This study comprehensively investigates the effects of annealing on the structural,electrochemical properties and passivation film characteristics of Ti_(20)Zr_(20)Hf_(20)Be_(20)Ni_(20)(at%)high-entropy metallic glass...This study comprehensively investigates the effects of annealing on the structural,electrochemical properties and passivation film characteristics of Ti_(20)Zr_(20)Hf_(20)Be_(20)Ni_(20)(at%)high-entropy metallic glass(HE-MG).Subjected to various annealing temperatures,the samples were analyzed in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution to evaluate changes in their microstructure and assess their corrosion resistance.Findings reveal that the HE-MG undergoes multistage crystallization,displaying an amorphous matrix integrated with face centered cubic(FCC)and Ni_(7)Zr_(2)phases between 420 and 500℃,indicating robust thermal stability.Electrochemical assessments identify a critical temperature threshold:Below the glass transition temperature(Tg),the HE-MG maintains excellent corrosion resistance,promoting stable passivation layers.Above Tg,enhanced long-range atomic rearrangement during relaxation increases passivation layer defects and significantly diminishes corrosion resistance.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyses show that the primary components of the passivation layer are TiO_(2),ZrO_(2),HfO_(2)and BeO.Increased annealing temperatures lead to enhanced Be and Ni content and decreased Ti,Zr and Hf.Additionally,high mixing entropy and significant atomic size mismatch suppress long-range atomic rearrangement and crystallization.The crystallization begins above Tg by_(20)℃,with crystalline phases evenly distributed within the matrix without drastically affecting corrosion resistance.This investigation highlights the impact of thermal treatment on the properties of HE-MG,contributing valuable insights into optimizing their performance and applications.展开更多
Achieving a delicate synergy between mechanical robustness and antifouling attributes in coatings remains a formidable challenge for marine applications. Inspired by the assembly of nacre, we present a novel approach ...Achieving a delicate synergy between mechanical robustness and antifouling attributes in coatings remains a formidable challenge for marine applications. Inspired by the assembly of nacre, we present a novel approach to fabricate a nacre-like metallic coating. This coating comprises an amorphous matrix with excellent anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties, as well as Cu-rich 3D interconnected channels for antifouling function. The coating is produced by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying of surface-modified Fe-based amorphous powders with a Cu-layer. The resulting coating exhibits exceptional mechanical robustness, including high resistance to erosion, abrasion, and impact, surpassing conventional polymer antifouling coatings. Furthermore, the controlled Cu+ leaching capability of the in-situ constructed 3D interconnected diffusion channels, facilitated by the Cu-rich intersplats, contributes to the remarkable antifouling performance. This includes nearly 100 % resistance to bacterial adhesion after 1 day of immersion and over 98 % resistance to algal attachment after 7 d of immersion, resulting in a prolonged service lifetime. Notably, even after 200 cycles of wear damage, the Cu-modified amorphous coating still maintains its excellent antifouling properties. The Cu-rich intersplats play a critical role in transporting and sustainably leaching Cu ions, thereby accounting for the outstanding antifouling performance. Ultimately, we aim to advance the design of high-performance coatings suited for diverse marine applications, where both the mechanical robustness and antifouling properties are essential.展开更多
相干斑噪声的存在影响着合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像识别变化信息的能力。为了提高变化检测的准确性,必须充分考虑相干斑噪声的影响。本文提出了一种新的变化检测方法,利用联系上下文显著性提取方法,从差异图中提取潜在变化区域和背景信息,...相干斑噪声的存在影响着合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像识别变化信息的能力。为了提高变化检测的准确性,必须充分考虑相干斑噪声的影响。本文提出了一种新的变化检测方法,利用联系上下文显著性提取方法,从差异图中提取潜在变化区域和背景信息,在保留图像主要纹理细节的同时去除背景噪声。针对当前变化检测方法特征表达不足的问题,设计了一种多尺度通道注意力模块squeeze,expand and excitation(SEE),在获取多感受野信息的同时强调重要信息,不至于产生信息冗余。在此基础上,提出了一种多尺度融合卷积神经网络——SEENet。SEENet将3个SEE模块残差连接,以实现信息的多级利用。通过在4个SAR真实数据集上的试验,验证了该方法的有效性。展开更多
The thermodynamics of black holes(BHs)has had a profound impact on theoretical physics,providing insight into the nature of gravity,the quantum structure of spacetime and the fundamental laws governing the Universe.In...The thermodynamics of black holes(BHs)has had a profound impact on theoretical physics,providing insight into the nature of gravity,the quantum structure of spacetime and the fundamental laws governing the Universe.In this study,we investigate thermal geometries and Hawking evaporation of the recently proposed topological dyonic dilaton BH in anti-de Sitter(Ad S)space.We consider Rényi entropy and obtain the relations for pressure,heat capacity and Gibbs free energy and observe that the Rényi parameter and dilaton field play a vital role in the phase transition and stability of the BH.Moreover,we use Weinhold,Ruppeiner and Hendi Panahiyah Eslam Momennia models to evaluate the scalar curvature of the BH and find out that the divergence points of the scalar curvature coincides with the zero of specific heat.Finally,using Stefan–Boltzmann law,we determine that the BH without a dilaton field evaporates far more quickly compared to the dilaton BH in Ad S space.展开更多
In-situ conversion of process of oil shale has been technically proven as a pilot field project. Gradually heating the reservoir by using subsurface electric heaters converts the oil shale reservoir kerogen into oil, ...In-situ conversion of process of oil shale has been technically proven as a pilot field project. Gradually heating the reservoir by using subsurface electric heaters converts the oil shale reservoir kerogen into oil, gas and other producible components. This process also enhances the internal energy of the porous media as well as the subsurface fluid. Heat is transmitted in the reservoir within each fluid by different processes i.e. , due to the flow of fluid called advective process, and due to molecular diffusion where dispersive and diffusive processes take place. Heat transfer through conduction and convection mechanisms in the porous media are modeled mathematically and numerically incorporating the advective, dispersive and diffusive processes in the reservoir. The results show the production of oil and gas as a result of conversion of kerogen due to modeled heat dissipation.展开更多
Objective:To elucidate the pattern of inheritance and determine the relative magnitude of various genetic effects for maturity and flowering attributes in subtropical maize.Methods: Four white grain maize inbred lines...Objective:To elucidate the pattern of inheritance and determine the relative magnitude of various genetic effects for maturity and flowering attributes in subtropical maize.Methods: Four white grain maize inbred lines from flint group of corn,two with late maturity and two with early maturity,were used.These contrasting inbred lines were crossed to form four crosses.Six generations(P_1,P_2,F_1,F_2,BC_1,and BC_2) were developed for each individual cross.These were evaluated in triplicate trial for two consecutive years.Results:Roth dominance gene action and epistatic interaction played major role in governing inheritance of days to pollen shedding, 50%silking,anlbesis silking interval and maturity.Conclusions:Preponderance of dominance gene action for these traits indicated their usefulness in hybrid programs of subtropical maize.展开更多
Drought is the major detrimental environmental factor for wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.The exploration of genetic patterns underlying drought tolerance is of great significance.Here we report the gene actions...Drought is the major detrimental environmental factor for wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.The exploration of genetic patterns underlying drought tolerance is of great significance.Here we report the gene actions controlling the phenological traits using the line×tester model studying 27 crosses and 12 parents under normal irrigation and drought conditions.The results interpreted via multiple analysis(mean performance,correlations,principal component,genetic analysis,heterotic and heterobeltiotic potential)disclosed highly significant differences among germplasm.The phenological waxiness traits(glume,boom,and sheath)were strongly interlinked.Flag leaf area exhibits a positive association with peduncle and spike length under drought.The growing degree days(heat-units)greatly influence spikelets and grains per spike,however,the grain yield/plant was significantly reduced(17.44 g to 13.25 g)under drought.The principal components based on eigenvalue indicated significant PCs(first-seven)accounted for 79.9%and 73.9%of total variability under normal irrigation and drought,respectively.The investigated yield traits showed complex genetic behaviour.The genetic advance confronted a moderate to high heritability for spikelets/spike and grain yield/plant.The traits conditioned by dominant genetic effects in normal irrigation were inversely controlled by additive genetic effects under drought and vice versa.The magnitude of dominance effects for phenological and yield traits,i.e.,leaf twist,auricle hairiness,grain yield/plant,spikelets,and grains/spike suggests that selection by the pedigree method is appropriate for improving these traits under normal irrigation conditions and could serve as an indirect selection index for improving yield-oriented traits in wheat populations for drought tolerance.However,the phenotypic selection could be more than effective for traits conditioned by additive genetic effects under drought.We suggest five significant cross combinations based on heterotic and heterobeltiotic potential of wheat genotypes for improved yield and enhanced biological production of wheat in advanced generations under drought.展开更多
Cultivating salt-tolerant crops is a feasible way to effectively utilize saline-alkali land and solve the problem of underutilization of saline soils.Quinoa,a protein-comprehensive cereal in the plant kingdom,is an ex...Cultivating salt-tolerant crops is a feasible way to effectively utilize saline-alkali land and solve the problem of underutilization of saline soils.Quinoa,a protein-comprehensive cereal in the plant kingdom,is an exceptional crop in terms of salt stress tolerance level.It seems an excellent model for the exploration of salt-tolerance mechanisms and cultivation of salt-tolerant germplasms.In this study,the seeds and seedlings of the quinoa cultivar Shelly were treated with different concentrations of NaCl solution.The physiological,biochemical characteristics and agronomic traits were investigated,and the response patterns of three salt stress-responsive genes(SSRGs)in quinoa were determined by real-time PCR.The optimum level of stress tolerance of quinoa cultivar Shelly was found in the range of 250–350 mM concentration of NaCl.Salt stress significantly induced expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and particularly betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase(BADH).BADH was discovered to be more sensitive to salt stress and played an important role in the salt stress tolerance of quinoa seedlings,particularly at high NaCl concentrations,as it displayed upregulation until 24 h under 100 mM salt treatment.Moreover,it showed upregulation until 12 h under 250 mM salt stress.Taken together,these results suggest that BADH played an essential role in the salt-tolerance mechanism of quinoa.Based on the expression level and prompt response induced by NaCl,we suggest that the BADH can be considered as a molecular marker for screening salt-tolerant quinoa germplasm at the early stages of crop development.Salt treatment at different plant ontogeny or at different concentrations had a significant impact on quinoa growth.Therefore,an appropriate treatment approach needs to be chosen rationally in the process of screening salt-tolerant quinoa germplasm,which is useful to the utilization of saline soils.Our study provides a fundamental information to deepen knowledge of the salt tolerance mechanism of quinoa for the development of salt-tolerant germplasm in crop breeding programs.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks process and exchange mission-critical data relating to patients’health status.Obviously,any leakages of the sensed data can have serious consequences which can endanger the lives of patients....Wireless sensor networks process and exchange mission-critical data relating to patients’health status.Obviously,any leakages of the sensed data can have serious consequences which can endanger the lives of patients.As such,there is need for strong security and privacy protection of the data in storage as well as the data in transit.Over the recent past,researchers have developed numerous security protocols based on digital signatures,advanced encryption standard,digital certificates and elliptic curve cryptography among other approaches.However,previous studies have shown the existence of many security and privacy gaps that can be exploited by attackers to cause some harm in these networks.In addition,some techniques such as digital certificates have high storage and computation complexities occasioned by certificate and public key management issues.In this paper,a certificateless algorithm is developed for authenticating the body sensors and remote medical server units.Security analysis has shown that it offers data privacy,secure session key agreement,untraceability and anonymity.It can also withstand typical wireless sensor networks attacks such as impersonation,packet replay and man-in-the-middle.On the other hand,it is demonstrated to have the least execution time and bandwidth requirements.展开更多
This study examines a recently hypothesized black hole,which is a perfect solution of metric-affine gravity with a positive cosmological constant,and its thermodynamic features as well as the Joule-Thomson expansion.W...This study examines a recently hypothesized black hole,which is a perfect solution of metric-affine gravity with a positive cosmological constant,and its thermodynamic features as well as the Joule-Thomson expansion.We develop some thermodynamical quantities,such as volume,Gibbs free energy,and heat capacity,using the entropy and Hawking temperature.We also examine the first law of thermodynamics and thermal fluctuations,which might eliminate certain black hole instabilities.In this regard,a phase transition from unstable to stable is conceivable when the first law order corrections are present.In addition,we study the efficiency of this system as a heat engine and the effect of metric-affine gravity for the physical parameters q_(e),q_(m),κ_(s),κ_(d),and κ_(sh).Further,we study the Joule-Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature,and observe the isenthalpic curves in the Ti−Pi plane.In metric-affine gravity,a comparison is made between a van der Waals fluid and a black hole to study their similarities and differences.展开更多
Polyethersulphone(PES)membranes modified with urethane functional groups were prepared through an interfacial reaction using electron beam irradiation.The removal of eight endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs)was studi...Polyethersulphone(PES)membranes modified with urethane functional groups were prepared through an interfacial reaction using electron beam irradiation.The removal of eight endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs)was studied using both pristine and functionalized PES membranes.The prepared membranes underwent characterization using several techniques,including attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,contact angle analysis,and measurements of pure water flux.Furthermore,dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption mechanism of the prepared membrane toward the eight EDCs.The urethane functionalized membranes were hydrophilic(52°contact angle)and maintained a high permeate flux(26000 L/h m^(2) bar)throughout the filtration process.Dynamic adsorption results demonstrated that the introduction of urethane functional groups on the membranes significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of 17β-estradiol,estriol,bisphenol A,estrone,ethinylestradiol,and equilin.The adsorption loading of 17β-estradiol on the functionalized PES membrane was 6.7±0.7 mg/m^(2),exhibiting a 5-fold increase compared to the unmodified PES membrane.The membranes were successfully regenerated and reused for three adsorption cycles without experiencing any loss of adsorption capacity.展开更多
Pakistan is an agriculture-based economy and major proportion of irrigation water for its cultivated lands is abstracted from the Upper Indus Basin(UIB).UIB water supplies are mostly contributed from the high-altitude...Pakistan is an agriculture-based economy and major proportion of irrigation water for its cultivated lands is abstracted from the Upper Indus Basin(UIB).UIB water supplies are mostly contributed from the high-altitude snow and glacier fields situated in the Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalayan ranges.Any change in the flows of these river catchments due to climate variability may result in the form of catastrophic events like floods and droughts and hence will adversely affect the economy of Pakistan.This study aims to simulate snowmelt runoff in a mountainous sub-catchment(Shyok River basin)of the UIB under climate change scenarios.Snowmelt Runoff Model(SRM)coupled with remotely sensed snow cover product(MOD10A2)is used to simulate the snowmelt runoff under current and future climate scenarios in the study area.The results indicate that(a)SRM has efficiently simulated the flow in Shyok River with average Nash–Sutcliff coefficient value(R2)of 0.8(0.63–0.93)for all six years(2000–2006)of basin-wide and zone-wise simulations,(b)an increase of 10%(by 2050)and 20%(by 2075)in SCA will result in a flow rise of∼11%and∼20%,respectively,and(c)an increase of 1℃(by 2025),2℃(by 2050),3℃(by 2075)and 4℃(by 2100)in mean temperature will result in a flow rise of∼26%,∼54%,∼81%and∼118%,respectively.This study suggests that SRM equipped with remotely sensed snow cover data is an effective tool to estimate snowmelt runoff in high mountain data-scarce environments.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFE0100600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371154)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515012158)the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability,Ministry of Education,Jilin University(No.JLU-cncr-202307)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(No.2022010801010087).
文摘This study comprehensively investigates the effects of annealing on the structural,electrochemical properties and passivation film characteristics of Ti_(20)Zr_(20)Hf_(20)Be_(20)Ni_(20)(at%)high-entropy metallic glass(HE-MG).Subjected to various annealing temperatures,the samples were analyzed in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution to evaluate changes in their microstructure and assess their corrosion resistance.Findings reveal that the HE-MG undergoes multistage crystallization,displaying an amorphous matrix integrated with face centered cubic(FCC)and Ni_(7)Zr_(2)phases between 420 and 500℃,indicating robust thermal stability.Electrochemical assessments identify a critical temperature threshold:Below the glass transition temperature(Tg),the HE-MG maintains excellent corrosion resistance,promoting stable passivation layers.Above Tg,enhanced long-range atomic rearrangement during relaxation increases passivation layer defects and significantly diminishes corrosion resistance.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyses show that the primary components of the passivation layer are TiO_(2),ZrO_(2),HfO_(2)and BeO.Increased annealing temperatures lead to enhanced Be and Ni content and decreased Ti,Zr and Hf.Additionally,high mixing entropy and significant atomic size mismatch suppress long-range atomic rearrangement and crystallization.The crystallization begins above Tg by_(20)℃,with crystalline phases evenly distributed within the matrix without drastically affecting corrosion resistance.This investigation highlights the impact of thermal treatment on the properties of HE-MG,contributing valuable insights into optimizing their performance and applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFE0100600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92166103,U23A20621,and 92066202)+1 种基金the Top-Notch Young Talents Program of Hubei.Yasir is grateful for financial support from the Pakistan Science Foundation(Project Reference:PSF/CRP-18th Protocol(05))the State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology(Project Reference:2021-008).
文摘Achieving a delicate synergy between mechanical robustness and antifouling attributes in coatings remains a formidable challenge for marine applications. Inspired by the assembly of nacre, we present a novel approach to fabricate a nacre-like metallic coating. This coating comprises an amorphous matrix with excellent anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties, as well as Cu-rich 3D interconnected channels for antifouling function. The coating is produced by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying of surface-modified Fe-based amorphous powders with a Cu-layer. The resulting coating exhibits exceptional mechanical robustness, including high resistance to erosion, abrasion, and impact, surpassing conventional polymer antifouling coatings. Furthermore, the controlled Cu+ leaching capability of the in-situ constructed 3D interconnected diffusion channels, facilitated by the Cu-rich intersplats, contributes to the remarkable antifouling performance. This includes nearly 100 % resistance to bacterial adhesion after 1 day of immersion and over 98 % resistance to algal attachment after 7 d of immersion, resulting in a prolonged service lifetime. Notably, even after 200 cycles of wear damage, the Cu-modified amorphous coating still maintains its excellent antifouling properties. The Cu-rich intersplats play a critical role in transporting and sustainably leaching Cu ions, thereby accounting for the outstanding antifouling performance. Ultimately, we aim to advance the design of high-performance coatings suited for diverse marine applications, where both the mechanical robustness and antifouling properties are essential.
文摘相干斑噪声的存在影响着合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像识别变化信息的能力。为了提高变化检测的准确性,必须充分考虑相干斑噪声的影响。本文提出了一种新的变化检测方法,利用联系上下文显著性提取方法,从差异图中提取潜在变化区域和背景信息,在保留图像主要纹理细节的同时去除背景噪声。针对当前变化检测方法特征表达不足的问题,设计了一种多尺度通道注意力模块squeeze,expand and excitation(SEE),在获取多感受野信息的同时强调重要信息,不至于产生信息冗余。在此基础上,提出了一种多尺度融合卷积神经网络——SEENet。SEENet将3个SEE模块残差连接,以实现信息的多级利用。通过在4个SAR真实数据集上的试验,验证了该方法的有效性。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11975145)。
文摘The thermodynamics of black holes(BHs)has had a profound impact on theoretical physics,providing insight into the nature of gravity,the quantum structure of spacetime and the fundamental laws governing the Universe.In this study,we investigate thermal geometries and Hawking evaporation of the recently proposed topological dyonic dilaton BH in anti-de Sitter(Ad S)space.We consider Rényi entropy and obtain the relations for pressure,heat capacity and Gibbs free energy and observe that the Rényi parameter and dilaton field play a vital role in the phase transition and stability of the BH.Moreover,we use Weinhold,Ruppeiner and Hendi Panahiyah Eslam Momennia models to evaluate the scalar curvature of the BH and find out that the divergence points of the scalar curvature coincides with the zero of specific heat.Finally,using Stefan–Boltzmann law,we determine that the BH without a dilaton field evaporates far more quickly compared to the dilaton BH in Ad S space.
文摘In-situ conversion of process of oil shale has been technically proven as a pilot field project. Gradually heating the reservoir by using subsurface electric heaters converts the oil shale reservoir kerogen into oil, gas and other producible components. This process also enhances the internal energy of the porous media as well as the subsurface fluid. Heat is transmitted in the reservoir within each fluid by different processes i.e. , due to the flow of fluid called advective process, and due to molecular diffusion where dispersive and diffusive processes take place. Heat transfer through conduction and convection mechanisms in the porous media are modeled mathematically and numerically incorporating the advective, dispersive and diffusive processes in the reservoir. The results show the production of oil and gas as a result of conversion of kerogen due to modeled heat dissipation.
文摘Objective:To elucidate the pattern of inheritance and determine the relative magnitude of various genetic effects for maturity and flowering attributes in subtropical maize.Methods: Four white grain maize inbred lines from flint group of corn,two with late maturity and two with early maturity,were used.These contrasting inbred lines were crossed to form four crosses.Six generations(P_1,P_2,F_1,F_2,BC_1,and BC_2) were developed for each individual cross.These were evaluated in triplicate trial for two consecutive years.Results:Roth dominance gene action and epistatic interaction played major role in governing inheritance of days to pollen shedding, 50%silking,anlbesis silking interval and maturity.Conclusions:Preponderance of dominance gene action for these traits indicated their usefulness in hybrid programs of subtropical maize.
文摘Drought is the major detrimental environmental factor for wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.The exploration of genetic patterns underlying drought tolerance is of great significance.Here we report the gene actions controlling the phenological traits using the line×tester model studying 27 crosses and 12 parents under normal irrigation and drought conditions.The results interpreted via multiple analysis(mean performance,correlations,principal component,genetic analysis,heterotic and heterobeltiotic potential)disclosed highly significant differences among germplasm.The phenological waxiness traits(glume,boom,and sheath)were strongly interlinked.Flag leaf area exhibits a positive association with peduncle and spike length under drought.The growing degree days(heat-units)greatly influence spikelets and grains per spike,however,the grain yield/plant was significantly reduced(17.44 g to 13.25 g)under drought.The principal components based on eigenvalue indicated significant PCs(first-seven)accounted for 79.9%and 73.9%of total variability under normal irrigation and drought,respectively.The investigated yield traits showed complex genetic behaviour.The genetic advance confronted a moderate to high heritability for spikelets/spike and grain yield/plant.The traits conditioned by dominant genetic effects in normal irrigation were inversely controlled by additive genetic effects under drought and vice versa.The magnitude of dominance effects for phenological and yield traits,i.e.,leaf twist,auricle hairiness,grain yield/plant,spikelets,and grains/spike suggests that selection by the pedigree method is appropriate for improving these traits under normal irrigation conditions and could serve as an indirect selection index for improving yield-oriented traits in wheat populations for drought tolerance.However,the phenotypic selection could be more than effective for traits conditioned by additive genetic effects under drought.We suggest five significant cross combinations based on heterotic and heterobeltiotic potential of wheat genotypes for improved yield and enhanced biological production of wheat in advanced generations under drought.
基金supported jointly by the Public Project of Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2016C02050-9-9)to Y.Jiang and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.Y21C130006)to Y.Jiang,and the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2021C02057)to G.Luo.
文摘Cultivating salt-tolerant crops is a feasible way to effectively utilize saline-alkali land and solve the problem of underutilization of saline soils.Quinoa,a protein-comprehensive cereal in the plant kingdom,is an exceptional crop in terms of salt stress tolerance level.It seems an excellent model for the exploration of salt-tolerance mechanisms and cultivation of salt-tolerant germplasms.In this study,the seeds and seedlings of the quinoa cultivar Shelly were treated with different concentrations of NaCl solution.The physiological,biochemical characteristics and agronomic traits were investigated,and the response patterns of three salt stress-responsive genes(SSRGs)in quinoa were determined by real-time PCR.The optimum level of stress tolerance of quinoa cultivar Shelly was found in the range of 250–350 mM concentration of NaCl.Salt stress significantly induced expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and particularly betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase(BADH).BADH was discovered to be more sensitive to salt stress and played an important role in the salt stress tolerance of quinoa seedlings,particularly at high NaCl concentrations,as it displayed upregulation until 24 h under 100 mM salt treatment.Moreover,it showed upregulation until 12 h under 250 mM salt stress.Taken together,these results suggest that BADH played an essential role in the salt-tolerance mechanism of quinoa.Based on the expression level and prompt response induced by NaCl,we suggest that the BADH can be considered as a molecular marker for screening salt-tolerant quinoa germplasm at the early stages of crop development.Salt treatment at different plant ontogeny or at different concentrations had a significant impact on quinoa growth.Therefore,an appropriate treatment approach needs to be chosen rationally in the process of screening salt-tolerant quinoa germplasm,which is useful to the utilization of saline soils.Our study provides a fundamental information to deepen knowledge of the salt tolerance mechanism of quinoa for the development of salt-tolerant germplasm in crop breeding programs.
文摘Wireless sensor networks process and exchange mission-critical data relating to patients’health status.Obviously,any leakages of the sensed data can have serious consequences which can endanger the lives of patients.As such,there is need for strong security and privacy protection of the data in storage as well as the data in transit.Over the recent past,researchers have developed numerous security protocols based on digital signatures,advanced encryption standard,digital certificates and elliptic curve cryptography among other approaches.However,previous studies have shown the existence of many security and privacy gaps that can be exploited by attackers to cause some harm in these networks.In addition,some techniques such as digital certificates have high storage and computation complexities occasioned by certificate and public key management issues.In this paper,a certificateless algorithm is developed for authenticating the body sensors and remote medical server units.Security analysis has shown that it offers data privacy,secure session key agreement,untraceability and anonymity.It can also withstand typical wireless sensor networks attacks such as impersonation,packet replay and man-in-the-middle.On the other hand,it is demonstrated to have the least execution time and bandwidth requirements.
基金Supported by the Natural Sciences Foundation of China(11975145)Faisal Javed acknowledges(YS304023917)the Support to his Postdoctoral Fellowship at Zhejiang Normal University,ChinaG.Mustafa acknowledges Grant No.ZC304022919 to Support his Postdoctoral Fellowship at Zhejiang Normal University,China。
文摘This study examines a recently hypothesized black hole,which is a perfect solution of metric-affine gravity with a positive cosmological constant,and its thermodynamic features as well as the Joule-Thomson expansion.We develop some thermodynamical quantities,such as volume,Gibbs free energy,and heat capacity,using the entropy and Hawking temperature.We also examine the first law of thermodynamics and thermal fluctuations,which might eliminate certain black hole instabilities.In this regard,a phase transition from unstable to stable is conceivable when the first law order corrections are present.In addition,we study the efficiency of this system as a heat engine and the effect of metric-affine gravity for the physical parameters q_(e),q_(m),κ_(s),κ_(d),and κ_(sh).Further,we study the Joule-Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature,and observe the isenthalpic curves in the Ti−Pi plane.In metric-affine gravity,a comparison is made between a van der Waals fluid and a black hole to study their similarities and differences.
文摘Polyethersulphone(PES)membranes modified with urethane functional groups were prepared through an interfacial reaction using electron beam irradiation.The removal of eight endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs)was studied using both pristine and functionalized PES membranes.The prepared membranes underwent characterization using several techniques,including attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,contact angle analysis,and measurements of pure water flux.Furthermore,dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption mechanism of the prepared membrane toward the eight EDCs.The urethane functionalized membranes were hydrophilic(52°contact angle)and maintained a high permeate flux(26000 L/h m^(2) bar)throughout the filtration process.Dynamic adsorption results demonstrated that the introduction of urethane functional groups on the membranes significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of 17β-estradiol,estriol,bisphenol A,estrone,ethinylestradiol,and equilin.The adsorption loading of 17β-estradiol on the functionalized PES membrane was 6.7±0.7 mg/m^(2),exhibiting a 5-fold increase compared to the unmodified PES membrane.The membranes were successfully regenerated and reused for three adsorption cycles without experiencing any loss of adsorption capacity.
文摘Pakistan is an agriculture-based economy and major proportion of irrigation water for its cultivated lands is abstracted from the Upper Indus Basin(UIB).UIB water supplies are mostly contributed from the high-altitude snow and glacier fields situated in the Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalayan ranges.Any change in the flows of these river catchments due to climate variability may result in the form of catastrophic events like floods and droughts and hence will adversely affect the economy of Pakistan.This study aims to simulate snowmelt runoff in a mountainous sub-catchment(Shyok River basin)of the UIB under climate change scenarios.Snowmelt Runoff Model(SRM)coupled with remotely sensed snow cover product(MOD10A2)is used to simulate the snowmelt runoff under current and future climate scenarios in the study area.The results indicate that(a)SRM has efficiently simulated the flow in Shyok River with average Nash–Sutcliff coefficient value(R2)of 0.8(0.63–0.93)for all six years(2000–2006)of basin-wide and zone-wise simulations,(b)an increase of 10%(by 2050)and 20%(by 2075)in SCA will result in a flow rise of∼11%and∼20%,respectively,and(c)an increase of 1℃(by 2025),2℃(by 2050),3℃(by 2075)and 4℃(by 2100)in mean temperature will result in a flow rise of∼26%,∼54%,∼81%and∼118%,respectively.This study suggests that SRM equipped with remotely sensed snow cover data is an effective tool to estimate snowmelt runoff in high mountain data-scarce environments.
