specimens were identified, preserved and vouchers were deposited in the Plant Taxonomy Lab. of Department of Biological Sciences,University of Sargodha,Pakistanfor future reference. The data collected through interviews with the local people indicates that these species are mostly used in respiratory tract infections (RTI), urinary tract infections (UTI), digestive disorders, sexual problems, skin diseases, liver ailments, wound healing, blood vomiting, malaria, piles, epilepsy, jaundice, gummosis, round worms, hepatitis etc. in the area. Due to lack of scientific approach regarding harvesting and utilization of this valuable medicinal flora, many plants are quickly going towards extinction;therefore, further work is needed to create awareness in the community conservation of the precious medicinal plants. 展开更多
关键词 Ethnobotanical STUDY MEDICINAL Plants Makerwal & Gulla Khel Pakistan
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Influence of Hartmann Number on Convective Flow of Maxwell Fluid between Two Hot Parallel Plates through Porous Medium Subject to Arbitrary Shear Stress at the Boundary 被引量:1
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作者 Adnan ahmad Zaib Un Nisa +2 位作者 Mudassar Nazar Muhammad Imran Asjad mushtaq ahmad 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2022年第1期160-171,共12页
Natural convection flow of unsteady Maxwell fluid with the effects of constant magnetic force in the course of a porous media is investigated in this research work. Fluid motion between a channel of parallel plates is... Natural convection flow of unsteady Maxwell fluid with the effects of constant magnetic force in the course of a porous media is investigated in this research work. Fluid motion between a channel of parallel plates is tempted by time dependent shear stress applied on one plate. The governing partial differential equations of a model under consideration are transformed into ordinary differential equations by Laplace transform method and then solved for temperature and velocity fields. The obtained results for temperature fields are expressed in terms of complementary error function. The influences of involved parameters likes Hartmann number, Grashf number, Prandlt number and porosity parameter, on temperature and velocity profiles are shown graphically. There is no such result regarding Maxwell fluid in the existing literature. 展开更多
关键词 Natural Convection Maxwell Fluid Hot Parallel Plates MHD Porous Media Shear Stress
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A Prospective Study of Nasal Septal Deformities in Kashmiri Population Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital 被引量:1
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作者 Ayaz Rehman Sajad Hamid +1 位作者 mushtaq ahmad Arsalan F. Rashid 《International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery》 2012年第3期77-84,共8页
The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of septal deformities in symptomatic patients in Kashmiri population, identified at otolaryngology clinic of a referral & a teaching tertiary care hospital SKIM... The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of septal deformities in symptomatic patients in Kashmiri population, identified at otolaryngology clinic of a referral & a teaching tertiary care hospital SKIMS Medical College, Bemina, Srinagar, where 429 patients with nasal septal deviation were identified. All of the patients underwent nasal examination by anterior rhinoscope and nasal endoscopy. Pathological septal deformities were identified & grouped into five types by using SL classification. The frequency of nasal septal deformation has been found to be 151 (35.19%) in males and 278 (64.80%) in females .The age incidence showed that most of the patients between second and fifth decades. The distribution of the five types of septal deformity was 19%, 3.5%, 10.48%, 6.75%, 0.93% & Combinations 60.10% (9.3%, 20.97%, 8.39% and 21.44%) respectively. The most common presentation in overall patients were nasal obstruction 80% and headache 50%. Nasal septal deviation was more prevalent in females. Nasal obstruction was the most common presenting complaint in all over types of nasal septal deviation. So, early diagnosis and intervention can avoid the related complications and thus help normal life and learning. 展开更多
关键词 NASAL SEPTUM Deviation SL CLASSIFICATION
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Wild melon: a novel non-edible feedstock for bioenergy
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作者 Maria Ameen Muhammad Zafar +2 位作者 mushtaq ahmad Anjuman Shaheen Ghulam Yaseen 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第2期405-411,共7页
In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis (wild melon) was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% ... In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis (wild melon) was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% of total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid value of the oil was found to be 0.64%, and the single-step alkaline transesterification method was used for conversion of fatty acids into their respective methyl esters. The maximum conversion efficiency of fatty acids was obtained at 0.4 wt% NaOH (used as catalyst), 30% (methanol to oil, v/v) methanol amount, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion efficiency of fatty acid was 92%. However, in the case of KOH as catalyst, the highest conversion (85%) of fatty acids was obtained at 40% methanol to oil ratio, 1.28 wt% KOH, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 45 min of reaction time. Qualitatively, biodiesel was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FFIR) and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). FTIR results demonstrated a strong peak at 1742 cm-1, showing carbonyl groups (C=O) of methyl esters. However, GC-MS results showed the presence of twelve methyl esters comprised of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, non-decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecynoic acid. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standard, i.e., American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM): flash point of 91℃, density of 0.873 kg/L, viscosity of 5.35 cSt, pour point of - 13 ℃, cloud point of -10 ℃, total acid number of 0.242 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.0043 wt%. The present work concluded the potential of wild melon seed oil as excellent non-edible source of bioenergy. 展开更多
关键词 Cucumis melo var. agrestis Wild melon seed oil (WMSO) TRANSESTERIFICATION BIOENERGY Characterization Fuel properties
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Ethnopharmacological evaluation and antioxidant activity of some important herbs used in traditional medicines
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作者 Sofia Rashid mushtaq ahmad +4 位作者 Muhammad Zafar Asad Anwar Shazia Sultana Shahzadi Tabassum Sidra Nisar Ahmed 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第5期689-694,共6页
OBJECTIVE: To document the indigenous knowledge and evaluate the antioxidant activity of medicinal herbs used for treatment of various diseases.METHODS: The ethnomedicinal data were collected through semi-structured i... OBJECTIVE: To document the indigenous knowledge and evaluate the antioxidant activity of medicinal herbs used for treatment of various diseases.METHODS: The ethnomedicinal data were collected through semi-structured interviews of local informants along with collection of herbarium specimens. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging assay.RESULTS: A total of 12 important medicinal herbs were evaluated for ethnomedicinal uses and antioxidant activity. Medicinal plant diversity showed that Solanaceae was the dominating family(3 spp.),followed by Asteraceae and Lamiaceae(both 2spp.). Leaves(31%) were most frequently used in preparation of traditional medicines, and the most recommended mode of preparation was powder(28%). The antioxidant results revealed that thehighest activity was found in Atropa acuminata and Crocus sativus.CONCLUSION: The results of this study proved that A. accuminata and C. sativus can be the excellent sources of antioxidant compounds. A sustainable use and conservation of the valuable natural resource greatly promote the development of functional food additives and cosmetics. 展开更多
关键词 Plants MEDICINAL Medicine Traditional ANTIOXIDANTS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
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Wormhole solutions and energy conditions in f(R,G)gravity
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作者 M Farasat Shamir G Mustafa +1 位作者 Saad Waseem mushtaq ahmad 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第11期131-141,共11页
In this manuscript,the traversable wormhole solutions have been explored in modified f(R,G)gravity by taking into consideration the model f(R,G)=R+rG2,where R is the Ricci curvature scalar and G is the Gauss–Bonnet t... In this manuscript,the traversable wormhole solutions have been explored in modified f(R,G)gravity by taking into consideration the model f(R,G)=R+rG2,where R is the Ricci curvature scalar and G is the Gauss–Bonnet term.An acceptable form of the redshift function has been incorporated which is a non-constant in nature along with the implementation of those already defined in literature,the two shape functions namely b(r)=r/exp(r-r0)and b(r)=r0log(r+1)/log(r0+1).It is shown by studying the energy condition and through the graphical analysis that the null energy bounds for the effective energy-momentum tensor are generally violated for the presence of the ordinary matter in modified f(R,G)gravity.Energy conditions associated with the matter content threading the wormhole geometries are evaluated and in general are found to favor the null energy conditions in the vicinity of the wormhole throat,the existence of the nonexotic wormhole geometries threaded by the matter has been confirmed under this gravity. 展开更多
关键词 f(R G)gravity energy conditions WORMHOLES shape function
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Humidity Effect on Transport Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
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作者 Muhammad Usman Kamran Rasool +5 位作者 S. S. Batool Z. Imran mushtaq ahmad Hira Jamil M. A. Rafiq M. M. Hasan 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第8期748-752,共5页
Rutile TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method with an average diameter of 30 nm TiO2 nanoparticle device was then fabricated on glass substrate.Aluminum electrodes were defined using photoli... Rutile TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method with an average diameter of 30 nm TiO2 nanoparticle device was then fabricated on glass substrate.Aluminum electrodes were defined using photolithography and vacuum evaporation.A suspension of TiO2 nanoparticles was prepared in isopropanol using ultrasonic agitation.The nanoparticles were deposited between the electrodes.The device was tested by AC electrical measurements at 40%-90%relative humidity(RH).The impedance of the TiO2nanoparticles decreases by about 80 times with the increase in RH from 40%to 90%at 100 Hz.The response time and the recovery time were 4 s and 5 s,respectively between 40%and 90%RH.At 100 Hz,the sensitivity of the aluminum electrode TiO2 nanoparticle device in the range of 40%—90%RH was17 MΩ/%RH.Complex modulus analysis also confirms the increase in DC conductivity of TiO2 nanoparticles as RH increases. 展开更多
关键词 TiO2 nanoparticles CO-PRECIPITATION Transport properties
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Floristic Account of the Asclepiadaceous Species from the Flora of Dera Ismail Khan District, KPK, Pakistan
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作者 Sarfaraz Khan Marwat Mir Ajab Khan +2 位作者 mushtaq ahmad Muhammad Zafar Khalid Usman 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2012年第1期141-149,共9页
In the present study an account is given of an investigation based on the results of the floristic research work conducted between 2005 and 2007 in Dera Ismail Khan District, north western Pakistan. The area was surve... In the present study an account is given of an investigation based on the results of the floristic research work conducted between 2005 and 2007 in Dera Ismail Khan District, north western Pakistan. The area was surveyed and 8 Asclepi- adaceous plant species were collected. These plant species are Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton. Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Benth., Leptadenia pyrotecnica (Forssk.) Decne., Oxystelma esculentum (L. f.) R. Br., Pentatropis nivalis (J. F. Gmel.) D. V. Field & J. R. I. Wood, Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Blatt.& McCann., Periploca aphylla Decne. and Stapelia gigantea N.E.Br. The study showed that five plants were used ethnobotanically in the area. All the plants were deposited as voucher specimens in the Department of plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, for future references. Complete macro & microscopic detailed morphological features of the species have been discussed. Taxo- nomic key was developed to differentiate closely related taxa. 展开更多
关键词 TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT ASCLEPIADACEAE Dera Ismail KHAN Pakistan
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Electrostatic Rayleigh-Taylor Mode in Electron-Positron-Ion Quantum Plasma
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作者 Sajad Ali mushtaq ahmad 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2017年第4期636-653,共18页
Electrostatic Rayleigh-Taylor (ERT) mode/instability is studied in a non-uni-form quantum magnetoplasma, whose constituents are electrons and positrons with fraction of ions. The effects of quantum corrections (i.e. B... Electrostatic Rayleigh-Taylor (ERT) mode/instability is studied in a non-uni-form quantum magnetoplasma, whose constituents are electrons and positrons with fraction of ions. The effects of quantum corrections (i.e. Bohm potential and temperature degeneracy) and magnetic field on ERT mode are investigated with astrophysical plasma application. A generalized dispersion relation is deduced under the drift wave approximation. The presence of positron makes the dispersion relation a cubic equation. Different roots of both real and imaginary parts of the RT mode are examined by applying the Cardano’s method of solving the cubic equation. The dispersion relation and the growth rates of RT instability are examined both analytically and numerically with effects of electron and positron density, and magnetic field variations. It is shown that the magnetic field and positron density have stabilizing effectuates on ERT mode while due to electron density the mode becomes unstable. The present work is antici-pated to be of physical relevance in the studies of laboratory laser-produced plasmas as well as in the study of compact magnetized astrophysical objects like white dwarfs. 展开更多
关键词 RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR Instability DRIFT Wave Approximation Quantum MAGNETO HYDRODYNAMICS Cardano’s Method
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Anisotropic stellar structures in the f(T)theory of gravity with quintessence via embedding approach 被引量:1
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作者 Allah Ditta mushtaq ahmad +1 位作者 Ibrar Hussain G.Mustafa 《Chinese Physics C》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第4期426-439,共14页
This work suggests a new model for anisotropic compact stars with quintessence in f(T)gravity by us-ing the off-diagonal tetrad and the power-law as f(T)=βT^(n),where T is the scalar torsion andβand n are real con-s... This work suggests a new model for anisotropic compact stars with quintessence in f(T)gravity by us-ing the off-diagonal tetrad and the power-law as f(T)=βT^(n),where T is the scalar torsion andβand n are real con-stants.The acquired field equations incorporating the anisotropic matter source along with the quintessence field,in f(T)gravity,are investigated by making use of the specific character of the scalar torsion T for the observed stars PSRJ1614-2230,4U1608-52.CenX-3,EXO1785-248,and SMCX-1.It is suggested that all the stellar struc-tures under examination are advantageously independent of any central singularity and are stable.Comprehensive graphical analysis shows that various physical features which are crucially important for the emergence of the stellar structures are conferred. 展开更多
关键词 QUINTESSENCE power-law model f(T)gravity anisotropic compact stars
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