Metalloid arsenic(As)is not a necessary element for plants,but its excessive accumulation is toxic to plants,and it also poses a great health risk to humans via the food chain.Plants absorb and metabolize As through a...Metalloid arsenic(As)is not a necessary element for plants,but its excessive accumulation is toxic to plants,and it also poses a great health risk to humans via the food chain.Plants absorb and metabolize As through a variety of processes.Arsenate in the form of As^(5+)is absorbed by phosphate transporters,but methylated As and As^(3+)enter plant tissues mainly through aquaporin channels.Various strategies and practices have been proposed and applied to alleviate As toxicity or reduce As accumulation in plants,but an efficient and environment-friendly approach has yet to be developed.This review comprehensively explores As sources and uptake mechanisms,as well as the interactions of phosphorus(P)and As in their uptake,transportation and influences on plant growth and physiological activities.This comprehensive review covers the transport,metabolism,and tolerance processes that plants exhibit in response to As stress and the addition of P.In addition,we also present recent advances in reducing As toxicity and accumulation by improving P nutrition,manipulating P transporter genes and optimizing the plant microbial community.Finally,the future research directions and main challenges are briefly discussed.展开更多
Current investigation deals with the effect of grain growth process as a function of sintering temperature on the electromagnetic properties （initial permeability, impedance, and gain） of Mn-Zn ferrite （MZF） cores...Current investigation deals with the effect of grain growth process as a function of sintering temperature on the electromagnetic properties （initial permeability, impedance, and gain） of Mn-Zn ferrite （MZF） cores （toroids）. By employing auto combustion process, nanosized [（20 ± 5） nm] MZF powders were synthesized and toroid shape cores were obtained after subsequent calcination and firing （sintering） process. It was observed that the submicron structure （0.5 μm） achieved in the ferrite core sintered at 1,000 ℃ was gradually transformed into micron size grains by increasing the firing temperature i.e., 1,100, 1,200, and 1,350 ℃. The results reveal that MZF core sintered at low temperature （1,000 ℃） showed high impedance, low initial permeability, and narrow working frequency range i.e., 3-15 MHz. However, the improvement in initial permeability, sintered density, and operational frequency range （100 kHz-17 MHz） was observed at high temperature （1,350 ℃） firing in the inert environment. This synthesized MZF core is more suitable for miniaturized switch mode power supply applications.展开更多
Background:Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a global health crisis requiring a One Health approach to integrate surveillance across sectors,particularly in water sources,to control its spread.Considering socioeconomic ...Background:Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a global health crisis requiring a One Health approach to integrate surveillance across sectors,particularly in water sources,to control its spread.Considering socioeconomic and environmental factors,this study explored Escherichia coli and AMR patterns in water using a One Health approach.Methodology:This crosssectional study assessed E.coli and AMR in drinking and sewerage water across three districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan.Multi-stage random sampling yielded 840 water sam-ples from 420 households,along with socio-demographic and AMR awareness data.Microbiological analyses identified E.coli,CRE,and ESBL.The resistance profiles were determined using the disk diffusion method,and the association between socio-demographics and awareness was analyzed.Results:The prevalence of E.coli in drinking water was 44%,with 40%ESBL,21%CRE,and 15%cooccurrence of ESBL and CRE.Swat had the highest E.coli prevalence in sewerage(78%)and drinking water(58%),while Bannu had the highest ESBL levels.Tetracycline resistance was widespread(78%sewerage and 69%drinking water).The MAR index showed that 20.5%of the isolates were resistant to six antibiotics,varying by district.Location influenced the contamination level(p=0.002).Access to health(OR=0.497),veterinary services(OR=0.881),and frequent medical advice(OR=1.557)lowered E.coli contamination.Education(p=0.002)and locality(p<0.001)affected AMR knowledge.Animal area cleaning was significantly correlated with AMR awareness.Conclusion:High E.coli and AMR levels in water pose public health risks because they are driven by poor sanitation,limited water access,and low awareness.Better water management,awareness,and antimicrobial control are essential to mitigate AMR spread.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector.Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent location for^8B solar neut...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector.Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent location for^8B solar neutrino measurements,such as its low-energy threshold,high energy resolution compared with water Cherenkov detectors,and much larger target mass compared with previous liquid scintillator detectors.In this paper,we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting^8B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process.A reduced 2 MeV threshold for the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable,assuming that the intrinsic radioactive background^(238)U and^(232)Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10^(-17)g/g.With ten years of data acquisition,approximately 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected.This large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in the dense solar matter,which will shed new light on the inconsistency between the measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework.IfDelta m^(2)_(21)=4.8times10^(-5);(7.5times10^(-5))eV^(2),JUNO can provide evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at approximately the 3sigma(2sigma)level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation with respect to the solar zenith angle.Moreover,JUNO can simultaneously measureDelta m^2_(21)using^8B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20% or better,depending on the central value,and to sub-percent precision using reactor antineutrinos.A comparison of these two measurements from the same detector will help understand the current mild inconsistency between the value of Delta m^2_(21)reported by solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,China(2021C02064-3)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,China。
文摘Metalloid arsenic(As)is not a necessary element for plants,but its excessive accumulation is toxic to plants,and it also poses a great health risk to humans via the food chain.Plants absorb and metabolize As through a variety of processes.Arsenate in the form of As^(5+)is absorbed by phosphate transporters,but methylated As and As^(3+)enter plant tissues mainly through aquaporin channels.Various strategies and practices have been proposed and applied to alleviate As toxicity or reduce As accumulation in plants,but an efficient and environment-friendly approach has yet to be developed.This review comprehensively explores As sources and uptake mechanisms,as well as the interactions of phosphorus(P)and As in their uptake,transportation and influences on plant growth and physiological activities.This comprehensive review covers the transport,metabolism,and tolerance processes that plants exhibit in response to As stress and the addition of P.In addition,we also present recent advances in reducing As toxicity and accumulation by improving P nutrition,manipulating P transporter genes and optimizing the plant microbial community.Finally,the future research directions and main challenges are briefly discussed.
文摘Current investigation deals with the effect of grain growth process as a function of sintering temperature on the electromagnetic properties （initial permeability, impedance, and gain） of Mn-Zn ferrite （MZF） cores （toroids）. By employing auto combustion process, nanosized [（20 ± 5） nm] MZF powders were synthesized and toroid shape cores were obtained after subsequent calcination and firing （sintering） process. It was observed that the submicron structure （0.5 μm） achieved in the ferrite core sintered at 1,000 ℃ was gradually transformed into micron size grains by increasing the firing temperature i.e., 1,100, 1,200, and 1,350 ℃. The results reveal that MZF core sintered at low temperature （1,000 ℃） showed high impedance, low initial permeability, and narrow working frequency range i.e., 3-15 MHz. However, the improvement in initial permeability, sintered density, and operational frequency range （100 kHz-17 MHz） was observed at high temperature （1,350 ℃） firing in the inert environment. This synthesized MZF core is more suitable for miniaturized switch mode power supply applications.
文摘Background:Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a global health crisis requiring a One Health approach to integrate surveillance across sectors,particularly in water sources,to control its spread.Considering socioeconomic and environmental factors,this study explored Escherichia coli and AMR patterns in water using a One Health approach.Methodology:This crosssectional study assessed E.coli and AMR in drinking and sewerage water across three districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan.Multi-stage random sampling yielded 840 water sam-ples from 420 households,along with socio-demographic and AMR awareness data.Microbiological analyses identified E.coli,CRE,and ESBL.The resistance profiles were determined using the disk diffusion method,and the association between socio-demographics and awareness was analyzed.Results:The prevalence of E.coli in drinking water was 44%,with 40%ESBL,21%CRE,and 15%cooccurrence of ESBL and CRE.Swat had the highest E.coli prevalence in sewerage(78%)and drinking water(58%),while Bannu had the highest ESBL levels.Tetracycline resistance was widespread(78%sewerage and 69%drinking water).The MAR index showed that 20.5%of the isolates were resistant to six antibiotics,varying by district.Location influenced the contamination level(p=0.002).Access to health(OR=0.497),veterinary services(OR=0.881),and frequent medical advice(OR=1.557)lowered E.coli contamination.Education(p=0.002)and locality(p<0.001)affected AMR knowledge.Animal area cleaning was significantly correlated with AMR awareness.Conclusion:High E.coli and AMR levels in water pose public health risks because they are driven by poor sanitation,limited water access,and low awareness.Better water management,awareness,and antimicrobial control are essential to mitigate AMR spread.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Key R&D Program of China,the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the Joint Large Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS,Wuyi University,and the Tsung-Dao Lee Instiute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China,the In stiut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in France,the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italy,the Fond de la Recherche Scintifique(F.R.S-FNRS)and FWO under the"Excellence of Science-EOS"in Belgium,the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientificoce Tecnologico in Brazil,the Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desrrollo in Chile,the Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republic,the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG),the Helmholtz Association,and the Cluster of Exellence PRISMA+in Germany,the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR),Lomonosov Moscow State University,and Russian Foundation for Basic Research(RFBR)in Russia,the MOST and MOE in Taiwan,the Chu-lalongkorm University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand,and the University of aliformia at Irvine in USA.
文摘The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector.Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent location for^8B solar neutrino measurements,such as its low-energy threshold,high energy resolution compared with water Cherenkov detectors,and much larger target mass compared with previous liquid scintillator detectors.In this paper,we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting^8B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process.A reduced 2 MeV threshold for the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable,assuming that the intrinsic radioactive background^(238)U and^(232)Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10^(-17)g/g.With ten years of data acquisition,approximately 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected.This large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in the dense solar matter,which will shed new light on the inconsistency between the measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework.IfDelta m^(2)_(21)=4.8times10^(-5);(7.5times10^(-5))eV^(2),JUNO can provide evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at approximately the 3sigma(2sigma)level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation with respect to the solar zenith angle.Moreover,JUNO can simultaneously measureDelta m^2_(21)using^8B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20% or better,depending on the central value,and to sub-percent precision using reactor antineutrinos.A comparison of these two measurements from the same detector will help understand the current mild inconsistency between the value of Delta m^2_(21)reported by solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment.
