As the trend to use the latestmachine learning models to automate requirements engineering processes continues,security requirements classification is tuning into the most researched field in the software engineering ...As the trend to use the latestmachine learning models to automate requirements engineering processes continues,security requirements classification is tuning into the most researched field in the software engineering community.Previous literature studies have proposed numerousmodels for the classification of security requirements.However,adopting those models is constrained due to the lack of essential datasets permitting the repetition and generalization of studies employing more advanced machine learning algorithms.Moreover,most of the researchers focus only on the classification of requirements with security keywords.They did not consider other nonfunctional requirements(NFR)directly or indirectly related to security.This has been identified as a significant research gap in security requirements engineering.The major objective of this study is to propose a security requirements classification model that categorizes security and other relevant security requirements.We use PROMISE_exp and DOSSPRE,the two most commonly used datasets in the software engineering community.The proposed methodology consists of two steps.In the first step,we analyze all the nonfunctional requirements and their relation with security requirements.We found 10 NFRs that have a strong relationship with security requirements.In the second step,we categorize those NFRs in the security requirements category.Our proposedmethodology is a hybridmodel based on the ConvolutionalNeural Network(CNN)and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)models.Moreover,we evaluate the model by updating the requirement type column with a binary classification column in the dataset to classify the requirements into security and non-security categories.The performance is evaluated using four metrics:recall,precision,accuracy,and F1 Score with 20 and 28 epochs number and batch size of 32 for PROMISE_exp and DOSSPRE datasets and achieved 87.3%and 85.3%accuracy,respectively.The proposed study shows an enhancement in metrics values compared to the previous literature studies.This is a proof of concept for systematizing the evaluation of security recognition in software systems during the early phases of software development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia associated with significant morbidity and mortality,particularly in patients with concomitant renal dysfunction.Anticoagulation therapy reduces the r...BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia associated with significant morbidity and mortality,particularly in patients with concomitant renal dysfunction.Anticoagulation therapy reduces the risk of thromboembolic complications in AF but presents challenges in patients with renal impairment due to altered pharmacokinetics and increased bleeding risk.AIM To support clinicians in navigating the complexities of anticoagulation in this high-risk population,ensuring optimal outcomes.METHODS The present review followed PRISMA guidelines.Data extraction was conducted using a standardized template that captured key study characteristics:Population demographics,renal function metrics,anticoagulant dosing strategies,and primary and secondary outcomes.For quality assessment,we employed the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for randomized controlled trials.Observational studies were appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.RESULTS We analyze data from 16 studies to provide recommendations on optimal anticoagulation strategies,balancing thrombotic and bleeding risks.Current evidence supports the preferential use of apixaban in moderate chronic kidney disease and cautiously in end-stage renal disease,emphasizing the importance of individualized therapy.CONCLUSION The management of anticoagulation in AF patients with renal dysfunction is challenging but critical for reducing stroke risk.展开更多
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication in patients with Type 1 or Type II. Diabetes Mellitus resulting in fluid shifts, electrolytes imbalance and acid-base disorders, can lead to multi-organ F...Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication in patients with Type 1 or Type II. Diabetes Mellitus resulting in fluid shifts, electrolytes imbalance and acid-base disorders, can lead to multi-organ Failure. The Pancreas and skeletal muscles are not commonly affected in DKA. We present a case of 41-year-old female who was initially admitted in intensive care unit for treatment of Diabetic ketoacidosis, and was treated appropriately later she complained of abdominal pain and generalized myalgia. Hospital course was complicated with Acute pancreatitis and Rhabdomyolysis. Serum electrolytes were significant for hypo-phosphatemia. Workup for myositis and acute pancreatitis were negative. The exact etiology is unknown, but it is proposed in many literature articles that serum hyper-osmolarity and/or electrolyte abnormalities can be the culprits in triggering the complications.展开更多
Fossil plants from the carbonaceous shale of upper part of the Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation in Lindai bauxite deposit fill a gap regarding the distribution of Early Carboniferous flora in Central Guizhou Pro...Fossil plants from the carbonaceous shale of upper part of the Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation in Lindai bauxite deposit fill a gap regarding the distribution of Early Carboniferous flora in Central Guizhou Province.Here the Lindai plant assemblage is systematically described,and its composition and geological age are discussed.Research demonstrates that 9 species in 6 genera of the fossil plants are discovered in this study,and they belong to lycopsids,sphenopsids and ferns,respectively.Based on the analysis of the floral composition,the geological age of the Lindai plant assemblage belongs to the Early Carboniferous Viséan.The discovery of Lindai plant assemblage not only provides a new fossil evidence to restrict the age of bauxite deposits in Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation of Central Guizhou Province,but also has great significance to further research the palaeoecological setting and floral evolution during the Early Carboniferous.展开更多
Mulberry is economically important and can also play a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse gases.Leaf and shoot traits were measured for Morus alba var.Kanmasi,M.alba var.Karyansuban,M.alba var.Latifolia,and M.alba ...Mulberry is economically important and can also play a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse gases.Leaf and shoot traits were measured for Morus alba var.Kanmasi,M.alba var.Karyansuban,M.alba var.Latifolia,and M.alba var.PFI-1 to assess aboveground biomass(AGB)and carbon sequestration.Variety-specific and multivariety allometric AGB models were developed using the equivalent diameter at breast height(EDBH)and plant height(H).The completeharvest method was used to measure leaf and shoot traits and biomass,and the ash method was used to measure organic carbon content.The results showed significant(p<0.01)varietal differences in leaf and shoot traits,AGB and carbon sequestration.PFI-1 variety had the greatest leaf density(mean±SE:1828.3±0.3 leaves tree^(-1)),Karyansuban had the largest mean leaf area(185.94±8.95 cm^(2)).A diminishing return was found between leaf area and leaf density.Latifolia had the highest shoot density per tree(46.6±1.83 shoots tree^(-1)),total shoot length(264.1±2.32 m),dry biomass(16.69±0.58 kg tree^(-1)),carbon sequestration(9.99±0.32 kg tree^(-1))and CO_(2) mitigation(36.67±1.16 kg).The variety-specific AGB models b(EDBH)and b(EDBH)2 showed good fit and reasonable accuracy with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.98-0.99,standard error of estimates(SEE)=0.1125-0.3130 and root mean square error(RMSE)=0.1084-0.3017.The multivariety models bln(EDBH)and(EDBH)0.756 showed good-fitness and accuracy with R^(2)=0.85-0.86,SEE=1.6231-1.6445 and RMSE=1.609-1.630.On the basis of these findings,variety Latifolia has good potential for biomass production,and allometric equations based on EDBH can be used to estimate AGB with a reasonable accuracy.展开更多
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can be transmitted from one person to another.Earlier strains have only been mild viruses,but the current form,known as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),has become a deadly...Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can be transmitted from one person to another.Earlier strains have only been mild viruses,but the current form,known as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),has become a deadly infection.The outbreak originated in Wuhan,China,and has since spread worldwide.The symptoms of COVID-19 include a dry cough,sore throat,fever,and nasal congestion.Antimicrobial drugs,pathogen–host interaction,and 2 weeks of isolation have been recommended for the treatment of the infection.Safe operating procedures,such as the use of face masks,hand sanitizer,handwashing with soap,and social distancing,are also suggested.Moreover,travel bans for cities,states,and countries have been put in place,along with lockdowns to control the outbreak.Travel restrictions,mask use,sanitizer or soap use,and avoidance of touching the face and nose have produced encouraging results,whereas the effectiveness of antibiotics has not been proved.The results of isolation for the recovery of infected people have also been promising.Travel bans and lockdowns have caused a slump in economies,and unemployment has risen sharply,resulting in an increase in mental health cases globally.To date,vaccines have been developed and are in use in certain countries,but following standard operating procedures remain critical.The countries following the guidelines can eradicate this virus.New Zealand was the rst country to eliminate the virus from their territory.展开更多
Hybrid Excited Flux Switching Machines(HEFSMs)unique feature of high torque density(T_(den))of Permanent Magnet(PM)machines and flux regulation capability of wound field excitation machines.Due to aforesaid unique fea...Hybrid Excited Flux Switching Machines(HEFSMs)unique feature of high torque density(T_(den))of Permanent Magnet(PM)machines and flux regulation capability of wound field excitation machines.Due to aforesaid unique features,stator active HEFSMs are preferred for EV/HEV applications.In this paper a new Segmented PM Consequent Pole HE-FSM(SPMCPHEFSM)with flux bridge is proposed for EV/HEV.The developed SPMCPHEFSM exhibits improved flux modulation and flux regulation capability at reduced PM usage(suppressed PM volume by 46.52%and PM cost by 46.48%)and eliminating stator leakage flux.First,SPMCPHEFSM is geometric optimized(GO)for investigating influence of leading design with key performance indicators such as flux linkage(Ф_(pp)),average torque(T_(avg)),cogging torque(T_(cog)),T_(den),average power(P_(avg))and power density(P_(den))and then proceeded optimized model to structure modification for optimal stator design and position of field excitation coils(FEC).Comprehensive performance analysis reveals that the developed SPMCPHEFSM show improvedФ_(pp)maximum up to 9.11%,improved T_(avg)maximum up to 23.63%,truncate T_(cog)up to 18.9%whereas T_(den)and P_(den)are boost up to 23.55%and 89.72%respectively.展开更多
Unique double salient structure of Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machines(PMFSM)with both Concentrated Armature inding(CAW)and Permanent Magnet(PM)on stator attract researcher's interest for high speed brushless...Unique double salient structure of Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machines(PMFSM)with both Concentrated Armature inding(CAW)and Permanent Magnet(PM)on stator attract researcher's interest for high speed brushless application when high torque density(T den)and power density(P den)are the primal requirements.However,despite of stator leakage flux,high rare-earth PM usage,PMFSM is subjected to slot effects due to presence of both PM and CAW in stator and partial saturation due to double salient structure which generates cogging torque(T cog),torque ripples(Trip)and lower average torque(T avg).To overcomne aforesaid demerits,this paper presents Partitioned PM(PPM)Consequent Pole Flux Switching Machine(PPM-CPFSM)with flux barriers to enhance flux mnodulation,curtail PM usage and diminish stator leakage flux which reduces slotting effects and partial saturation to ultimately reduces T cog and Trip In comparison with the existing state of the art,proposed PPM-CPFSM reduces 46.5390 of the total PM volumne and offer Tavg higher up to 88.8%,suppress Trip naximun up to 24.8%,diminish Tcog up to 22.74%and offer 2.45 times Tden and Pden.Furthermore,torque characteristics of proposed PPM-CPFSM is investigated utilizing space harmonics injection i.e.inverse cosine,inverse cosine with 3rd harmonics and rotor pole shaping techniques i.e.,ecce ntric circle,chanfering and notching.Detailed electromagnetic perfornance analysis reveals that harmonics injection suppressed Tcog maximun up to 83.5%,Trip up to 40.72%at the cost of 4.71%Tavg.Finally,rotor mnechanical stress analysis is utilized for rotor withstand capability and 3D-FEA based Coupled Elctromagnetic Thermal Analysis(CETA)for thermal behavior of the developed PPM CPFSM.CETA reveals that open space along PPM act as cooling duct that inprove heat dissipation.展开更多
Due to double salient structure,Flux Switching Machines(FSMs)are preferred for brushless AC high speed applications.Permanent Magnet(PM)FSMs(PM-FSMs)are suited applicants where high torque density(Tden)and power densi...Due to double salient structure,Flux Switching Machines(FSMs)are preferred for brushless AC high speed applications.Permanent Magnet(PM)FSMs(PM-FSMs)are suited applicants where high torque density(Tden)and power density(Pden)are the utmost requisite.However conventional PM-FSMs utilizes excessive rare earth PM volume VPM,higher cogging torque Tcog,high torque ripples(Trip)and comparatively lower(Tden)and Pden due to flux leakage.To overcome the aforesaid demerits,a new high(Tden)Segmented PM Consequent Pole(CP)FSM(SPMCPFSM)with flux bridge and barrier is proposed which successfully reduces VPM by 46.52%and PM cost by 46.48%.Moreover,Multi-Objective Optimization(MOO)examines electromagnetic performance due to variation in geometric parameters for global optimum parameters with key metric such as flux linkage(Φpp),flux harmonics(ΦTHD)average torque(Tavg),Tcog,Trip,Tden,average power(Pavg)and Pden.Analysis reveals that MOO improveΦpp by 22.68%,boost Tavg by 11.41%,enhanced Pavg by 4.55%and increased Tden and Pden by 11.41%.Detailed electromagnetic performance comparison with existing state of the art shows that proposed SPMCPFSM offer Tavg maximum up to 88.8%,truncate Trip up to 24.8%,suppress Tcog up to 22.74%,and results 2.45 times Tden and Pden.展开更多
Studying the significant impacts on vegetation of drought due to global warming is crucial in order to understand its dynamics and interrelationships with temperature,rainfall,and normalized difference vegetation inde...Studying the significant impacts on vegetation of drought due to global warming is crucial in order to understand its dynamics and interrelationships with temperature,rainfall,and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI).These factors are linked to excesses drought frequency and severity on the regional scale,and their effect on vegetation remains an important topic for climate change study.East Asia is very sensitive and susceptible to climate change.In this study,we examined the effect of drought on the seasonal variations of vegetation in relation to climate variability and determined which growing seasons are most vulnerable to drought risk;and then explored the spatio-temporal evolution of the trend in drought changes in East Asia from 1982 to 2019.The data were studied using a series of several drought indexes,and the data were then classified using a heat map,box and whisker plot analysis,and principal component analysis.The various drought indexes from January to August improved rapidly,except for vegetation health index(VHI)and temperature condition index(TCI).While these indices were constant in September,they increased again in October,but in December,they showed a descending trend.The seasonal and monthly analysis of the drought indexes and the heat map confirmed that the East Asian region suffered from extreme droughts in 1984,1993,2007,and 2012among the study years.The distribution of the trend in drought changes indicated that more severe drought occurred in the northwestern region than in the southeastern area of East Asia.The drought tendency slope was used to describe the changes in drought events during 1982–2019 in the study region.The correlations among monthly precipitation anomaly percentage(NAP),NDVI,TCI,vegetation condition index(VCI),temperature vegetation drought index(TVDI),and VHI indicated considerably positive correlations,while considerably negative correlations were found among the three pairs of NDVI and VHI,TVDI and VHI,and NDVI and TCI.This ecological and climatic mechanism provides a good basis for the assessment of vegetation and drought-change variations within the East Asian region.This study is a step forward in monitoring the seasonal variation of vegetation and variations in drought dynamics within the East Asian region,which will serve and contribute to the better management of vegetation,disaster risk,and drought in the East Asian region.展开更多
Pakistan is rich in coal resources,which amount to around 186 billion tons.The Paleocene Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coalfields are located in the Central Salt Range Punjab Province and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province...Pakistan is rich in coal resources,which amount to around 186 billion tons.The Paleocene Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coalfields are located in the Central Salt Range Punjab Province and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province,Pakistan,respectively.Padhrar coal has not been studied in detail and the Darra Adam Khel coalfields are newlydiscovered,so no research has been done,due to security considerations.In this study,an attempt has been made to study the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals,in order to learn about the coal quality,element enrichment mechanism,sedimentary medium conditions and potentially valuable elements for coal utilization.The Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals are low to medium ash,low moisture content,high in volatiles and high total sulfur coal.The vitrinite reflectance in Darra Adam Khel coal is higher than in Padhrar coal,indicating either a greater burial depth or the effects of Himalayan tectonism.The vitrinite content is dominant in the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals,followed by inertinite and liptinite,the major minerals including quartz,clay minerals,calcite and pyrite.The trace elements Ni,As,Be Zn,Ge,Mo,Ta,W,Co and Nb,Sn,Hf,Ta,Pb,Th,Cd,In,Be,V,Cr,Zr,Ag,Li,W and Co are concentrated in some of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coal samples,respectively.The Padhrar coal shows positive Ce,Eu and Gd anomalies,with most of the Darra Adam Khel coal showing negative Ce,Eu and positive Gd anomalies with high LREE.The Al2O3/TiO2 values indicate that the sediment source of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals is mostly related to intermediate igneous rocks.The Sr/Ba,SiO2+Al2O3,Fe2O3+CaO+MgO/SiO2+Al2O3 and high sulfur content in the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals indicate epithermal and marine water influence with a tidal flat,coal-forming environment and a deltaic coal-forming environment,respectively.展开更多
As big data,its technologies,and application continue to advance,the Smart Grid(SG)has become one of the most successful pervasive and fixed computing platforms that efficiently uses a data-driven approach and employs...As big data,its technologies,and application continue to advance,the Smart Grid(SG)has become one of the most successful pervasive and fixed computing platforms that efficiently uses a data-driven approach and employs efficient information and communication technology(ICT)and cloud computing.As a result of the complicated architecture of cloud computing,the distinctive working of advanced metering infrastructures(AMI),and the use of sensitive data,it has become challenging tomake the SG secure.Faults of the SG are categorized into two main categories,Technical Losses(TLs)and Non-Technical Losses(NTLs).Hardware failure,communication issues,ohmic losses,and energy burnout during transmission and propagation of energy are TLs.NTL’s are human-induced errors for malicious purposes such as attacking sensitive data and electricity theft,along with tampering with AMI for bill reduction by fraudulent customers.This research proposes a data-driven methodology based on principles of computational intelligence as well as big data analysis to identify fraudulent customers based on their load profile.In our proposed methodology,a hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine(GA-SVM)model has been used to extract the relevant subset of feature data from a large and unsupervised public smart grid project dataset in London,UK,for theft detection.A subset of 26 out of 71 features is obtained with a classification accuracy of 96.6%,compared to studies conducted on small and limited datasets.展开更多
The field of molecular charge transfer cocrystals(CTCs)has advanced rapidly in recent years,with much work focused on their use in optoelectronic devices,photoacoustic imaging,photothermal therapy(PTT),opticalwaveguid...The field of molecular charge transfer cocrystals(CTCs)has advanced rapidly in recent years,with much work focused on their use in optoelectronic devices,photoacoustic imaging,photothermal therapy(PTT),opticalwaveguides,seawater desalination,and more.Organic photothermal CTCs are of particular interest because of their unique phototherapeutic effects in phototherapy and their remarkable imaging capabilities in fluorescence,magnetic resonance,and photoacoustic imaging,further enhancing their significance in medical applications.However,the use of photothermal CTCs in biomedicine has been limited,with few reported biological applications.Hence,there is a growing interest in CT-derived functional photothermal cocrystals potential contenders for targeted and controlled biomedical applications such as bacteria inhibition,cancer eradication,and tissue regeneration.This review offers insight into the recent advancements in crafting and producing CT-based materials with biomedical attributes.In addition,it outlines the current obstacles and future prospects in this burgeoning research domain,aiming to propel the continued advancement of CT-based biomaterials toward enhanced biomedical utilities.Overall,cocrystal-based near-infrared(NIR)photothermal materials have the potential to revolutionize a wide range of medical and technological applications and are an active area of research in chemistry,materials science,and nanotechnology.展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoT)is playing an important role in providing access to affordable,clean and green energy worldwide through the use of smart devices.The current electric power networks will be more reliable,sec...The Internet of Things(IoT)is playing an important role in providing access to affordable,clean and green energy worldwide through the use of smart devices.The current electric power networks will be more reliable,secure,flexible and durable by implementing IoT in power systems.This paper presents a brief discussion about IoT contributions in the development of power systems from a generation,transmission,distribution and consumption point of view.5G cellular networks have a great potential for the development of IoT technology.Additionally,5G cellular networks can be instrumental in supporting the greater communication needs of IoT.This review provides a comprehensive analysis about the role of 5G cellular networks in the growth of IoT technology and power systems.Large amounts of data will be generated due to the incorporation of renewable energy,deployment of the smart grid and the improvements to the electricity market.In this way,in order to realize the connection between things and people,things and things and people and people in power systems,it is essential to apply IoT in power systems.In this case,5G is providing numerous advantages to Power IoT(PIoT)by offering greater opportunities in progress and improvements;however,there are also numerous challenges with the deployment of 5G in PIoT.Finally,this review article provides an overview of the role,implications and challenges of 5G in PIoT.展开更多
Permanent magnet flux switching machines(PMFSM)have attracted significant research interest and are considered as competent candidates when higher torque density is primary requirement.However,conventional PMFSMs uses...Permanent magnet flux switching machines(PMFSM)have attracted significant research interest and are considered as competent candidates when higher torque density is primary requirement.However,conventional PMFSMs uses excessive rare earth PM volumes which ultimately increases machine the machine weight and PM cost.Moreover,the PMs extended at the stator yoke results in stator leakage flux which degrades the performance.To suppress the leakage flux and diminish the PM volume,the consequent pole PMFSM(CPPMFSM)with flux bridges and barriers encompassing partitioned circumferential and radial magnetized PMs is proposed,thereby ensuring an alternate magnetic path for the working harmonics which improves the modulation effect and flux distribution.Moreover,the influence of the rotor pole number on seven different rotor structures namely,curved rotor,trapezoidal rotor,wide rotor tooth tip,wide rotor base width,rectangular segmented and eccentric rotors are investigated based on the electromagnetic performance and stress distribution.Finite element analysis(FEA)reveals that the 12S-13P CPPMFSM with a wider rotor base offers comparatively better electromagnetic performance.Compare to the conventional PMFSM,the proposed CPPMFSM reduces the PM volume which minimizes the overall machine cost and weight,suppresses the torque ripples by 16.49%,diminishes total harmonic distortion(THD)by 35.24%and decreases cogging torque by 32.88%.Furthermore,the torque and power density are enhanced by 7.028%and 7.025%respectively.展开更多
Both natural and synthetic peptides are not only biologically important,continuous research and comprehension of these short protein fragments show that they also have multifarious potentials in food manufacturing,nam...Both natural and synthetic peptides are not only biologically important,continuous research and comprehension of these short protein fragments show that they also have multifarious potentials in food manufacturing,namely emulsion-based products.The emulsions may basically be oil-in-water or water-in-oil,as well as temporary,semi-permanent,or permanent in a continuous phase that suspends the droplets of the other elements used in food and pharmaceutical industries to formulate products such as gels,creams,ointments,and vaccines.In this review,the classification,preparation,and identification of peptides were described,followed by peptide-based emulsion properties and their relationship with regards to stability,structure,solubility,hydrophobicity,foaming,and water holding capacity.This then dovetailed into the release rate and gastric stability of encapsulated peptides in the human digestive system,before exploring further needs and recommendations.It is desired that more studies be conducted to define the impact of carrier ingredients selection,encapsulation and processing techniques,environment,and peptides chemistry on peptide-based emulsions to attain high efficacy.展开更多
Compact stator structure of flux switching machines(FSMs)encompassing both permanent magnets(PMs)and armature winding slots(AWS)attract research interest whenever high power and density are the basic requirements.Howe...Compact stator structure of flux switching machines(FSMs)encompassing both permanent magnets(PMs)and armature winding slots(AWS)attract research interest whenever high power and density are the basic requirements.However,it also results in temperature rises owing to heat generation by electromagnetic power losses degrading the electromagnetic performance and affecting machine performance.In this study,a segmented permanent magnet(SPM)consequent pole FSM(SPM-CPFSM)is developed,which provides a stator cooling channel(duct)for improved heat dissipation to avoid demagnetization of PM as well as overheating.Furthermore,this study investigates detailed electromagnetic performance analysis and prediction of temperature variation in various machine parts owing to the heat generated by iron,copper,and magnet eddy current losses utilizing coupled electromagnetic-thermal analysis accounting for magnetic flux density variation.In comparison with the 2D analysis,the developed 3D coupled-field analysis more accurately predicts electromagnetic performance and temperature distribution.Analysis reveals that a cooling duct at the stator significantly assists in stator heat dissipation in the axial direction ensuring a safe operating condition of the PMs as well as machine parts to avoid overheating.展开更多
基金The authors of this study extend their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number(RSPD2025R544),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudia Arabia.
文摘As the trend to use the latestmachine learning models to automate requirements engineering processes continues,security requirements classification is tuning into the most researched field in the software engineering community.Previous literature studies have proposed numerousmodels for the classification of security requirements.However,adopting those models is constrained due to the lack of essential datasets permitting the repetition and generalization of studies employing more advanced machine learning algorithms.Moreover,most of the researchers focus only on the classification of requirements with security keywords.They did not consider other nonfunctional requirements(NFR)directly or indirectly related to security.This has been identified as a significant research gap in security requirements engineering.The major objective of this study is to propose a security requirements classification model that categorizes security and other relevant security requirements.We use PROMISE_exp and DOSSPRE,the two most commonly used datasets in the software engineering community.The proposed methodology consists of two steps.In the first step,we analyze all the nonfunctional requirements and their relation with security requirements.We found 10 NFRs that have a strong relationship with security requirements.In the second step,we categorize those NFRs in the security requirements category.Our proposedmethodology is a hybridmodel based on the ConvolutionalNeural Network(CNN)and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)models.Moreover,we evaluate the model by updating the requirement type column with a binary classification column in the dataset to classify the requirements into security and non-security categories.The performance is evaluated using four metrics:recall,precision,accuracy,and F1 Score with 20 and 28 epochs number and batch size of 32 for PROMISE_exp and DOSSPRE datasets and achieved 87.3%and 85.3%accuracy,respectively.The proposed study shows an enhancement in metrics values compared to the previous literature studies.This is a proof of concept for systematizing the evaluation of security recognition in software systems during the early phases of software development.
文摘BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia associated with significant morbidity and mortality,particularly in patients with concomitant renal dysfunction.Anticoagulation therapy reduces the risk of thromboembolic complications in AF but presents challenges in patients with renal impairment due to altered pharmacokinetics and increased bleeding risk.AIM To support clinicians in navigating the complexities of anticoagulation in this high-risk population,ensuring optimal outcomes.METHODS The present review followed PRISMA guidelines.Data extraction was conducted using a standardized template that captured key study characteristics:Population demographics,renal function metrics,anticoagulant dosing strategies,and primary and secondary outcomes.For quality assessment,we employed the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for randomized controlled trials.Observational studies were appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.RESULTS We analyze data from 16 studies to provide recommendations on optimal anticoagulation strategies,balancing thrombotic and bleeding risks.Current evidence supports the preferential use of apixaban in moderate chronic kidney disease and cautiously in end-stage renal disease,emphasizing the importance of individualized therapy.CONCLUSION The management of anticoagulation in AF patients with renal dysfunction is challenging but critical for reducing stroke risk.
文摘Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication in patients with Type 1 or Type II. Diabetes Mellitus resulting in fluid shifts, electrolytes imbalance and acid-base disorders, can lead to multi-organ Failure. The Pancreas and skeletal muscles are not commonly affected in DKA. We present a case of 41-year-old female who was initially admitted in intensive care unit for treatment of Diabetic ketoacidosis, and was treated appropriately later she complained of abdominal pain and generalized myalgia. Hospital course was complicated with Acute pancreatitis and Rhabdomyolysis. Serum electrolytes were significant for hypo-phosphatemia. Workup for myositis and acute pancreatitis were negative. The exact etiology is unknown, but it is proposed in many literature articles that serum hyper-osmolarity and/or electrolyte abnormalities can be the culprits in triggering the complications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1812402)the project of the scientific and technological innovation team of sedimentary deposits in Guizhou Province(No.20185613)+1 种基金the project of the graduate scientific research fund of Guizhou Province(No.YJSCXJH[2019]039)the Project of Young Scientific Talent of Guizhou(No.2016117)。
文摘Fossil plants from the carbonaceous shale of upper part of the Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation in Lindai bauxite deposit fill a gap regarding the distribution of Early Carboniferous flora in Central Guizhou Province.Here the Lindai plant assemblage is systematically described,and its composition and geological age are discussed.Research demonstrates that 9 species in 6 genera of the fossil plants are discovered in this study,and they belong to lycopsids,sphenopsids and ferns,respectively.Based on the analysis of the floral composition,the geological age of the Lindai plant assemblage belongs to the Early Carboniferous Viséan.The discovery of Lindai plant assemblage not only provides a new fossil evidence to restrict the age of bauxite deposits in Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation of Central Guizhou Province,but also has great significance to further research the palaeoecological setting and floral evolution during the Early Carboniferous.
基金The work was supported by Annual Development Programme of Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa under Project"Synthesis of Bivoltine Silkworm Hybrids and Germplasm Conservation for Enhancing Livelihood of Forest Dependent Communities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"(No.386/160163).
文摘Mulberry is economically important and can also play a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse gases.Leaf and shoot traits were measured for Morus alba var.Kanmasi,M.alba var.Karyansuban,M.alba var.Latifolia,and M.alba var.PFI-1 to assess aboveground biomass(AGB)and carbon sequestration.Variety-specific and multivariety allometric AGB models were developed using the equivalent diameter at breast height(EDBH)and plant height(H).The completeharvest method was used to measure leaf and shoot traits and biomass,and the ash method was used to measure organic carbon content.The results showed significant(p<0.01)varietal differences in leaf and shoot traits,AGB and carbon sequestration.PFI-1 variety had the greatest leaf density(mean±SE:1828.3±0.3 leaves tree^(-1)),Karyansuban had the largest mean leaf area(185.94±8.95 cm^(2)).A diminishing return was found between leaf area and leaf density.Latifolia had the highest shoot density per tree(46.6±1.83 shoots tree^(-1)),total shoot length(264.1±2.32 m),dry biomass(16.69±0.58 kg tree^(-1)),carbon sequestration(9.99±0.32 kg tree^(-1))and CO_(2) mitigation(36.67±1.16 kg).The variety-specific AGB models b(EDBH)and b(EDBH)2 showed good fit and reasonable accuracy with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.98-0.99,standard error of estimates(SEE)=0.1125-0.3130 and root mean square error(RMSE)=0.1084-0.3017.The multivariety models bln(EDBH)and(EDBH)0.756 showed good-fitness and accuracy with R^(2)=0.85-0.86,SEE=1.6231-1.6445 and RMSE=1.609-1.630.On the basis of these findings,variety Latifolia has good potential for biomass production,and allometric equations based on EDBH can be used to estimate AGB with a reasonable accuracy.
文摘Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can be transmitted from one person to another.Earlier strains have only been mild viruses,but the current form,known as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),has become a deadly infection.The outbreak originated in Wuhan,China,and has since spread worldwide.The symptoms of COVID-19 include a dry cough,sore throat,fever,and nasal congestion.Antimicrobial drugs,pathogen–host interaction,and 2 weeks of isolation have been recommended for the treatment of the infection.Safe operating procedures,such as the use of face masks,hand sanitizer,handwashing with soap,and social distancing,are also suggested.Moreover,travel bans for cities,states,and countries have been put in place,along with lockdowns to control the outbreak.Travel restrictions,mask use,sanitizer or soap use,and avoidance of touching the face and nose have produced encouraging results,whereas the effectiveness of antibiotics has not been proved.The results of isolation for the recovery of infected people have also been promising.Travel bans and lockdowns have caused a slump in economies,and unemployment has risen sharply,resulting in an increase in mental health cases globally.To date,vaccines have been developed and are in use in certain countries,but following standard operating procedures remain critical.The countries following the guidelines can eradicate this virus.New Zealand was the rst country to eliminate the virus from their territory.
文摘Hybrid Excited Flux Switching Machines(HEFSMs)unique feature of high torque density(T_(den))of Permanent Magnet(PM)machines and flux regulation capability of wound field excitation machines.Due to aforesaid unique features,stator active HEFSMs are preferred for EV/HEV applications.In this paper a new Segmented PM Consequent Pole HE-FSM(SPMCPHEFSM)with flux bridge is proposed for EV/HEV.The developed SPMCPHEFSM exhibits improved flux modulation and flux regulation capability at reduced PM usage(suppressed PM volume by 46.52%and PM cost by 46.48%)and eliminating stator leakage flux.First,SPMCPHEFSM is geometric optimized(GO)for investigating influence of leading design with key performance indicators such as flux linkage(Ф_(pp)),average torque(T_(avg)),cogging torque(T_(cog)),T_(den),average power(P_(avg))and power density(P_(den))and then proceeded optimized model to structure modification for optimal stator design and position of field excitation coils(FEC).Comprehensive performance analysis reveals that the developed SPMCPHEFSM show improvedФ_(pp)maximum up to 9.11%,improved T_(avg)maximum up to 23.63%,truncate T_(cog)up to 18.9%whereas T_(den)and P_(den)are boost up to 23.55%and 89.72%respectively.
文摘Unique double salient structure of Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machines(PMFSM)with both Concentrated Armature inding(CAW)and Permanent Magnet(PM)on stator attract researcher's interest for high speed brushless application when high torque density(T den)and power density(P den)are the primal requirements.However,despite of stator leakage flux,high rare-earth PM usage,PMFSM is subjected to slot effects due to presence of both PM and CAW in stator and partial saturation due to double salient structure which generates cogging torque(T cog),torque ripples(Trip)and lower average torque(T avg).To overcomne aforesaid demerits,this paper presents Partitioned PM(PPM)Consequent Pole Flux Switching Machine(PPM-CPFSM)with flux barriers to enhance flux mnodulation,curtail PM usage and diminish stator leakage flux which reduces slotting effects and partial saturation to ultimately reduces T cog and Trip In comparison with the existing state of the art,proposed PPM-CPFSM reduces 46.5390 of the total PM volumne and offer Tavg higher up to 88.8%,suppress Trip naximun up to 24.8%,diminish Tcog up to 22.74%and offer 2.45 times Tden and Pden.Furthermore,torque characteristics of proposed PPM-CPFSM is investigated utilizing space harmonics injection i.e.inverse cosine,inverse cosine with 3rd harmonics and rotor pole shaping techniques i.e.,ecce ntric circle,chanfering and notching.Detailed electromagnetic perfornance analysis reveals that harmonics injection suppressed Tcog maximun up to 83.5%,Trip up to 40.72%at the cost of 4.71%Tavg.Finally,rotor mnechanical stress analysis is utilized for rotor withstand capability and 3D-FEA based Coupled Elctromagnetic Thermal Analysis(CETA)for thermal behavior of the developed PPM CPFSM.CETA reveals that open space along PPM act as cooling duct that inprove heat dissipation.
文摘Due to double salient structure,Flux Switching Machines(FSMs)are preferred for brushless AC high speed applications.Permanent Magnet(PM)FSMs(PM-FSMs)are suited applicants where high torque density(Tden)and power density(Pden)are the utmost requisite.However conventional PM-FSMs utilizes excessive rare earth PM volume VPM,higher cogging torque Tcog,high torque ripples(Trip)and comparatively lower(Tden)and Pden due to flux leakage.To overcome the aforesaid demerits,a new high(Tden)Segmented PM Consequent Pole(CP)FSM(SPMCPFSM)with flux bridge and barrier is proposed which successfully reduces VPM by 46.52%and PM cost by 46.48%.Moreover,Multi-Objective Optimization(MOO)examines electromagnetic performance due to variation in geometric parameters for global optimum parameters with key metric such as flux linkage(Φpp),flux harmonics(ΦTHD)average torque(Tavg),Tcog,Trip,Tden,average power(Pavg)and Pden.Analysis reveals that MOO improveΦpp by 22.68%,boost Tavg by 11.41%,enhanced Pavg by 4.55%and increased Tden and Pden by 11.41%.Detailed electromagnetic performance comparison with existing state of the art shows that proposed SPMCPFSM offer Tavg maximum up to 88.8%,truncate Trip up to 24.8%,suppress Tcog up to 22.74%,and results 2.45 times Tden and Pden.
基金the Basic Research Project of Zhejiang Normal University,China(ZC304022952)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funding(2018M642614)the Natural Science Foundation Youth Proj ect of S h andong Provi nce,C hina(ZR2020QF281)。
文摘Studying the significant impacts on vegetation of drought due to global warming is crucial in order to understand its dynamics and interrelationships with temperature,rainfall,and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI).These factors are linked to excesses drought frequency and severity on the regional scale,and their effect on vegetation remains an important topic for climate change study.East Asia is very sensitive and susceptible to climate change.In this study,we examined the effect of drought on the seasonal variations of vegetation in relation to climate variability and determined which growing seasons are most vulnerable to drought risk;and then explored the spatio-temporal evolution of the trend in drought changes in East Asia from 1982 to 2019.The data were studied using a series of several drought indexes,and the data were then classified using a heat map,box and whisker plot analysis,and principal component analysis.The various drought indexes from January to August improved rapidly,except for vegetation health index(VHI)and temperature condition index(TCI).While these indices were constant in September,they increased again in October,but in December,they showed a descending trend.The seasonal and monthly analysis of the drought indexes and the heat map confirmed that the East Asian region suffered from extreme droughts in 1984,1993,2007,and 2012among the study years.The distribution of the trend in drought changes indicated that more severe drought occurred in the northwestern region than in the southeastern area of East Asia.The drought tendency slope was used to describe the changes in drought events during 1982–2019 in the study region.The correlations among monthly precipitation anomaly percentage(NAP),NDVI,TCI,vegetation condition index(VCI),temperature vegetation drought index(TVDI),and VHI indicated considerably positive correlations,while considerably negative correlations were found among the three pairs of NDVI and VHI,TVDI and VHI,and NDVI and TCI.This ecological and climatic mechanism provides a good basis for the assessment of vegetation and drought-change variations within the East Asian region.This study is a step forward in monitoring the seasonal variation of vegetation and variations in drought dynamics within the East Asian region,which will serve and contribute to the better management of vegetation,disaster risk,and drought in the East Asian region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1812402)the project of the scientific and technological innovation team of sedimentary deposits in Guizhou Province(No.2018-5613).
文摘Pakistan is rich in coal resources,which amount to around 186 billion tons.The Paleocene Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coalfields are located in the Central Salt Range Punjab Province and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province,Pakistan,respectively.Padhrar coal has not been studied in detail and the Darra Adam Khel coalfields are newlydiscovered,so no research has been done,due to security considerations.In this study,an attempt has been made to study the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals,in order to learn about the coal quality,element enrichment mechanism,sedimentary medium conditions and potentially valuable elements for coal utilization.The Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals are low to medium ash,low moisture content,high in volatiles and high total sulfur coal.The vitrinite reflectance in Darra Adam Khel coal is higher than in Padhrar coal,indicating either a greater burial depth or the effects of Himalayan tectonism.The vitrinite content is dominant in the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals,followed by inertinite and liptinite,the major minerals including quartz,clay minerals,calcite and pyrite.The trace elements Ni,As,Be Zn,Ge,Mo,Ta,W,Co and Nb,Sn,Hf,Ta,Pb,Th,Cd,In,Be,V,Cr,Zr,Ag,Li,W and Co are concentrated in some of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coal samples,respectively.The Padhrar coal shows positive Ce,Eu and Gd anomalies,with most of the Darra Adam Khel coal showing negative Ce,Eu and positive Gd anomalies with high LREE.The Al2O3/TiO2 values indicate that the sediment source of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals is mostly related to intermediate igneous rocks.The Sr/Ba,SiO2+Al2O3,Fe2O3+CaO+MgO/SiO2+Al2O3 and high sulfur content in the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals indicate epithermal and marine water influence with a tidal flat,coal-forming environment and a deltaic coal-forming environment,respectively.
基金This research is funded by Fayoum University,Egypt.
文摘As big data,its technologies,and application continue to advance,the Smart Grid(SG)has become one of the most successful pervasive and fixed computing platforms that efficiently uses a data-driven approach and employs efficient information and communication technology(ICT)and cloud computing.As a result of the complicated architecture of cloud computing,the distinctive working of advanced metering infrastructures(AMI),and the use of sensitive data,it has become challenging tomake the SG secure.Faults of the SG are categorized into two main categories,Technical Losses(TLs)and Non-Technical Losses(NTLs).Hardware failure,communication issues,ohmic losses,and energy burnout during transmission and propagation of energy are TLs.NTL’s are human-induced errors for malicious purposes such as attacking sensitive data and electricity theft,along with tampering with AMI for bill reduction by fraudulent customers.This research proposes a data-driven methodology based on principles of computational intelligence as well as big data analysis to identify fraudulent customers based on their load profile.In our proposed methodology,a hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine(GA-SVM)model has been used to extract the relevant subset of feature data from a large and unsupervised public smart grid project dataset in London,UK,for theft detection.A subset of 26 out of 71 features is obtained with a classification accuracy of 96.6%,compared to studies conducted on small and limited datasets.
基金supported by the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center(KAIMRC)Sauid Arabia:Grant NRC23R/746/11.
文摘The field of molecular charge transfer cocrystals(CTCs)has advanced rapidly in recent years,with much work focused on their use in optoelectronic devices,photoacoustic imaging,photothermal therapy(PTT),opticalwaveguides,seawater desalination,and more.Organic photothermal CTCs are of particular interest because of their unique phototherapeutic effects in phototherapy and their remarkable imaging capabilities in fluorescence,magnetic resonance,and photoacoustic imaging,further enhancing their significance in medical applications.However,the use of photothermal CTCs in biomedicine has been limited,with few reported biological applications.Hence,there is a growing interest in CT-derived functional photothermal cocrystals potential contenders for targeted and controlled biomedical applications such as bacteria inhibition,cancer eradication,and tissue regeneration.This review offers insight into the recent advancements in crafting and producing CT-based materials with biomedical attributes.In addition,it outlines the current obstacles and future prospects in this burgeoning research domain,aiming to propel the continued advancement of CT-based biomaterials toward enhanced biomedical utilities.Overall,cocrystal-based near-infrared(NIR)photothermal materials have the potential to revolutionize a wide range of medical and technological applications and are an active area of research in chemistry,materials science,and nanotechnology.
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)is playing an important role in providing access to affordable,clean and green energy worldwide through the use of smart devices.The current electric power networks will be more reliable,secure,flexible and durable by implementing IoT in power systems.This paper presents a brief discussion about IoT contributions in the development of power systems from a generation,transmission,distribution and consumption point of view.5G cellular networks have a great potential for the development of IoT technology.Additionally,5G cellular networks can be instrumental in supporting the greater communication needs of IoT.This review provides a comprehensive analysis about the role of 5G cellular networks in the growth of IoT technology and power systems.Large amounts of data will be generated due to the incorporation of renewable energy,deployment of the smart grid and the improvements to the electricity market.In this way,in order to realize the connection between things and people,things and things and people and people in power systems,it is essential to apply IoT in power systems.In this case,5G is providing numerous advantages to Power IoT(PIoT)by offering greater opportunities in progress and improvements;however,there are also numerous challenges with the deployment of 5G in PIoT.Finally,this review article provides an overview of the role,implications and challenges of 5G in PIoT.
文摘Permanent magnet flux switching machines(PMFSM)have attracted significant research interest and are considered as competent candidates when higher torque density is primary requirement.However,conventional PMFSMs uses excessive rare earth PM volumes which ultimately increases machine the machine weight and PM cost.Moreover,the PMs extended at the stator yoke results in stator leakage flux which degrades the performance.To suppress the leakage flux and diminish the PM volume,the consequent pole PMFSM(CPPMFSM)with flux bridges and barriers encompassing partitioned circumferential and radial magnetized PMs is proposed,thereby ensuring an alternate magnetic path for the working harmonics which improves the modulation effect and flux distribution.Moreover,the influence of the rotor pole number on seven different rotor structures namely,curved rotor,trapezoidal rotor,wide rotor tooth tip,wide rotor base width,rectangular segmented and eccentric rotors are investigated based on the electromagnetic performance and stress distribution.Finite element analysis(FEA)reveals that the 12S-13P CPPMFSM with a wider rotor base offers comparatively better electromagnetic performance.Compare to the conventional PMFSM,the proposed CPPMFSM reduces the PM volume which minimizes the overall machine cost and weight,suppresses the torque ripples by 16.49%,diminishes total harmonic distortion(THD)by 35.24%and decreases cogging torque by 32.88%.Furthermore,the torque and power density are enhanced by 7.028%and 7.025%respectively.
文摘Both natural and synthetic peptides are not only biologically important,continuous research and comprehension of these short protein fragments show that they also have multifarious potentials in food manufacturing,namely emulsion-based products.The emulsions may basically be oil-in-water or water-in-oil,as well as temporary,semi-permanent,or permanent in a continuous phase that suspends the droplets of the other elements used in food and pharmaceutical industries to formulate products such as gels,creams,ointments,and vaccines.In this review,the classification,preparation,and identification of peptides were described,followed by peptide-based emulsion properties and their relationship with regards to stability,structure,solubility,hydrophobicity,foaming,and water holding capacity.This then dovetailed into the release rate and gastric stability of encapsulated peptides in the human digestive system,before exploring further needs and recommendations.It is desired that more studies be conducted to define the impact of carrier ingredients selection,encapsulation and processing techniques,environment,and peptides chemistry on peptide-based emulsions to attain high efficacy.
文摘Compact stator structure of flux switching machines(FSMs)encompassing both permanent magnets(PMs)and armature winding slots(AWS)attract research interest whenever high power and density are the basic requirements.However,it also results in temperature rises owing to heat generation by electromagnetic power losses degrading the electromagnetic performance and affecting machine performance.In this study,a segmented permanent magnet(SPM)consequent pole FSM(SPM-CPFSM)is developed,which provides a stator cooling channel(duct)for improved heat dissipation to avoid demagnetization of PM as well as overheating.Furthermore,this study investigates detailed electromagnetic performance analysis and prediction of temperature variation in various machine parts owing to the heat generated by iron,copper,and magnet eddy current losses utilizing coupled electromagnetic-thermal analysis accounting for magnetic flux density variation.In comparison with the 2D analysis,the developed 3D coupled-field analysis more accurately predicts electromagnetic performance and temperature distribution.Analysis reveals that a cooling duct at the stator significantly assists in stator heat dissipation in the axial direction ensuring a safe operating condition of the PMs as well as machine parts to avoid overheating.
