Diabetes is a growing global issue,with socioeconomic status(SES)influencing the incidence and prevalence of the condition.Adults with lower incomes are more likely to develop diabetes and experience higher rates of c...Diabetes is a growing global issue,with socioeconomic status(SES)influencing the incidence and prevalence of the condition.Adults with lower incomes are more likely to develop diabetes and experience higher rates of complications and mortality.In SES assessments,education quality is considered more important than quantity.High-income individuals are less likely to develop diabetes due to their ability to afford balanced diets and medications.Long work hours and illiteracy also contribute to the onset of diabetes.Research conducted in Bahawalpur,Pakistan,found that socioeconomic factors significantly affect diabetes patients,with poor economic status and inadequate diabetic education being more prevalent.Physical inactivity and lack of life insurance further contribute to the condition.In Bahawalpur,a cross-sectional study involving 374 participants from diverse social and economic backgrounds examined the impact of socioeconomic factors on diabetes management and outcomes across different age and gender groups.Among the participants,60%were male and 39.39%were female,with 66.80%over the age of 50.Out of the 374 participants,236(63.10%)were unemployed.Additionally,41.97%of participants had limited knowledge about diabetes.Due to poor knowledge,economic constraints,and lack of physical activity,participants experienced poor diabetes management,leading to negative outcomes.展开更多
Soot nanoparticles produced during combustion exhibit diverse nanostructures,which are affected by different combustion parameters such as flame stoichiometry and temperature.This work focuses on characterizing RP-3 j...Soot nanoparticles produced during combustion exhibit diverse nanostructures,which are affected by different combustion parameters such as flame stoichiometry and temperature.This work focuses on characterizing RP-3 jet flame properties and exploring the intricate relationship between the effect of temperature and carbon formation.The observed flame length displayed a notable increase in proportion to the equivalence ratio's growth.The flame color underwent a great transformation,evolving from pale blue in fuel-lean conditions to bright green at stoichiometric levels,and to brilliant yellow under fuel-rich conditions.Through systematic sampling and thorough observation of soot morphology at different flame heights,there is a clear correlation between the height of the flame and the acceleration of carbon agglomerate growth.Furthermore,an insightful observation is presented wherein the rise in flame height leads to a gradual reduction in the contribution of surface growth to the overall soot particle size.These findings contribute significantly to the understanding of the complex interplay between combustion conditions and soot nanostructures.The trends in flame characteristics,coupled with insights into soot morphology,provide a foundation for comprehending the underlying mechanisms governing soot formation in RP-3 flames.These results contribute to the understanding of combustion dynamics,offering valuable perspectives for optimizing combustion processes and elucidating the environmental implications of flame-formed soot.展开更多
Objective:To determine the accuracy of transoral flexible laryngoscope (TFL) biopsy and also to identify the safety as office based procedure in terms of complications.Methods:This is a diagnostic study;the type of in...Objective:To determine the accuracy of transoral flexible laryngoscope (TFL) biopsy and also to identify the safety as office based procedure in terms of complications.Methods:This is a diagnostic study;the type of intervention is outpatient department based biopsy of laryngeal lesions.All patients seen in ENT outpatient department of Lyari General Hospital with suspicious lesions of Larynx were referred for Transoral Flexible Laryngoscopy Biopsy under local anesthesia.The specimens were sent for histopathology.The patients with benign pathology or carcinoma in situ were referred for direct laryngoscopy and biopsy.The sensitivity and specificity were calculated and the frequencies of complications were monitored to determine the complication rate.Results:During the course of study a total of 47 patients underwent TFL biopsy in office settings.Out of these patients 16 patients were referred for direct laryngoscopy biopsy.The study population included 32 men and 15 women with ages ranging from 28 to 52 years and mean of (39 ± 6) years.Among 43 patients squamous cell carcinoma was the final diagnosis in 31 patients.In the rest of 12 patients' dysplasia and benign lesion was the diagnosis in 9 and 3 patients respectively.These 12 patients underwent direct laryngoscopy biopsy and 10 of them diagnosed with invasive carcinoma rest had benign lesions.Hence the specificity was 75.6% and sensitivity was 100%.None of the patients developed any serious complication.Conclusions:All patients with a suspicious lesion diagnosed by TFL biopsy as being benign or carcinoma in situ should have direct laryngoscopy for verification of the findings.But the results positive for carcinoma are reliable.In addition,this is a safe procedure.展开更多
文摘Diabetes is a growing global issue,with socioeconomic status(SES)influencing the incidence and prevalence of the condition.Adults with lower incomes are more likely to develop diabetes and experience higher rates of complications and mortality.In SES assessments,education quality is considered more important than quantity.High-income individuals are less likely to develop diabetes due to their ability to afford balanced diets and medications.Long work hours and illiteracy also contribute to the onset of diabetes.Research conducted in Bahawalpur,Pakistan,found that socioeconomic factors significantly affect diabetes patients,with poor economic status and inadequate diabetic education being more prevalent.Physical inactivity and lack of life insurance further contribute to the condition.In Bahawalpur,a cross-sectional study involving 374 participants from diverse social and economic backgrounds examined the impact of socioeconomic factors on diabetes management and outcomes across different age and gender groups.Among the participants,60%were male and 39.39%were female,with 66.80%over the age of 50.Out of the 374 participants,236(63.10%)were unemployed.Additionally,41.97%of participants had limited knowledge about diabetes.Due to poor knowledge,economic constraints,and lack of physical activity,participants experienced poor diabetes management,leading to negative outcomes.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program (2021YFA0716200/ 2022YFB4003900)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52325604)the financial support from the ANSO scholarship。
文摘Soot nanoparticles produced during combustion exhibit diverse nanostructures,which are affected by different combustion parameters such as flame stoichiometry and temperature.This work focuses on characterizing RP-3 jet flame properties and exploring the intricate relationship between the effect of temperature and carbon formation.The observed flame length displayed a notable increase in proportion to the equivalence ratio's growth.The flame color underwent a great transformation,evolving from pale blue in fuel-lean conditions to bright green at stoichiometric levels,and to brilliant yellow under fuel-rich conditions.Through systematic sampling and thorough observation of soot morphology at different flame heights,there is a clear correlation between the height of the flame and the acceleration of carbon agglomerate growth.Furthermore,an insightful observation is presented wherein the rise in flame height leads to a gradual reduction in the contribution of surface growth to the overall soot particle size.These findings contribute significantly to the understanding of the complex interplay between combustion conditions and soot nanostructures.The trends in flame characteristics,coupled with insights into soot morphology,provide a foundation for comprehending the underlying mechanisms governing soot formation in RP-3 flames.These results contribute to the understanding of combustion dynamics,offering valuable perspectives for optimizing combustion processes and elucidating the environmental implications of flame-formed soot.
文摘Objective:To determine the accuracy of transoral flexible laryngoscope (TFL) biopsy and also to identify the safety as office based procedure in terms of complications.Methods:This is a diagnostic study;the type of intervention is outpatient department based biopsy of laryngeal lesions.All patients seen in ENT outpatient department of Lyari General Hospital with suspicious lesions of Larynx were referred for Transoral Flexible Laryngoscopy Biopsy under local anesthesia.The specimens were sent for histopathology.The patients with benign pathology or carcinoma in situ were referred for direct laryngoscopy and biopsy.The sensitivity and specificity were calculated and the frequencies of complications were monitored to determine the complication rate.Results:During the course of study a total of 47 patients underwent TFL biopsy in office settings.Out of these patients 16 patients were referred for direct laryngoscopy biopsy.The study population included 32 men and 15 women with ages ranging from 28 to 52 years and mean of (39 ± 6) years.Among 43 patients squamous cell carcinoma was the final diagnosis in 31 patients.In the rest of 12 patients' dysplasia and benign lesion was the diagnosis in 9 and 3 patients respectively.These 12 patients underwent direct laryngoscopy biopsy and 10 of them diagnosed with invasive carcinoma rest had benign lesions.Hence the specificity was 75.6% and sensitivity was 100%.None of the patients developed any serious complication.Conclusions:All patients with a suspicious lesion diagnosed by TFL biopsy as being benign or carcinoma in situ should have direct laryngoscopy for verification of the findings.But the results positive for carcinoma are reliable.In addition,this is a safe procedure.
