Calotropisprocera(Cp)is a traditional medicinal plant that has attracted significant attention for its potential anticancer properties.This review consolidates current research on the Cp bioactive compounds found in C...Calotropisprocera(Cp)is a traditional medicinal plant that has attracted significant attention for its potential anticancer properties.This review consolidates current research on the Cp bioactive compounds found in Cp,including cardenolides,flavonoids,and terpenoids,which exhibit cytotoxic effects against various cancer cells.These compounds function through multiple mechanisms,such as inducing apoptosis,inhibiting cell proliferation,suppressing angiogenesis,and modulating oxidative stress.Preclinical studies demonstrate that Cp extracts effectively reduce tumor size and improve survival rates in animal models.Furthermore,Cp influences key signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt and NF-κB,which contribute to its anticancer potential.Its therapeutic effects extend beyond oncology,encompassing,antinociceptive,anticonvulsant,antimalarial,anthelmintic,antioxidant,antidiabetic,myocardial infarction prevention,schizontocidal,antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,larvicidal,immunomodulatory,antiulcer,Antifertility,antidiarrheal,estrogenic,and Dermatophytic properties.Despite the promising preclinical data,further investigation is necessary to address challenges such as bioavailability,toxicity,and the standardization of Cp-based treatments.This review highlights the therapeutic promise of Cp as a complementary anticancer agent while emphasizing the need for rigorous clinical trials to confirm its safety and efficacy.展开更多
Remarkable attention has been directed to Prussian blue(PB) and its analogues(PBA) as one of the most widely used metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) especially in the field of energy storage devices due to their fabulous ...Remarkable attention has been directed to Prussian blue(PB) and its analogues(PBA) as one of the most widely used metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) especially in the field of energy storage devices due to their fabulous features such as 3D open framework, high surface area, controllable distribution of pores and the low cost. Nevertheless, their depressed conductivity causes some insulation when being used as an electrode for supercapacitors leading to be restricted in further applications particularly the electronics. To the best of our knowledge, our review aimed primarily to give a total picture of the research that was done on utilizing PB and PBA for fabricating the electrodes of supercapacitor, studying their synthesis approaches in addition to the hybridization with other materials such as graphene, CNTs and conducting polymer. It also addresses the transformation of PB or PBA into other interesting nanostructures such as oxides, sulfides, and bicomponent of graphitic carbon nitride/metal oxides, as well. Furthermore,It exhibits various avenues for overcoming their disadvantages of bad cycle life, retention rate and not achieving the desired values of energy/power densities opening the door for enlarging the number of researches on their application as supercapacitors.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigated the laxative,anti-diarrheal,hepatoprotective and diuretic activity of Sterculia diversifolia and its isolated compounds.METHODS:The laxative activity was studied by counting wet stools while ...OBJECTIVE:To investigated the laxative,anti-diarrheal,hepatoprotective and diuretic activity of Sterculia diversifolia and its isolated compounds.METHODS:The laxative activity was studied by counting wet stools while anti-diarrheal activity was performed by measuring gastrointestinal tract motility.Hepatoprotective activity was studied by biochemical and histo-pathological analysis while diuretic activity was performed by urine collection protocol.RESULTS:Doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg of crude methanolic extract of Sterculia diversifolia(MESD)stem bark and leaves,significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01)produced wet feces in subjects pretreated with atropine while 8-hydroxyquercetin and dihydroquercetin showed highly significant(P<0.001)results by increasing fecal weight and water contents without producing diarrhea.MESD stem bark and leaves also dose-dependently lowered diar-rhea while 8-hydroxyquercetin and dihydroquercetin showed highly significant(P<0.001)results by producing shaped stools in mice.MESD,8-hydroxyquercetin and dihydroquercetin offered significant protection against histopathological changes in the liver.Diuretic activity of Crude MESD stem bark and leaves extracts shows highly significant diuretic effect while dihydroquercetin showed better results than 8-hydroxyquercetin.CONCLUSION:It is concluded that Sterculia diversifolia and its isolated compounds bears laxative,anti-diarrheal,hepatoprotective and diuretic effects.展开更多
In this article,the rheology of Ferro-fluid over an axisymmetric heated disc with a variable magnetic field by considering the dispersion of hybrid nanoparticles is considered.The flow is assumed to be produced by the...In this article,the rheology of Ferro-fluid over an axisymmetric heated disc with a variable magnetic field by considering the dispersion of hybrid nanoparticles is considered.The flow is assumed to be produced by the stretching of a rotating heated disc.The contribution of variable thermophysical properties is taken to explore themomentum,mass and thermal transportation.The concept of boundary layermechanismis engaged to reduce the complex problem into a simpler one in the form of coupled partial differential equations system.The complex coupled PDEs are converted into highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations system(ODEs)and the resulting nonlinear flow problem is handled numerically.The solution is obtained via finite element procedure(FEP)and convergence is established by conducting the grid-independent survey.The solution of converted dimensionless problem containing fluid velocity,temperature and concentration field is plotted against numerous involved emerging parameters and their impact is noted.From the obtained solution,it is monitored that higher values of magnetic parameter retard the fluid flow and escalating values of Eckert number results in to enhance temperature profile.Ferro-fluid flow and heat energy for the case of the Yamada Ota hybrid model are higher than for the case of the Hamilton Crosser hybrid model.Developing a model is applicable to the printing process,electronic devices,temperature measurements,engineering process and food-making process.The amount of mass species is reduced vs.incline impacts of chemical reaction and Schmidt parameter.展开更多
The mechanism of viscous heating of a Newtonian fluid filled inside a cavity under the effect of an external applied force on the top lid is evaluated numerically in this exploration.The investigation is carried out b...The mechanism of viscous heating of a Newtonian fluid filled inside a cavity under the effect of an external applied force on the top lid is evaluated numerically in this exploration.The investigation is carried out by assuming a two-dimensional laminar in-compressible fluid flow subject to Neumann boundary conditions throughout the numerical iterations in a transient analysis.All the walls of the square cavity are perfectly insulated and the top moving lid produces a constant finite heat flux even though the fluid flow attains the steady-state condition.The objective is to examine the effects of viscous heating in the fully insulated lid-driven cavity under no-slip and free-slip Neumann boundary conditions coupled with variations in Reynolds and Prandtl numbers.The partial differential equations of time-dependent vorticity-stream function and thermal energy are discretized and solved using a self-developed finite difference code in MATLAB®environment.Time dependence of fluid thermodynamics is envisaged through contour and image plots.A commercial simulation software,Ansys Fluent®utilizing a finite element code is employed to verify the finite difference results produced.Although the effect of viscous heating is very minimal,Neumann no-slip and free-slip boundary conditions are able to trap the heat inside the fully insulated cavity as the heat flux is constantly supplied at the top lid.A lower Reynolds number and a greater Prandtl number with free-slip effects reduce temperature distribution in the cavity with a faster velocity than in the no-slip condition as the free-slip behaves as a lubricant.展开更多
Non-superimposable mirror image crystals of both enantiomers（S/R） of cyclicγ-alkenyl alcohol（2） have been recognized and remarkably identified by the naked eye.More interestingly,both crystals are an outcome of m...Non-superimposable mirror image crystals of both enantiomers（S/R） of cyclicγ-alkenyl alcohol（2） have been recognized and remarkably identified by the naked eye.More interestingly,both crystals are an outcome of most astonishingly H-bond and intermolecularσ/π-πinteractions.They accounted for the relatively rare and less predictable spontaneous resolution with optical purity 〉99%ee from the racemic mixture.The chiral discrimination mechanism of this spontaneous resolution has also been proposed.展开更多
The major concern of proffered study based on the inquisitive analysis of entropy approach based on 3-D Prandtl fluid influenced by modified advanced heat conduction along with mass diffusion models.Moreover,influence...The major concern of proffered study based on the inquisitive analysis of entropy approach based on 3-D Prandtl fluid influenced by modified advanced heat conduction along with mass diffusion models.Moreover,influence of Hall and also slip forces and heat transmission characteristics are featured under the combined outcomes appertaining to radiations and viscous dissipation are taken into account in this investigation.This article also examined the combined impacts of thermal conductivity change together with variable mass diffusion co-efficient within the heat and mass transport in the occurrence of Prandtl fluid.Flow demeanor is examined across the bidirectional extendable sheet.Numerical simulations based on 3-D flow configured by extending surface are carried out by using OHAM.Simulated PDEs expressed as ODEs with the utilization of dimensionless variables.Simulated outcomes are validated graphically obtained by varying values of emerging constraints through previous published results and seen in desirable agreement.The influence of distinct parameters associated with this current study like Brownian and diffusion constraint,temperature and also concentration difference,Eckert number,Hall as well as ion slip parameters,Brinkman number,magnetic constraint,radiation and Prandtl fluid constraint are sketched for temperature,velocity field along xy-axes,concentration and entropy generation rate.It is noticed that velocity distribution along x-axes is an increasing function of magnetic constraint,Prandtl fluid and also elastic constraint whilst contrast impact is seen along y-axes.Moreover,temperature as well as concentration profile decays for Prandtl number,thermal and also concentration relaxation time constraint respectively whereas both profiles enhanced for distinct considered parameters.Entropy declines for ion-slip parameter whilst enhanced for Bejan number.Entropy behavior as well as Bejan number effect under various parameters is sketched graphically and enhanced behavior is depicted for entropy for considered constraint whilst Bejan number enhanced for diffusion parameter and also concentration difference constraint whereas declined behavior demonstrated for other considered parameters.The innovative component in the current study lies in the integration of multiple factors towards the Prandtl fluid model framework,forcing its boundaries beyond widespread conventional applications.Extending the Prandtl fluid model in 3D allows more comprehensive demonstration of the under consideration physical system.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Aquatic invertebrates are playing an important role in assessment of the water contaminants and also serve as a major component of food chain. Freshwater mussels are considered to be the good bioindicator...BACKGROUND： Aquatic invertebrates are playing an important role in assessment of the water contaminants and also serve as a major component of food chain. Freshwater mussels are considered to be the good bioindicator species of aquatic environment and widely used to determine the metals load. METHODS： Proximate composition and elemental analysis were carried out in edible （foot, mantle） and non-edible portion （gills） of freshwater mussels （Anodonta anatina） harvested from various site of Chashma Lake, River Indus Pakistan. RESULTS： The nutritional components were varied among the studied portion and muscular foot found to be the best part for consumption. Protein and fat contents were significantly higher in foot （15.90±0.88%, 1.19 ±0.26%） as compared to mantle （10.78±2.24%, 0.27±0.09%） and gills （6.44± 1.22%, 0.53 4-0.15%） respectively. For the macro minerals mantle had high concentration of Ca （46838±984 mg/kg）, Na （2706±343 mg/kg）, P （6921± 1063 mg/kg） and Mn （7207± 1046 mg/kg） as compared to foot. CONCLUSIONS： Heavy metals （Cd, Cu, Cr） concentration in edible portions were lower than the permissible limit by WHO whereas the concentration of Pb was slightly higher than the recommended value that might be the risk for the consumers. Being filter feeder gills accumulated the high concentration of all the metals and found to be the key portion for biomonitoring studies. Freshwater mussels of Chashma Lake Indus River are the rich source of protein and all the other micro and macro minerals therefore could be used as an excellent source of food.展开更多
基金this manuscript sincerely acknowledge Central South University for their support through the postdoctoral research initiation grant(164990011).
文摘Calotropisprocera(Cp)is a traditional medicinal plant that has attracted significant attention for its potential anticancer properties.This review consolidates current research on the Cp bioactive compounds found in Cp,including cardenolides,flavonoids,and terpenoids,which exhibit cytotoxic effects against various cancer cells.These compounds function through multiple mechanisms,such as inducing apoptosis,inhibiting cell proliferation,suppressing angiogenesis,and modulating oxidative stress.Preclinical studies demonstrate that Cp extracts effectively reduce tumor size and improve survival rates in animal models.Furthermore,Cp influences key signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt and NF-κB,which contribute to its anticancer potential.Its therapeutic effects extend beyond oncology,encompassing,antinociceptive,anticonvulsant,antimalarial,anthelmintic,antioxidant,antidiabetic,myocardial infarction prevention,schizontocidal,antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,larvicidal,immunomodulatory,antiulcer,Antifertility,antidiarrheal,estrogenic,and Dermatophytic properties.Despite the promising preclinical data,further investigation is necessary to address challenges such as bioavailability,toxicity,and the standardization of Cp-based treatments.This review highlights the therapeutic promise of Cp as a complementary anticancer agent while emphasizing the need for rigorous clinical trials to confirm its safety and efficacy.
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(MEST)(NRF2019R1I1A3A01063833)Korea Environment Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)through Technology Development Program for Environmental Industry Advancement funded by Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)(RE201805141)+1 种基金the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(NRF-2019R1A2C1006677)Hannam University research fund in 2019。
文摘Remarkable attention has been directed to Prussian blue(PB) and its analogues(PBA) as one of the most widely used metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) especially in the field of energy storage devices due to their fabulous features such as 3D open framework, high surface area, controllable distribution of pores and the low cost. Nevertheless, their depressed conductivity causes some insulation when being used as an electrode for supercapacitors leading to be restricted in further applications particularly the electronics. To the best of our knowledge, our review aimed primarily to give a total picture of the research that was done on utilizing PB and PBA for fabricating the electrodes of supercapacitor, studying their synthesis approaches in addition to the hybridization with other materials such as graphene, CNTs and conducting polymer. It also addresses the transformation of PB or PBA into other interesting nanostructures such as oxides, sulfides, and bicomponent of graphitic carbon nitride/metal oxides, as well. Furthermore,It exhibits various avenues for overcoming their disadvantages of bad cycle life, retention rate and not achieving the desired values of energy/power densities opening the door for enlarging the number of researches on their application as supercapacitors.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigated the laxative,anti-diarrheal,hepatoprotective and diuretic activity of Sterculia diversifolia and its isolated compounds.METHODS:The laxative activity was studied by counting wet stools while anti-diarrheal activity was performed by measuring gastrointestinal tract motility.Hepatoprotective activity was studied by biochemical and histo-pathological analysis while diuretic activity was performed by urine collection protocol.RESULTS:Doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg of crude methanolic extract of Sterculia diversifolia(MESD)stem bark and leaves,significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01)produced wet feces in subjects pretreated with atropine while 8-hydroxyquercetin and dihydroquercetin showed highly significant(P<0.001)results by increasing fecal weight and water contents without producing diarrhea.MESD stem bark and leaves also dose-dependently lowered diar-rhea while 8-hydroxyquercetin and dihydroquercetin showed highly significant(P<0.001)results by producing shaped stools in mice.MESD,8-hydroxyquercetin and dihydroquercetin offered significant protection against histopathological changes in the liver.Diuretic activity of Crude MESD stem bark and leaves extracts shows highly significant diuretic effect while dihydroquercetin showed better results than 8-hydroxyquercetin.CONCLUSION:It is concluded that Sterculia diversifolia and its isolated compounds bears laxative,anti-diarrheal,hepatoprotective and diuretic effects.
文摘In this article,the rheology of Ferro-fluid over an axisymmetric heated disc with a variable magnetic field by considering the dispersion of hybrid nanoparticles is considered.The flow is assumed to be produced by the stretching of a rotating heated disc.The contribution of variable thermophysical properties is taken to explore themomentum,mass and thermal transportation.The concept of boundary layermechanismis engaged to reduce the complex problem into a simpler one in the form of coupled partial differential equations system.The complex coupled PDEs are converted into highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations system(ODEs)and the resulting nonlinear flow problem is handled numerically.The solution is obtained via finite element procedure(FEP)and convergence is established by conducting the grid-independent survey.The solution of converted dimensionless problem containing fluid velocity,temperature and concentration field is plotted against numerous involved emerging parameters and their impact is noted.From the obtained solution,it is monitored that higher values of magnetic parameter retard the fluid flow and escalating values of Eckert number results in to enhance temperature profile.Ferro-fluid flow and heat energy for the case of the Yamada Ota hybrid model are higher than for the case of the Hamilton Crosser hybrid model.Developing a model is applicable to the printing process,electronic devices,temperature measurements,engineering process and food-making process.The amount of mass species is reduced vs.incline impacts of chemical reaction and Schmidt parameter.
基金funding received from the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia and University of Malaya(https://umresearch.um.edu.my/)under the Project No:IIRG006C-19IISS leaded by Z.Siri for this study。
文摘The mechanism of viscous heating of a Newtonian fluid filled inside a cavity under the effect of an external applied force on the top lid is evaluated numerically in this exploration.The investigation is carried out by assuming a two-dimensional laminar in-compressible fluid flow subject to Neumann boundary conditions throughout the numerical iterations in a transient analysis.All the walls of the square cavity are perfectly insulated and the top moving lid produces a constant finite heat flux even though the fluid flow attains the steady-state condition.The objective is to examine the effects of viscous heating in the fully insulated lid-driven cavity under no-slip and free-slip Neumann boundary conditions coupled with variations in Reynolds and Prandtl numbers.The partial differential equations of time-dependent vorticity-stream function and thermal energy are discretized and solved using a self-developed finite difference code in MATLAB®environment.Time dependence of fluid thermodynamics is envisaged through contour and image plots.A commercial simulation software,Ansys Fluent®utilizing a finite element code is employed to verify the finite difference results produced.Although the effect of viscous heating is very minimal,Neumann no-slip and free-slip boundary conditions are able to trap the heat inside the fully insulated cavity as the heat flux is constantly supplied at the top lid.A lower Reynolds number and a greater Prandtl number with free-slip effects reduce temperature distribution in the cavity with a faster velocity than in the no-slip condition as the free-slip behaves as a lubricant.
基金Financial support from Beijing Institute of Technology(No. 2011CX01008 and others)partially from NSFC(No.20972016)Chinese Scholarship Council(M.Sohail)
文摘Non-superimposable mirror image crystals of both enantiomers（S/R） of cyclicγ-alkenyl alcohol（2） have been recognized and remarkably identified by the naked eye.More interestingly,both crystals are an outcome of most astonishingly H-bond and intermolecularσ/π-πinteractions.They accounted for the relatively rare and less predictable spontaneous resolution with optical purity 〉99%ee from the racemic mixture.The chiral discrimination mechanism of this spontaneous resolution has also been proposed.
文摘The major concern of proffered study based on the inquisitive analysis of entropy approach based on 3-D Prandtl fluid influenced by modified advanced heat conduction along with mass diffusion models.Moreover,influence of Hall and also slip forces and heat transmission characteristics are featured under the combined outcomes appertaining to radiations and viscous dissipation are taken into account in this investigation.This article also examined the combined impacts of thermal conductivity change together with variable mass diffusion co-efficient within the heat and mass transport in the occurrence of Prandtl fluid.Flow demeanor is examined across the bidirectional extendable sheet.Numerical simulations based on 3-D flow configured by extending surface are carried out by using OHAM.Simulated PDEs expressed as ODEs with the utilization of dimensionless variables.Simulated outcomes are validated graphically obtained by varying values of emerging constraints through previous published results and seen in desirable agreement.The influence of distinct parameters associated with this current study like Brownian and diffusion constraint,temperature and also concentration difference,Eckert number,Hall as well as ion slip parameters,Brinkman number,magnetic constraint,radiation and Prandtl fluid constraint are sketched for temperature,velocity field along xy-axes,concentration and entropy generation rate.It is noticed that velocity distribution along x-axes is an increasing function of magnetic constraint,Prandtl fluid and also elastic constraint whilst contrast impact is seen along y-axes.Moreover,temperature as well as concentration profile decays for Prandtl number,thermal and also concentration relaxation time constraint respectively whereas both profiles enhanced for distinct considered parameters.Entropy declines for ion-slip parameter whilst enhanced for Bejan number.Entropy behavior as well as Bejan number effect under various parameters is sketched graphically and enhanced behavior is depicted for entropy for considered constraint whilst Bejan number enhanced for diffusion parameter and also concentration difference constraint whereas declined behavior demonstrated for other considered parameters.The innovative component in the current study lies in the integration of multiple factors towards the Prandtl fluid model framework,forcing its boundaries beyond widespread conventional applications.Extending the Prandtl fluid model in 3D allows more comprehensive demonstration of the under consideration physical system.
文摘BACKGROUND： Aquatic invertebrates are playing an important role in assessment of the water contaminants and also serve as a major component of food chain. Freshwater mussels are considered to be the good bioindicator species of aquatic environment and widely used to determine the metals load. METHODS： Proximate composition and elemental analysis were carried out in edible （foot, mantle） and non-edible portion （gills） of freshwater mussels （Anodonta anatina） harvested from various site of Chashma Lake, River Indus Pakistan. RESULTS： The nutritional components were varied among the studied portion and muscular foot found to be the best part for consumption. Protein and fat contents were significantly higher in foot （15.90±0.88%, 1.19 ±0.26%） as compared to mantle （10.78±2.24%, 0.27±0.09%） and gills （6.44± 1.22%, 0.53 4-0.15%） respectively. For the macro minerals mantle had high concentration of Ca （46838±984 mg/kg）, Na （2706±343 mg/kg）, P （6921± 1063 mg/kg） and Mn （7207± 1046 mg/kg） as compared to foot. CONCLUSIONS： Heavy metals （Cd, Cu, Cr） concentration in edible portions were lower than the permissible limit by WHO whereas the concentration of Pb was slightly higher than the recommended value that might be the risk for the consumers. Being filter feeder gills accumulated the high concentration of all the metals and found to be the key portion for biomonitoring studies. Freshwater mussels of Chashma Lake Indus River are the rich source of protein and all the other micro and macro minerals therefore could be used as an excellent source of food.
