Biochar(BC), known as the new black gold, is a stable, novel carbonaceous by-product that is synthesized through pyrolysis of biological materials in the absence of O_2.Recently, an emerging interest in the applicatio...Biochar(BC), known as the new black gold, is a stable, novel carbonaceous by-product that is synthesized through pyrolysis of biological materials in the absence of O_2.Recently, an emerging interest in the application of BC as a robust soil amendment has given rise to a broad research area in science and technology.It is considered a promising remediation option for heavy metal(HM)-contaminated soils to reduce HM bioavailability to plants.Remediation efficacy of BC depends on the porosity, composition,pyrolysis temperature, feedstock, and residence time of pyrolysis.This review article aimed to present an overview of BC use in the immobilization of HMs, i.e., Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Sb, in contaminated soils.The remaining uncertain factors, including the specific soil HM immobilization mechanisms, long-term beneficial effects, and potential environmental risks associated with BC application are analyzed.Future research must be conducted to ensure that the management of environmental pollution is in accord with ecological sustainability and adaptation of the black gold biotechnology on a commercial basis for immobilization of HMs in contaminated soils.展开更多
The anaerobic digestion(AD)disposal of stover and cattle manure is of great significance to the development of low-carbon economy and green energy in China,but it will also have an impact on the environment,and the de...The anaerobic digestion(AD)disposal of stover and cattle manure is of great significance to the development of low-carbon economy and green energy in China,but it will also have an impact on the environment,and the degree of influence is different for various raw materials.In this study,life cycle assessment(LCA)methods were applied to analyze and compare the impact of corn stovers biogas projects(CSBP)and dairy manure biogas projects(DMBP)on the environment during the whole operation stage.The results of inventory analysis were evaluated by ReCiPe2016 Hierarchy(H)mid-point(problem-oriented)and end-point(destruction-oriented)method,respectively.The results showed that the net energy efficiency of CSBP was higher(763.903 kW·h/FU)and the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission reduction of DMBP was more(5541.418 kg CO_(2)-eq/FU).The anaerobic digestion(AD)units have the greatest environmental impacts,and human carcinogenic toxicity is the largest environmental impact category(1.16-1.43 PE).The key to reducing environmental impact is reducing the input of chemical substances and the waste of electric energy.Both CSBP and DMBP have a favorable impact on ecosystem quality and resources,and CSBP is more beneficial to the environment(-10.297 Pt).Co-digestion is an important measure to reduce the environmental damage from biogas projects.These research results provide theoretical support for the selection of raw materials for large-scale biogas projects in China,provide technical basis for reducing the impact of actual operation on the environment,and promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste and carbon dioxide emission reduction and sequestration.展开更多
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that are vital for human food consumption and metabolism.Eicosapen-taenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),two long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFAs...Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that are vital for human food consumption and metabolism.Eicosapen-taenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),two long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFAs),are primarily obtained from diatoms in the oceanic food web.Though microalgae are the main producers of EPA and DHA,but currently,only few algal strains are known to produce large levels of EPA and DHA.The demand for nutraceuticals has significantly increased because of people’s increased awareness and health consciousness.Due to foods being the concentrated supply of omega-3 PUFAs(polyunsaturated fatty acids),this has increased the demands on aquatic sources of n-3 PUFAs.Micro-algal sources must be carefully examined due to the numerous drawbacks and difficulties of fish oils and the lack of DHA and EPA in plant sources.This review focuses on the current state of omega-3 PUFA(polyunsaturated fatty acids)production,sources,and market demand to provide an overview of sources that are being explored for sustainability as well as current and anticipated market trends in the omega-3 industry.This will make it possible for them to be produced on a wide scale for the benefit of human health.展开更多
With the aim to comparatively investigate the effect of the addition of additives such as biochar(BC),microbial inoculation(MI)and biochar/microbial inoculation(BCMI)on composting enhancement,nitrogen conservation,gre...With the aim to comparatively investigate the effect of the addition of additives such as biochar(BC),microbial inoculation(MI)and biochar/microbial inoculation(BCMI)on composting enhancement,nitrogen conservation,greenhouse gas emissions,the quality improvement of pig manure compost were comparatively investigated in a 42-day aerobic pig manure composting experiment.The results showed that the duration of the thermophilic stage,the degradation of organic matter and the detoxification of the compost were enhanced in the BC,MI and BCMI treatments compared with those in the control(without additive).Moreover,the content of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the BC,MI and BCMI treatments was increased by 38.1,48.9 and 59.0%,respectively,through the reduction of NH_(3) volatilization and N_(2)O production,which were higher than those of the control(31.8%).A reduction in CH_(4) release during composting was not observed with the MI and BCMI treatments.Following 42 days of composting,the final product of the three treatments exhibited acceptable potential for use as a fertilizer in agriculture;the BCMI treatment showed an especially synergistic effect on pig manure composting enhancement.展开更多
Problems with food security result from increased population,global warming,and decrease in cultivable land.With the advancements in synthetic biology,microbial synthesis of food is considered to be an efficient alter...Problems with food security result from increased population,global warming,and decrease in cultivable land.With the advancements in synthetic biology,microbial synthesis of food is considered to be an efficient alternate approach that could permit quick food biosynthesis in an eco-friendly method.Furthermore,synthetic biology can be assumed to the synthesis of healthy or specially designed food components like proteins,lipids,amino acids and vitamins and widen the consumption of feedstocks,thus offering possible resolutions to high-quality food synthesis.This review describes the impact of synthetic biology for the microbial synthesis of various food ingredients production.展开更多
The secondary metabolites produced by algae(including macroalgae and microalgae)possess several human health benefits.The bioactive compounds in algae have potential to be used in the medical and pharmaceutical indust...The secondary metabolites produced by algae(including macroalgae and microalgae)possess several human health benefits.The bioactive compounds in algae have potential to be used in the medical and pharmaceutical industries for drug discovery.The rapid development of genetic tools and omics approaches has extended the understanding of algal metabolism along with enhanced productivity and improving the properties of bioactive compounds.Thus,the focus of this review is to discuss the molecular progress on algae for bioactive compound production which includes genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics.The comprehensive discussion on multi-omics approaches provides the potential knowledge for future research.The structural and functional genomics,application of genetic tools,molecular mechanisms of bioactive compound synthesis,protein modification,and the omics performance of algae at various levels under abiotic stress are discussed.Gene annotation and identification of key functions are the basis of genomics which provides the comprehensive overview of genetic modification.The recent development of molecular modifications and their application in algae to produce high-yield bioactive compounds that meet human needs through the optimization of algal target strains are also emphasized.The exploration of the molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds under abiotic stress is of great practical significance to guide the optimization of culture conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(No.2014070067)the Science and Technology Overall Innovation Project of Shaanxi Province of China(No.2016KTCQ03-20)
文摘Biochar(BC), known as the new black gold, is a stable, novel carbonaceous by-product that is synthesized through pyrolysis of biological materials in the absence of O_2.Recently, an emerging interest in the application of BC as a robust soil amendment has given rise to a broad research area in science and technology.It is considered a promising remediation option for heavy metal(HM)-contaminated soils to reduce HM bioavailability to plants.Remediation efficacy of BC depends on the porosity, composition,pyrolysis temperature, feedstock, and residence time of pyrolysis.This review article aimed to present an overview of BC use in the immobilization of HMs, i.e., Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Sb, in contaminated soils.The remaining uncertain factors, including the specific soil HM immobilization mechanisms, long-term beneficial effects, and potential environmental risks associated with BC application are analyzed.Future research must be conducted to ensure that the management of environmental pollution is in accord with ecological sustainability and adaptation of the black gold biotechnology on a commercial basis for immobilization of HMs in contaminated soils.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0106000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52206234).
文摘The anaerobic digestion(AD)disposal of stover and cattle manure is of great significance to the development of low-carbon economy and green energy in China,but it will also have an impact on the environment,and the degree of influence is different for various raw materials.In this study,life cycle assessment(LCA)methods were applied to analyze and compare the impact of corn stovers biogas projects(CSBP)and dairy manure biogas projects(DMBP)on the environment during the whole operation stage.The results of inventory analysis were evaluated by ReCiPe2016 Hierarchy(H)mid-point(problem-oriented)and end-point(destruction-oriented)method,respectively.The results showed that the net energy efficiency of CSBP was higher(763.903 kW·h/FU)and the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission reduction of DMBP was more(5541.418 kg CO_(2)-eq/FU).The anaerobic digestion(AD)units have the greatest environmental impacts,and human carcinogenic toxicity is the largest environmental impact category(1.16-1.43 PE).The key to reducing environmental impact is reducing the input of chemical substances and the waste of electric energy.Both CSBP and DMBP have a favorable impact on ecosystem quality and resources,and CSBP is more beneficial to the environment(-10.297 Pt).Co-digestion is an important measure to reduce the environmental damage from biogas projects.These research results provide theoretical support for the selection of raw materials for large-scale biogas projects in China,provide technical basis for reducing the impact of actual operation on the environment,and promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste and carbon dioxide emission reduction and sequestration.
文摘Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that are vital for human food consumption and metabolism.Eicosapen-taenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),two long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFAs),are primarily obtained from diatoms in the oceanic food web.Though microalgae are the main producers of EPA and DHA,but currently,only few algal strains are known to produce large levels of EPA and DHA.The demand for nutraceuticals has significantly increased because of people’s increased awareness and health consciousness.Due to foods being the concentrated supply of omega-3 PUFAs(polyunsaturated fatty acids),this has increased the demands on aquatic sources of n-3 PUFAs.Micro-algal sources must be carefully examined due to the numerous drawbacks and difficulties of fish oils and the lack of DHA and EPA in plant sources.This review focuses on the current state of omega-3 PUFA(polyunsaturated fatty acids)production,sources,and market demand to provide an overview of sources that are being explored for sustainability as well as current and anticipated market trends in the omega-3 industry.This will make it possible for them to be produced on a wide scale for the benefit of human health.
基金Funding for this study was provided by the Science and Technology Program of Yangling Demonstration Zone(China)(2017NY-24)the Key Research and Innovation Plan of Shaanxi Province(2018ZDCXL-NY-02-02).
文摘With the aim to comparatively investigate the effect of the addition of additives such as biochar(BC),microbial inoculation(MI)and biochar/microbial inoculation(BCMI)on composting enhancement,nitrogen conservation,greenhouse gas emissions,the quality improvement of pig manure compost were comparatively investigated in a 42-day aerobic pig manure composting experiment.The results showed that the duration of the thermophilic stage,the degradation of organic matter and the detoxification of the compost were enhanced in the BC,MI and BCMI treatments compared with those in the control(without additive).Moreover,the content of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the BC,MI and BCMI treatments was increased by 38.1,48.9 and 59.0%,respectively,through the reduction of NH_(3) volatilization and N_(2)O production,which were higher than those of the control(31.8%).A reduction in CH_(4) release during composting was not observed with the MI and BCMI treatments.Following 42 days of composting,the final product of the three treatments exhibited acceptable potential for use as a fertilizer in agriculture;the BCMI treatment showed an especially synergistic effect on pig manure composting enhancement.
文摘Problems with food security result from increased population,global warming,and decrease in cultivable land.With the advancements in synthetic biology,microbial synthesis of food is considered to be an efficient alternate approach that could permit quick food biosynthesis in an eco-friendly method.Furthermore,synthetic biology can be assumed to the synthesis of healthy or specially designed food components like proteins,lipids,amino acids and vitamins and widen the consumption of feedstocks,thus offering possible resolutions to high-quality food synthesis.This review describes the impact of synthetic biology for the microbial synthesis of various food ingredients production.
基金supported by the startup fund for the construction of the double first-class project(No.561119201),Lanzhou University,China.
文摘The secondary metabolites produced by algae(including macroalgae and microalgae)possess several human health benefits.The bioactive compounds in algae have potential to be used in the medical and pharmaceutical industries for drug discovery.The rapid development of genetic tools and omics approaches has extended the understanding of algal metabolism along with enhanced productivity and improving the properties of bioactive compounds.Thus,the focus of this review is to discuss the molecular progress on algae for bioactive compound production which includes genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics.The comprehensive discussion on multi-omics approaches provides the potential knowledge for future research.The structural and functional genomics,application of genetic tools,molecular mechanisms of bioactive compound synthesis,protein modification,and the omics performance of algae at various levels under abiotic stress are discussed.Gene annotation and identification of key functions are the basis of genomics which provides the comprehensive overview of genetic modification.The recent development of molecular modifications and their application in algae to produce high-yield bioactive compounds that meet human needs through the optimization of algal target strains are also emphasized.The exploration of the molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds under abiotic stress is of great practical significance to guide the optimization of culture conditions.
