Objective:To assess the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia indica leaves on carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided i...Objective:To assess the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia indica leaves on carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups:the normal control,the CCl_(4)group,the CCl_(4)group treated with silymarin(200 mg/kg)or Lagerstroemia indica extract(200 and 400 mg/kg).Oxidative stress,inflammatory,and apoptotic markers,as well as liver enzymes were analyzed.Histopathological studies were performed to examine the effect of the plant extract on liver structure.In addition,quantitative RT-PCR analysis was carried out to determine Nrf2,Keap1,HMOX1,and NQO1 expression.Results:Lagerstroemia indica extract significantly improved liver function by reducing aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and bilirubin levels.It also enhanced the activities of catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase,increased glutathione content,and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde,nuclear factor kappa-B,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,cyclooxygenase-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9.In addition,the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2,Keap1,HMOX1,and NQO1 were markedly downregulated by treatment with Lagerstroemia indica extracts.Histopathological examination revealed the extract confered protection against CCl_(4)-induced liver damage as evidenced by reduced sinusoidal dilatation,thinner fibrotic septa,decreased vacuolar degeneration,and improved hepatic cord organization.Conclusions:Lagerstroemia indica extract possesses hepatoprotective activity by modulating the Nrf2-Keap1-HMOX1-NQO1 signaling pathway in a rat model of CCl_(4)-induced liver damage.展开更多
In this manuscript,the notion of a hesitant fuzzy soft fixed point is introduced.Using this notion and the concept of Suzuki-type(μ,ν)-weak contraction for hesitant fuzzy soft set valued-mapping,some fixed point res...In this manuscript,the notion of a hesitant fuzzy soft fixed point is introduced.Using this notion and the concept of Suzuki-type(μ,ν)-weak contraction for hesitant fuzzy soft set valued-mapping,some fixed point results are established in the framework of metric spaces.Based on the presented work,some examples reflecting decision-making problems related to real life are also solved.The suggested method’s flexibility and efficacy compared to conventional techniques are demonstrated in decision-making situations involving uncertainty,such as choosing the best options in multi-criteria settings.We noted that the presented work combines and generalizes two major concepts,the idea of soft sets and hesitant fuzzy set-valued mapping from the existing literature.展开更多
Increase uric acid levels have been found in oxidative stress. Urate radicals do not react with oxygen to form another peroxy radical, thus increasing the efficacy of uric acid as an antioxidant. Therefore, this study...Increase uric acid levels have been found in oxidative stress. Urate radicals do not react with oxygen to form another peroxy radical, thus increasing the efficacy of uric acid as an antioxidant. Therefore, this study is designed to measure the level of uric acids and find out the relationship of uric acid with superoxide dismutase in induced hyperuricemic model. Forty male albino rats with an average weight of 180 ± 2 g were selected. The rats were grouped. The animals were fed on standard diet and given tap water ad libitum until treatment. Albino rats were divided into four groups. Group A(10)-control given only standard diet, group B(10) fed on 60% fructose with standard diet , group C(10) fed on fructose, standard diet and intraperitonially oxonic acid 250 mg/kg and group D (10) only on injection intraperotonially oxonic acid 250 mg/kg. At the end of study 10 mL of blood was drawn from heart of rats. Then blood was estimated for superoxide dismutase and uric acids done by kit methods randox-manual/Rx monza UA230/UA 233. Results: In Group C superoxide dismutase was found to be 32 % (244 mg/dL ± 2.23) more than control. In the same group the uric acid concentration was highly significantly correlated with control. Conclusion: The uric acid concentration increases when we take fructose up to 60% in our diet. It also increases superoxide dismutase concentration. More than this value may have inverse effect on the uric acid level and its role as an antioxidant may become inversed.展开更多
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the low phosphorus diets supplemented with different sources of phytase in low metabolizable energy （ME） and crude protein （CP） diets in broilers. Four levels of non-phytat...The experiment was conducted to evaluate the low phosphorus diets supplemented with different sources of phytase in low metabolizable energy （ME） and crude protein （CP） diets in broilers. Four levels of non-phytate phosphorus （NPP） （0.33%, 0.36%, 0.39% and 0.42% of the diet） were employed in six dietary treatments in such a way that the least level of NPP （0.33%） was supplemented with two phytase enzymes namely 6-phytase （Natuphos-5,000） and 3-phytase （Sunphase） along with low nutrient composition viz. 2750 kcal ME/kg and CP 18% in growing phase （21 d-42 d）. A total of 1,400 birds were exposed to six treatments in three replicates except for the phytase supplemented diets which were replicated four times each. Non-significant results are obtained from all performance parameters （body weight gain, feed intake and feed gain） and serum minerals （calcium and phosphorus） between 21 days to 42 days. Non-significant results are seen among all treatments; even supplementation of both types of enzymes did not affect the overall results. The results of the present study demonstrate 0.33% P level without phytase are sufficient in low ME and CP diets.展开更多
For meeting the increased demand of electrical power,distributed generation(DG)based on renewable energy resources(RERs),has become a potential alternative to large plants based on fossil fuels.The power from environm...For meeting the increased demand of electrical power,distributed generation(DG)based on renewable energy resources(RERs),has become a potential alternative to large plants based on fossil fuels.The power from environmentally friendly RERs is available at a competitive price due to technological advancements in recent times.Moreover,optimal allocation of DG at the distribution network(DN)level may result in power loss reduction,improvement in voltage profile and the network’s overall reliability.However,integration of DG may increase the short circuit(SC)level beyond the capacity of the protection gear,conductors,transformers and other components of a DN.The high short circuit currents(SCCs)may be reduced by application of a fault current limiter(FCL).However,most of the existing literature proposes optimization of FCLs size by considering only normal configurations of a DN.This approach is inappropriate as it may fail to produce the desired reduction in SCCs in different N−1 contingency scenarios.In this paper,a new strategy is presented that considers both normal as well as various contingency situations for optimal allocation of FCLs in a DN with DG connection.The strategy is implemented in the IEEE 30-bus system in a MATLAB environment using a genetic algorithm(GA).The simulation results prove that the proposed strategy is effective in determining the optimal FCLs size that restricts the SCCs to a safe level in different operating conditions including N−1 contingencies and thus,improves network safety and reliability.The strategy described in the paper can play an important role in DN planning involving optimal application of DG and FCLs.展开更多
文摘Objective:To assess the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia indica leaves on carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups:the normal control,the CCl_(4)group,the CCl_(4)group treated with silymarin(200 mg/kg)or Lagerstroemia indica extract(200 and 400 mg/kg).Oxidative stress,inflammatory,and apoptotic markers,as well as liver enzymes were analyzed.Histopathological studies were performed to examine the effect of the plant extract on liver structure.In addition,quantitative RT-PCR analysis was carried out to determine Nrf2,Keap1,HMOX1,and NQO1 expression.Results:Lagerstroemia indica extract significantly improved liver function by reducing aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and bilirubin levels.It also enhanced the activities of catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase,increased glutathione content,and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde,nuclear factor kappa-B,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,cyclooxygenase-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9.In addition,the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2,Keap1,HMOX1,and NQO1 were markedly downregulated by treatment with Lagerstroemia indica extracts.Histopathological examination revealed the extract confered protection against CCl_(4)-induced liver damage as evidenced by reduced sinusoidal dilatation,thinner fibrotic septa,decreased vacuolar degeneration,and improved hepatic cord organization.Conclusions:Lagerstroemia indica extract possesses hepatoprotective activity by modulating the Nrf2-Keap1-HMOX1-NQO1 signaling pathway in a rat model of CCl_(4)-induced liver damage.
基金funded by National Science,Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok with Contract No.KMUTNB-FF-68-B-46.
文摘In this manuscript,the notion of a hesitant fuzzy soft fixed point is introduced.Using this notion and the concept of Suzuki-type(μ,ν)-weak contraction for hesitant fuzzy soft set valued-mapping,some fixed point results are established in the framework of metric spaces.Based on the presented work,some examples reflecting decision-making problems related to real life are also solved.The suggested method’s flexibility and efficacy compared to conventional techniques are demonstrated in decision-making situations involving uncertainty,such as choosing the best options in multi-criteria settings.We noted that the presented work combines and generalizes two major concepts,the idea of soft sets and hesitant fuzzy set-valued mapping from the existing literature.
文摘Increase uric acid levels have been found in oxidative stress. Urate radicals do not react with oxygen to form another peroxy radical, thus increasing the efficacy of uric acid as an antioxidant. Therefore, this study is designed to measure the level of uric acids and find out the relationship of uric acid with superoxide dismutase in induced hyperuricemic model. Forty male albino rats with an average weight of 180 ± 2 g were selected. The rats were grouped. The animals were fed on standard diet and given tap water ad libitum until treatment. Albino rats were divided into four groups. Group A(10)-control given only standard diet, group B(10) fed on 60% fructose with standard diet , group C(10) fed on fructose, standard diet and intraperitonially oxonic acid 250 mg/kg and group D (10) only on injection intraperotonially oxonic acid 250 mg/kg. At the end of study 10 mL of blood was drawn from heart of rats. Then blood was estimated for superoxide dismutase and uric acids done by kit methods randox-manual/Rx monza UA230/UA 233. Results: In Group C superoxide dismutase was found to be 32 % (244 mg/dL ± 2.23) more than control. In the same group the uric acid concentration was highly significantly correlated with control. Conclusion: The uric acid concentration increases when we take fructose up to 60% in our diet. It also increases superoxide dismutase concentration. More than this value may have inverse effect on the uric acid level and its role as an antioxidant may become inversed.
文摘The experiment was conducted to evaluate the low phosphorus diets supplemented with different sources of phytase in low metabolizable energy （ME） and crude protein （CP） diets in broilers. Four levels of non-phytate phosphorus （NPP） （0.33%, 0.36%, 0.39% and 0.42% of the diet） were employed in six dietary treatments in such a way that the least level of NPP （0.33%） was supplemented with two phytase enzymes namely 6-phytase （Natuphos-5,000） and 3-phytase （Sunphase） along with low nutrient composition viz. 2750 kcal ME/kg and CP 18% in growing phase （21 d-42 d）. A total of 1,400 birds were exposed to six treatments in three replicates except for the phytase supplemented diets which were replicated four times each. Non-significant results are obtained from all performance parameters （body weight gain, feed intake and feed gain） and serum minerals （calcium and phosphorus） between 21 days to 42 days. Non-significant results are seen among all treatments; even supplementation of both types of enzymes did not affect the overall results. The results of the present study demonstrate 0.33% P level without phytase are sufficient in low ME and CP diets.
文摘For meeting the increased demand of electrical power,distributed generation(DG)based on renewable energy resources(RERs),has become a potential alternative to large plants based on fossil fuels.The power from environmentally friendly RERs is available at a competitive price due to technological advancements in recent times.Moreover,optimal allocation of DG at the distribution network(DN)level may result in power loss reduction,improvement in voltage profile and the network’s overall reliability.However,integration of DG may increase the short circuit(SC)level beyond the capacity of the protection gear,conductors,transformers and other components of a DN.The high short circuit currents(SCCs)may be reduced by application of a fault current limiter(FCL).However,most of the existing literature proposes optimization of FCLs size by considering only normal configurations of a DN.This approach is inappropriate as it may fail to produce the desired reduction in SCCs in different N−1 contingency scenarios.In this paper,a new strategy is presented that considers both normal as well as various contingency situations for optimal allocation of FCLs in a DN with DG connection.The strategy is implemented in the IEEE 30-bus system in a MATLAB environment using a genetic algorithm(GA).The simulation results prove that the proposed strategy is effective in determining the optimal FCLs size that restricts the SCCs to a safe level in different operating conditions including N−1 contingencies and thus,improves network safety and reliability.The strategy described in the paper can play an important role in DN planning involving optimal application of DG and FCLs.
