The co-infection of corona and influenza viruses has emerged as a significant threat to global public health due to their shared modes of transmission and overlapping clinical symptoms.This article presents a novel ma...The co-infection of corona and influenza viruses has emerged as a significant threat to global public health due to their shared modes of transmission and overlapping clinical symptoms.This article presents a novel mathematical model that addresses the dynamics of this co-infection by extending the SEIR(Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered)framework to incorporate treatment and hospitalization compartments.The population is divided into eight compartments,with infectious individuals further categorized into influenza infectious,corona infectious,and co-infection cases.The proposed mathematical model is constrained to adhere to fundamental epidemiological properties,such as non-negativity and boundedness within a feasible region.Additionally,the model is demonstrated to be well-posed with a unique solution.Equilibrium points,including the disease-free and endemic equilibria,are identified,and various properties related to these equilibrium points,such as the basic reproduction number,are determined.Local and global sensitivity analyses are performed to identify the parameters that highly influence disease dynamics and the reproduction number.Knowing the most influential parameters is crucial for understanding their impact on the co-infection’s spread and severity.Furthermore,an optimal control problem is defined to minimize disease transmission and to control strategy costs.The purpose of our study is to identify the most effective(optimal)control strategies for mitigating the spread of the co-infection with minimum cost of the controls.The results illustrate the effectiveness of the implemented control strategies in managing the co-infection’s impact on the population’s health.This mathematical modeling and control strategy framework provides valuable tools for understanding and combating the dual threat of corona and influenza co-infection,helping public health authorities and policymakers make informed decisions in the face of these intertwined epidemics.展开更多
Rare earth elements have gained considerable popularity in electronic devices as vital elements in electrical and dielectric materials.In this manuscript,NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)nanocomposite was synthesized using the sol-gel ...Rare earth elements have gained considerable popularity in electronic devices as vital elements in electrical and dielectric materials.In this manuscript,NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)nanocomposite was synthesized using the sol-gel method and doped with the rare earth element lanthanum(La)to improve the structural,morphological and electrochemical properties.First,the structural and morphological characteristics of NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)and La@NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)nanocomposite were measured.Three-and two-electrode setups were used to assess the electrochemical properties of La@NiCoFe_(2)O_(4).At 1.5 A/g,the La@NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)shows a very high specific capacity value of 1622.5 C/g.Next,a two-electrode configuration with a La@NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)and an activated carbon(AC)was designed.With an impressive power density(PD)of 2207 W/kg,a remarkable energy density(ED)of 42.2 Wh/kg,and a specific capacity of 268.0 C/g,the resulting supercapattery device displays exceptional characteristics.Supercapacitor devices,in particular,demonstrate exceptional cycle stability,while the device as a whole has a high capacitive retention(CR)value of 89.0%after 5000 cycles.These results indicate that La@NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)is a possible material for the design of future energy storage system electrodes due to its numerous desirable characteristics.展开更多
Malaria is a significant global health challenge.This devastating disease continues to affect millions,especially in tropical regions.It is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.Thi...Malaria is a significant global health challenge.This devastating disease continues to affect millions,especially in tropical regions.It is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.This study introduces a nonlinear mathematical model for examining the transmission dynamics of malaria,incorporating both human and mosquito populations.We aim to identify the key factors driving the endemic spread of malaria,determine feasible solutions,and provide insights that lead to the development of effective prevention and management strategies.We derive the basic reproductive number employing the next-generation matrix approach and identify the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points.Stability analyses indicate that the disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally stable when the reproductive number is below one,whereas an endemic equilibrium persists when this threshold is exceeded.Sensitivity analysis identifies the most influential mosquito-related parameters,particularly the bite rate and mosquito mortality,in controlling the spread of malaria.Furthermore,we extend our model to include a treatment compartment and three disease-preventive control variables such as antimalaria drug treatments,use of larvicides,and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for optimal control analysis.The results show that optimal use of mosquito nets,use of larvicides for mosquito population control,and treatment can lower the basic reproduction number and control malaria transmission with minimal intervention costs.The analysis of disease control strategies and findings offers valuable information for policymakers in designing cost-effective strategies to combat malaria.展开更多
In the current digital era,new technologies are becoming an essential part of our lives.Consequently,the number ofmalicious software ormalware attacks is rapidly growing.There is no doubt,themajority ofmalware attacks...In the current digital era,new technologies are becoming an essential part of our lives.Consequently,the number ofmalicious software ormalware attacks is rapidly growing.There is no doubt,themajority ofmalware attacks can be detected by most antivirus programs.However,such types of antivirus programs are one step behind malicious software.Due to these dilemmas,deep learning become popular in the detection and classification of malicious data.Therefore,researchers have significantly focused on finding solutions for malware attacks by analyzing malicious samples with the help of different techniques and models.In this research,we presented a lightweight attention-based novel deep Convolutional Neural Network(DNN-CNN)model for binary and multi-class malware classification,including benign,trojan horse,ransomware,and spyware.We applied the Principal Component Analysis(PCA)technique for feature extraction for binary classification.We used the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)to handle the imbalanced data during multi-class classification.Our proposed attention-based malware detectionmodel is trained on the benchmarkmalware memory dataset named CIC-MalMem-2022.Theresults indicate that our model obtained high accuracy for binary and multi-class classification,99.5% and 97.9%,respectively.展开更多
Thymoquinone(TQ)and gallic acid(GA)are known for counter-tumorigenic characteristics.GA inhibits cancer cell proliferation by interfering with many apoptotic signaling pathways,producing more reactive oxygen species(R...Thymoquinone(TQ)and gallic acid(GA)are known for counter-tumorigenic characteristics.GA inhibits cancer cell proliferation by interfering with many apoptotic signaling pathways,producing more reactive oxygen species(ROS),focusing on the cell cycle,and suppressing the expression of oncogenes and matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs).In this study,TQ(after reducing to thymohydroquinone)and GA are esterified to form thymohydroquinyl gallate(a prodrug).Thymohydroquinyl gallate(THQG)possesses enhanced antineoplastic efficacy and targeted delivery potential.The chemical and spectroscopic analysis confirms ester synthesis.Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)are employed as nanocarriers due to their physicochemical and optical characteristics,biocompatibility,and low toxicity.As an efficient drug transporter,(AuNPs) shield conjugated drugs from enzymatic digestion.The prodrug acts as a reducing agent for Au metal atoms and is loaded onto it after reduction.The nano drug is radiolabeled with 99mTc and 131I to monitor the drug biodistribution in animals using a gamma camera and single-photon emission computerized tomography(SPECT).131I is an antineoplastic that helps enhance the drug's efficiency.Chromatographic results reveal promising radiolabeling percentages.In vitro,drug release shows sustained release at pH~5.8.In vitro 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT)cytotoxicity assay reveals drug potency on CAL 27 and MCF 7 cell lines.展开更多
The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials off...The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.展开更多
In the quest for new agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals,chemists seek access to reliable and mild synthetic techniques to allow for the systematic modification of chemical structures,exploration of unexplored chemical ...In the quest for new agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals,chemists seek access to reliable and mild synthetic techniques to allow for the systematic modification of chemical structures,exploration of unexplored chemical space,and facilitation of practical synthesis in their search for novel agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.In this regard,photocatalytic reactions enabled the synthesis of intricate and more functionalized compounds.This review overviews the developed synthetic methodologies and their utility in the chemical synthesis of pharmaceuticals.This review also offers in-depth insights into contemporary photoredox reactions such as allylic additions,cyclization,reductive cross-coupling,C–H activation,ring opening,oxidative cross-coupling,dehydrogenation,desulphonation,and decarboxylation.It provides a positive outlook for the promising future of this field.展开更多
Double-cropping rice in South China continues to break the total yield record,but the yield potential of singlecropping rice is not being realized.Radiation use efficiency(RUE)has been singled out as an important dete...Double-cropping rice in South China continues to break the total yield record,but the yield potential of singlecropping rice is not being realized.Radiation use efficiency(RUE)has been singled out as an important determinant of grain yield in many cereal species.However,there is no information on whether the yield gaps in doublecropping rice involve differences in RUE.Field experiments were performed over two years to evaluate the effects of intercepted radiation(IP)and RUE on the above-ground biomass production,crop growth rate(CGR),and harvest index(HI),in four representative rice varieties,i.e.,Xiangyaxiangzhan(XYXZ),Meixiangzhan 2(MXZ2),Nanjingxiangzhan(NJXZ),and Ruanhuayoujinsi(RHYJS),during the early and late seasons of rice cultivation in South China.The results revealed that grain yield in the early season was 8.2%higher than in the late season.The yield advantage in the early season was primarily due to higher spikelets per panicle and above-ground biomass resulting from a higher RUE.The spikelets per panicle in the early season were 6.5,8.3,6.9,and 8.5%higher in XYXZ,MXZ2,NJXZ,and RHYJS,respectively,than in the late season.The higher early season grain yield was more closely related to RUE in the middle tillering stage(R^(2)=0.34),panicle initiation(R^(2)=0.16),and maturation stage(R^(2)=0.28),and the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation(IPAR)in the maturation stage(R^(2)=0.28),while the late season grain yield was more dependent on IPAR in the middle tillering stage(R^(2)=0.31)and IPAR at panicle initiation(R^(2)=0.23).The results of this study conclusively show that higher RUE contributes to the yield progress of early season rice,while the yield improvement of late season rice is attributed to higher radiation during the early reproductive stage.Rationally allocating the RUE of double-cropping rice with high RUE varieties or adjustments of the sowing period merits further study.展开更多
The millimeter-Wave(mmWave)communication with the advantages of abundant bandwidth and immunity to interference has been deemed a promising technology to greatly improve network capacity.However,due to such characteri...The millimeter-Wave(mmWave)communication with the advantages of abundant bandwidth and immunity to interference has been deemed a promising technology to greatly improve network capacity.However,due to such characteristics of mmWave,as short transmission distance,high sensitivity to the blockage,and large propagation path loss,handover issues(including trigger condition and target beam selection)become much complicated.In this paper,we design a novel handover scheme to optimize the overall system throughput as well as the total system delay while guaranteeing the Quality of Service(QoS)of each User Equipment(UE).Specifically,the proposed handover scheme called O-MAPPO integrates the Reinforcement Learning(RL)algorithm and optimization theory.The RL algorithm known as Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization(MAPPO)plays a role in determining handover trigger conditions.Further,we propose an optimization problem in conjunction with MAPPO to select the target base station.The aim is to evaluate and optimize the system performance of total throughput and delay while guaranteeing the QoS of each UE after the handover decision is made.The numerical results show the overall system throughput and delay with our method are slightly worse than that with the exhaustive search method but much better than that using another typical RL algorithm Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG).展开更多
Domain shift is when the data used in training does not match the ones it will be applied to later on under similar conditions.Domain shift will reduce accuracy in results.To prevent this,domain adaptation is done,whi...Domain shift is when the data used in training does not match the ones it will be applied to later on under similar conditions.Domain shift will reduce accuracy in results.To prevent this,domain adaptation is done,which adapts the pre-trained model to the target domain.In real scenarios,the availability of labels for target data is rare thus resulting in unsupervised domain adaptation.Herein,we propose an innovative approach where source-free domain adaptation models and Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)are integrated to improve the performance of computer vision or robotic vision-based systems in our study.Cosine Generative Adversarial Network(CosGAN)is developed as a GAN that uses cosine embedding loss to handle issues associated with unsupervised source-relax domain adaptations.For less complex architecture,the CosGAN training process has two steps that produce results almost comparable to other state-of-the-art techniques.The efficiency of CosGAN was compared by conducting experiments using benchmarked datasets.The approach was evaluated on different datasets and experimental results show superiority over existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy as well as generalization ability.This technique has numerous applications including wheeled robots,autonomous vehicles,warehouse automation,and all image-processing-based automation tasks so it can reshape the field of robotic vision with its ability to make robots adapt to new tasks and environments efficiently without requiring additional labeled data.It lays the groundwork for future expansions in robotic vision and applications.Although GAN provides a variety of outstanding features,it also increases the risk of instability and over-fitting of the training data thus making the data difficult to converge.展开更多
In energy deficient world, cellulases play a major role for the production of alternative energy resources utilizing lignocellulosic waste materials for bioethanol and biogas production. This study highlights fungal a...In energy deficient world, cellulases play a major role for the production of alternative energy resources utilizing lignocellulosic waste materials for bioethanol and biogas production. This study highlights fungal and bacterial strains for the production of cellulases and its industrial applications. Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is more suitable process for cellulase production as compared to submerge fermentation techniques. Fungal cellulosomes system for the production of cellulases is more desirable and resistant to harsh environmental conditions. Trichoderma species are considered as most suitable candidate for cellulase production and utilization in industry as compared to Aspergillus and Humicola species. However, genetically modified strains of Aspergillus have capability to produce cellulase in relatively higher amount. Bacterial cellulase are more resistant to alkaline and thermophile conditions and good candidate in laundries. Cellulases are used in variety of industries such as textile, detergents and laundries, food industry, paper and pulp industry and biofuel production. Thermally stable modified strains of fungi and bacteria are good future prospect for cellulase production.展开更多
This study explores the complex relationships involving ecological footprints,energy use,carbon emissions,governance efficiency,economic prosperity,and financial stability in South Asian nations spanning the period fr...This study explores the complex relationships involving ecological footprints,energy use,carbon emissions,governance efficiency,economic prosperity,and financial stability in South Asian nations spanning the period from 2000 to 2022.Employing various methodologies such as cross-sectional dependence tests,co-integration analysis,and first-and second-generation unit-root tests,we use a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag model,feasible generalized least squares,and Panel Corrected Standard Errors to ensure the robustness of our findings.We find noteworthy positive correlations between several variables,including heightened ecological consciousness,effective governance structures,increased GDP per capita,and amplified CO_(2) emissions.These relationships suggest potential pathways to strengthen the financial stability of the entire region;they also highlight the latent potential of embracing ecologically sustainable practices to fortify economic resilience.Our results also underscore the pivotal role of appropriate governance structures and higher income levels in bolstering financial stability in South Asian countries.Interestingly,we also find negative coefficients associated with the use of renewable energy,suggesting that escalating the adoption of renewable energy could create financial instability.This finding stresses the importance of diversification in energy strategies,cautioning policymakers to carefully consider the financial ramifications of potentially costly imports of renewable energy sources while seeking to reduce carbon emissions,emphasizing the need to strike a balance between ambitious sustainability goals and the pursuit of sustained economic robustness in the region.In considering the implications of these findings,it is crucial to consider each country’s broader socioeconomic context.Our results offer valuable insights for policymakers in developing renewable energy strategies.展开更多
Introduction: Pleural effusion (PF) is a common clinical presentation in several diseases. Tuberculosis is one of the most frequent causes of exudative pleural effusions in immunocompetent patients. Tuberculosis is th...Introduction: Pleural effusion (PF) is a common clinical presentation in several diseases. Tuberculosis is one of the most frequent causes of exudative pleural effusions in immunocompetent patients. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from an infectious disease in developing countries. Pakistan is ranked fifth in the world in terms of tuberculosis high-burden countries. Various pleural fluid parameters have been used to identify the cause of pleural effusion. It has been discovered that tuberculous pleural effusions had a greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration than transudative effusions. This study used pleural fluid alkaline phosphatase levels to distinguish between tuberculous pleural effusion and malignant pleural effusion because there is little information from tuberculosis-high burden nations like Pakistan. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center in Karachi between October 2016 and October 2017. Material and Methods: The study comprised all patients who were admitted to the department of chest medicine at Jinnah post graduate medical centre (JPMC) of either gender between the ages of 18 and 70 who had exudative lymphocytic pleural effusions lasting two weeks or more included in the study. Non probability consecutive sampling was used to collect data. Patients who have tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or a history of hemoptysis, Bleeding disorders like, platelet function disorder, thrombocytopenia, Liver cirrhosis and Pregnant women were excluded. Parents’ informed consent was obtained after being informed of the study’s protocol, hazards, and advantages. Each patient had their level of pleural fluid alkaline phosphate (PALP) assessed. In order to evaluate the patient’s pleural effusion, a pre-made questionnaire was used. All the collected data were entered into the SPSS 20. An independent sample t-test was used to recognize alkaline phosphate levels association with pleural fluid secondary to tuberculosis or malignancy. Results: In this Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study, the total of 156 patients with age Mean ± SD of was 41.96 ± 17.05 years. The majority of patients 110 (70.5%) were male and 46 (29.5%) were female. Advanced age was associated with raised pleural fluid alkaline phosphatase. The difference of pleural fluid alkaline phosphate level between tuberculous v/s malignant group was found to be (38.03 ± 45.97) v/s (82.77 ± 61.80) respectively with P-value (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Malignant pleural effusions had elevated PALP when compared to tuberculous pleural effusions in exudative lymphocytic pleural effusions;better differences are seen in older ages and shorter disease durations.展开更多
A facile and efficient ball-milling assisted sol-gel synthesis route was developed to prepare triclinic e-LiVOPO_(4)(LVOP)material with lanthanum(La)and cerium(Ce)modification individually as well as simultaneously.An...A facile and efficient ball-milling assisted sol-gel synthesis route was developed to prepare triclinic e-LiVOPO_(4)(LVOP)material with lanthanum(La)and cerium(Ce)modification individually as well as simultaneously.An LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite cathode material was successfully synthesized and results show that La and Ce co-modification noticeably improves the electrochemical performance by enhancing the high voltage capacity upon cycling,which indicates contributions from the good ionic conductors LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).The simultaneous La and Ce modification improves the high voltage performance significantly with an increase of 50%in high voltage capacity after 20 cycles compared to pure LVOP.It also shows stabilized cycling perfo rmance with 91%capacity rete ntion after 50 cycles at 0.1 C rate,along with high-rate capability with a capacity of 83.1 mAh/g compared to the pristine sample showing the capacity of 51.6 mAh/g at a high rate of 5C.This can be attributed to the good conductivity of LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).In addition,the LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite and the pristine LVOP give a charge transfer resistance of-105 and-212Ω,respectively,showing much lower impedance due to a combination of La and Ce addition.展开更多
Hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of liver cancer worldwide and unfortunately the number of people affected with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still on the rise. Although the HBV has been known to cause f...Hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of liver cancer worldwide and unfortunately the number of people affected with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still on the rise. Although the HBV has been known to cause fatal illness since decades but the population effected by this lethal virus have still only a few options for its management. The major treatment strategies include interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues. These agents have so far produced unsatisfactory results in terms of complete virus eradication. Interferons cannot be used for long term therapy because of their potential side effects. Prolong treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues has also been reported to cause serious side effects besides the increasing resistance by the virus. The need for new innovative solutions for treatment of HBV has been realized by global research institutes and pharmaceutical industry. Present review focuses in detail on the new ideas that are being transformed into therapeutic tools for use as future therapies in HBV infection. Modern drug designing and screening methods have made the drug discovery process shorter and more reliable. HBV therapeutics will take a new turn in coming years owing to these intelligent drug designing and screening methods. Future therapy of HBV is aiming to include the use of vaccines(both prophylactic and therapeutic), immunomodulators such as antibodies, non-nucleoside antivirals such as RNAi and inhibitors of viral life cycle.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of insulin resistance in human hepatoma cells expressing hepatitis C virus(HCV) nonstructural protein 5A(NS5A).METHODS: The human hepatoma cell lines,Huh7 and Huh7.5,were infected wi...AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of insulin resistance in human hepatoma cells expressing hepatitis C virus(HCV) nonstructural protein 5A(NS5A).METHODS: The human hepatoma cell lines,Huh7 and Huh7.5,were infected with HCV or transientlytransfected with a vector expressing HCV NS5 A. The effect of HCV NS5 A on the status of the critical players involved in insulin signaling was analyzed using realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism version 5.0.RESULTS: To investigate the effect of insulin treatment on the players involved in insulin signaling pathway,we analyzed the status of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) phosphorylation in HCV infected cells or Huh7.5 cells transfected with an HCV NS5 A expression vector. Our results indicated that there was an increased phosphorylation of IRS-1(Ser307) in HCV infected or NS5 A transfected Huh7.5 cells compared to their respective controls. Furthermore,an increased phosphorylation of Akt(Ser473) was observed in HCV infected and NS5 A transfected cells compared to their mock infected cells. In contrast,we observed decreased phosphorylation of Akt Thr308 phosphorylation in HCV NS5 A transfected cells. These results suggest that Huh7.5 cells either infected with HCV or ectopically expressing HCV NS5 A alone have the potential to induce insulin resistance by the phosphorylation of IRS-1 at serine residue(Ser307) followed by decreased phosphorylation of Akt Thr308,Fox01 Ser256 and GSK3β Ser9,the downstream players of the insulin signalingpathway. Furthermore,increased expression of PECK and glucose-6-phosphatase,the molecules involved in gluconeogenesis,in HCV NS5 A transfected cells was observed.CONCLUSION: Taken together,our results suggest the role of HCV NS5 A in the induction of insulin resistance by modulating various cellular targets involved in the insulin signaling pathway.展开更多
The sixth-generation(6G)network must provide better performance than previous generations to meet the requirements of emerging services and applications,such as multi-gigabit transmission rate,higher reliability,and s...The sixth-generation(6G)network must provide better performance than previous generations to meet the requirements of emerging services and applications,such as multi-gigabit transmission rate,higher reliability,and sub-1 ms latency and ubiquitous connection for the Internet of Everything(IoE).However,with the scarcity of spectrum resources,efficient resource management and sharing are crucial to achieving all these ambitious requirements.One possible technology to achieve all this is the blockchain.Because of its inherent properties,the blockchain has recently gained an important position,which is of great significance to the 6G network and other networks.In particular,the integration of the blockchain in 6G will enable the network to monitor and manage resource utilization and sharing efficiently.Hence,in this paper,we discuss the potentials of the blockchain for resource management and sharing in 6G using multiple application scenarios,namely,Internet of things,deviceto-device communications,network slicing,and inter-domain blockchain ecosystems.展开更多
This paper presents the design optimization of composite submersible cylindrical pressure hull subjected to 3 MPa hydrostatic pressure.The design optimization study is conducted for cross-ply layups[0_(s)/90_(t)/0_(u)...This paper presents the design optimization of composite submersible cylindrical pressure hull subjected to 3 MPa hydrostatic pressure.The design optimization study is conducted for cross-ply layups[0_(s)/90_(t)/0_(u)],[0_(s)/90_(t)/0_(u)]s,[0_(s)/90_(t)]s and[90_(s)/0_(t)]s considering three uni-directional composites,i.e.Carbon/Epoxy,Glass/Epoxy,and Boron/Epoxy.The optimization study is performed by coupling a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm(MOGA)and Analytical Analysis.Minimizing the buoyancy factor and maximizing the buckling load factor are considered as the objectives of the optimization study.The objectives of the optimization are achieved under constraints on the Tsai-Wu,Tsai-Hill and Maximum Stress composite failure criteria and on buckling load factor.To verify the optimization approach,optimization of one particular layup configuration is also conducted in ANSYS with the same objectives and constraints.展开更多
In this work, three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to elucidate the nanoindentation behaviour of single crystal Ni. The substrate indenter system is modelled using hybrid interatomic potentia...In this work, three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to elucidate the nanoindentation behaviour of single crystal Ni. The substrate indenter system is modelled using hybrid interatomic potentials including the manybody potential （embedded atom method） and two-body Morse potential. The spherical indenter is chosen, and the simulation is performed for different loading rates from 10 m/s to 200 m/s. Results show that the maximum indentation load and hardness of the system increase with the increase of velocity. The effect of indenter size on the nanoindentation response is also analysed. It is found that the maximum indentation load is higher for the large indenter whereas the hardness is higher for the smaller indenter. Dynamic nanoindentation is carried out to investigate the behaviour of Ni substrate to multiple loading-unloading cycles. It is observed from the results that the increase in the number of loading unloading cycles reduces the maximum load and hardness of the Ni substrate. This is attributed to the decrease in recovery force due to defects and dislocations produced after each indentation cycle.展开更多
基金supported by NASA Oklahoma Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research(EPSCoR)Infrastructure Development,“Machine Learning Ocean World Biosignature Detection from Mass Spec”(PI:BrettMcKinney),Grant No.80NSSC24M0109Tandy School of Computer Science,University of Tulsa.
文摘The co-infection of corona and influenza viruses has emerged as a significant threat to global public health due to their shared modes of transmission and overlapping clinical symptoms.This article presents a novel mathematical model that addresses the dynamics of this co-infection by extending the SEIR(Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered)framework to incorporate treatment and hospitalization compartments.The population is divided into eight compartments,with infectious individuals further categorized into influenza infectious,corona infectious,and co-infection cases.The proposed mathematical model is constrained to adhere to fundamental epidemiological properties,such as non-negativity and boundedness within a feasible region.Additionally,the model is demonstrated to be well-posed with a unique solution.Equilibrium points,including the disease-free and endemic equilibria,are identified,and various properties related to these equilibrium points,such as the basic reproduction number,are determined.Local and global sensitivity analyses are performed to identify the parameters that highly influence disease dynamics and the reproduction number.Knowing the most influential parameters is crucial for understanding their impact on the co-infection’s spread and severity.Furthermore,an optimal control problem is defined to minimize disease transmission and to control strategy costs.The purpose of our study is to identify the most effective(optimal)control strategies for mitigating the spread of the co-infection with minimum cost of the controls.The results illustrate the effectiveness of the implemented control strategies in managing the co-infection’s impact on the population’s health.This mathematical modeling and control strategy framework provides valuable tools for understanding and combating the dual threat of corona and influenza co-infection,helping public health authorities and policymakers make informed decisions in the face of these intertwined epidemics.
基金funded by the Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSPD2024R763)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Rare earth elements have gained considerable popularity in electronic devices as vital elements in electrical and dielectric materials.In this manuscript,NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)nanocomposite was synthesized using the sol-gel method and doped with the rare earth element lanthanum(La)to improve the structural,morphological and electrochemical properties.First,the structural and morphological characteristics of NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)and La@NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)nanocomposite were measured.Three-and two-electrode setups were used to assess the electrochemical properties of La@NiCoFe_(2)O_(4).At 1.5 A/g,the La@NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)shows a very high specific capacity value of 1622.5 C/g.Next,a two-electrode configuration with a La@NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)and an activated carbon(AC)was designed.With an impressive power density(PD)of 2207 W/kg,a remarkable energy density(ED)of 42.2 Wh/kg,and a specific capacity of 268.0 C/g,the resulting supercapattery device displays exceptional characteristics.Supercapacitor devices,in particular,demonstrate exceptional cycle stability,while the device as a whole has a high capacitive retention(CR)value of 89.0%after 5000 cycles.These results indicate that La@NiCoFe_(2)O_(4)is a possible material for the design of future energy storage system electrodes due to its numerous desirable characteristics.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia[Grant No.KFU252959].
文摘Malaria is a significant global health challenge.This devastating disease continues to affect millions,especially in tropical regions.It is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.This study introduces a nonlinear mathematical model for examining the transmission dynamics of malaria,incorporating both human and mosquito populations.We aim to identify the key factors driving the endemic spread of malaria,determine feasible solutions,and provide insights that lead to the development of effective prevention and management strategies.We derive the basic reproductive number employing the next-generation matrix approach and identify the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points.Stability analyses indicate that the disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally stable when the reproductive number is below one,whereas an endemic equilibrium persists when this threshold is exceeded.Sensitivity analysis identifies the most influential mosquito-related parameters,particularly the bite rate and mosquito mortality,in controlling the spread of malaria.Furthermore,we extend our model to include a treatment compartment and three disease-preventive control variables such as antimalaria drug treatments,use of larvicides,and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for optimal control analysis.The results show that optimal use of mosquito nets,use of larvicides for mosquito population control,and treatment can lower the basic reproduction number and control malaria transmission with minimal intervention costs.The analysis of disease control strategies and findings offers valuable information for policymakers in designing cost-effective strategies to combat malaria.
基金funded by Naif Arab University for Security Sciences under grant No.NAUSS-23-R11.
文摘In the current digital era,new technologies are becoming an essential part of our lives.Consequently,the number ofmalicious software ormalware attacks is rapidly growing.There is no doubt,themajority ofmalware attacks can be detected by most antivirus programs.However,such types of antivirus programs are one step behind malicious software.Due to these dilemmas,deep learning become popular in the detection and classification of malicious data.Therefore,researchers have significantly focused on finding solutions for malware attacks by analyzing malicious samples with the help of different techniques and models.In this research,we presented a lightweight attention-based novel deep Convolutional Neural Network(DNN-CNN)model for binary and multi-class malware classification,including benign,trojan horse,ransomware,and spyware.We applied the Principal Component Analysis(PCA)technique for feature extraction for binary classification.We used the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)to handle the imbalanced data during multi-class classification.Our proposed attention-based malware detectionmodel is trained on the benchmarkmalware memory dataset named CIC-MalMem-2022.Theresults indicate that our model obtained high accuracy for binary and multi-class classification,99.5% and 97.9%,respectively.
文摘Thymoquinone(TQ)and gallic acid(GA)are known for counter-tumorigenic characteristics.GA inhibits cancer cell proliferation by interfering with many apoptotic signaling pathways,producing more reactive oxygen species(ROS),focusing on the cell cycle,and suppressing the expression of oncogenes and matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs).In this study,TQ(after reducing to thymohydroquinone)and GA are esterified to form thymohydroquinyl gallate(a prodrug).Thymohydroquinyl gallate(THQG)possesses enhanced antineoplastic efficacy and targeted delivery potential.The chemical and spectroscopic analysis confirms ester synthesis.Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)are employed as nanocarriers due to their physicochemical and optical characteristics,biocompatibility,and low toxicity.As an efficient drug transporter,(AuNPs) shield conjugated drugs from enzymatic digestion.The prodrug acts as a reducing agent for Au metal atoms and is loaded onto it after reduction.The nano drug is radiolabeled with 99mTc and 131I to monitor the drug biodistribution in animals using a gamma camera and single-photon emission computerized tomography(SPECT).131I is an antineoplastic that helps enhance the drug's efficiency.Chromatographic results reveal promising radiolabeling percentages.In vitro,drug release shows sustained release at pH~5.8.In vitro 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT)cytotoxicity assay reveals drug potency on CAL 27 and MCF 7 cell lines.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT) (IITP-2025-RS-2024-00437191, and RS-2025-02303505)partly supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education. (No. 2022R1A6C101A774)the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, through Large Research Project under grant number RGP-2/527/46
文摘The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.
文摘In the quest for new agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals,chemists seek access to reliable and mild synthetic techniques to allow for the systematic modification of chemical structures,exploration of unexplored chemical space,and facilitation of practical synthesis in their search for novel agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.In this regard,photocatalytic reactions enabled the synthesis of intricate and more functionalized compounds.This review overviews the developed synthetic methodologies and their utility in the chemical synthesis of pharmaceuticals.This review also offers in-depth insights into contemporary photoredox reactions such as allylic additions,cyclization,reductive cross-coupling,C–H activation,ring opening,oxidative cross-coupling,dehydrogenation,desulphonation,and decarboxylation.It provides a positive outlook for the promising future of this field.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971843)the Modern Agroindustrial Technology System of Guangdong Province,China(2021KJ105)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project,China(202103000075 and 202102100008)。
文摘Double-cropping rice in South China continues to break the total yield record,but the yield potential of singlecropping rice is not being realized.Radiation use efficiency(RUE)has been singled out as an important determinant of grain yield in many cereal species.However,there is no information on whether the yield gaps in doublecropping rice involve differences in RUE.Field experiments were performed over two years to evaluate the effects of intercepted radiation(IP)and RUE on the above-ground biomass production,crop growth rate(CGR),and harvest index(HI),in four representative rice varieties,i.e.,Xiangyaxiangzhan(XYXZ),Meixiangzhan 2(MXZ2),Nanjingxiangzhan(NJXZ),and Ruanhuayoujinsi(RHYJS),during the early and late seasons of rice cultivation in South China.The results revealed that grain yield in the early season was 8.2%higher than in the late season.The yield advantage in the early season was primarily due to higher spikelets per panicle and above-ground biomass resulting from a higher RUE.The spikelets per panicle in the early season were 6.5,8.3,6.9,and 8.5%higher in XYXZ,MXZ2,NJXZ,and RHYJS,respectively,than in the late season.The higher early season grain yield was more closely related to RUE in the middle tillering stage(R^(2)=0.34),panicle initiation(R^(2)=0.16),and maturation stage(R^(2)=0.28),and the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation(IPAR)in the maturation stage(R^(2)=0.28),while the late season grain yield was more dependent on IPAR in the middle tillering stage(R^(2)=0.31)and IPAR at panicle initiation(R^(2)=0.23).The results of this study conclusively show that higher RUE contributes to the yield progress of early season rice,while the yield improvement of late season rice is attributed to higher radiation during the early reproductive stage.Rationally allocating the RUE of double-cropping rice with high RUE varieties or adjustments of the sowing period merits further study.
文摘The millimeter-Wave(mmWave)communication with the advantages of abundant bandwidth and immunity to interference has been deemed a promising technology to greatly improve network capacity.However,due to such characteristics of mmWave,as short transmission distance,high sensitivity to the blockage,and large propagation path loss,handover issues(including trigger condition and target beam selection)become much complicated.In this paper,we design a novel handover scheme to optimize the overall system throughput as well as the total system delay while guaranteeing the Quality of Service(QoS)of each User Equipment(UE).Specifically,the proposed handover scheme called O-MAPPO integrates the Reinforcement Learning(RL)algorithm and optimization theory.The RL algorithm known as Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization(MAPPO)plays a role in determining handover trigger conditions.Further,we propose an optimization problem in conjunction with MAPPO to select the target base station.The aim is to evaluate and optimize the system performance of total throughput and delay while guaranteeing the QoS of each UE after the handover decision is made.The numerical results show the overall system throughput and delay with our method are slightly worse than that with the exhaustive search method but much better than that using another typical RL algorithm Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG).
文摘Domain shift is when the data used in training does not match the ones it will be applied to later on under similar conditions.Domain shift will reduce accuracy in results.To prevent this,domain adaptation is done,which adapts the pre-trained model to the target domain.In real scenarios,the availability of labels for target data is rare thus resulting in unsupervised domain adaptation.Herein,we propose an innovative approach where source-free domain adaptation models and Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)are integrated to improve the performance of computer vision or robotic vision-based systems in our study.Cosine Generative Adversarial Network(CosGAN)is developed as a GAN that uses cosine embedding loss to handle issues associated with unsupervised source-relax domain adaptations.For less complex architecture,the CosGAN training process has two steps that produce results almost comparable to other state-of-the-art techniques.The efficiency of CosGAN was compared by conducting experiments using benchmarked datasets.The approach was evaluated on different datasets and experimental results show superiority over existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy as well as generalization ability.This technique has numerous applications including wheeled robots,autonomous vehicles,warehouse automation,and all image-processing-based automation tasks so it can reshape the field of robotic vision with its ability to make robots adapt to new tasks and environments efficiently without requiring additional labeled data.It lays the groundwork for future expansions in robotic vision and applications.Although GAN provides a variety of outstanding features,it also increases the risk of instability and over-fitting of the training data thus making the data difficult to converge.
文摘In energy deficient world, cellulases play a major role for the production of alternative energy resources utilizing lignocellulosic waste materials for bioethanol and biogas production. This study highlights fungal and bacterial strains for the production of cellulases and its industrial applications. Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is more suitable process for cellulase production as compared to submerge fermentation techniques. Fungal cellulosomes system for the production of cellulases is more desirable and resistant to harsh environmental conditions. Trichoderma species are considered as most suitable candidate for cellulase production and utilization in industry as compared to Aspergillus and Humicola species. However, genetically modified strains of Aspergillus have capability to produce cellulase in relatively higher amount. Bacterial cellulase are more resistant to alkaline and thermophile conditions and good candidate in laundries. Cellulases are used in variety of industries such as textile, detergents and laundries, food industry, paper and pulp industry and biofuel production. Thermally stable modified strains of fungi and bacteria are good future prospect for cellulase production.
基金supported by the grant from National Social Science Fund of China(23BJY085).
文摘This study explores the complex relationships involving ecological footprints,energy use,carbon emissions,governance efficiency,economic prosperity,and financial stability in South Asian nations spanning the period from 2000 to 2022.Employing various methodologies such as cross-sectional dependence tests,co-integration analysis,and first-and second-generation unit-root tests,we use a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag model,feasible generalized least squares,and Panel Corrected Standard Errors to ensure the robustness of our findings.We find noteworthy positive correlations between several variables,including heightened ecological consciousness,effective governance structures,increased GDP per capita,and amplified CO_(2) emissions.These relationships suggest potential pathways to strengthen the financial stability of the entire region;they also highlight the latent potential of embracing ecologically sustainable practices to fortify economic resilience.Our results also underscore the pivotal role of appropriate governance structures and higher income levels in bolstering financial stability in South Asian countries.Interestingly,we also find negative coefficients associated with the use of renewable energy,suggesting that escalating the adoption of renewable energy could create financial instability.This finding stresses the importance of diversification in energy strategies,cautioning policymakers to carefully consider the financial ramifications of potentially costly imports of renewable energy sources while seeking to reduce carbon emissions,emphasizing the need to strike a balance between ambitious sustainability goals and the pursuit of sustained economic robustness in the region.In considering the implications of these findings,it is crucial to consider each country’s broader socioeconomic context.Our results offer valuable insights for policymakers in developing renewable energy strategies.
文摘Introduction: Pleural effusion (PF) is a common clinical presentation in several diseases. Tuberculosis is one of the most frequent causes of exudative pleural effusions in immunocompetent patients. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from an infectious disease in developing countries. Pakistan is ranked fifth in the world in terms of tuberculosis high-burden countries. Various pleural fluid parameters have been used to identify the cause of pleural effusion. It has been discovered that tuberculous pleural effusions had a greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration than transudative effusions. This study used pleural fluid alkaline phosphatase levels to distinguish between tuberculous pleural effusion and malignant pleural effusion because there is little information from tuberculosis-high burden nations like Pakistan. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center in Karachi between October 2016 and October 2017. Material and Methods: The study comprised all patients who were admitted to the department of chest medicine at Jinnah post graduate medical centre (JPMC) of either gender between the ages of 18 and 70 who had exudative lymphocytic pleural effusions lasting two weeks or more included in the study. Non probability consecutive sampling was used to collect data. Patients who have tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or a history of hemoptysis, Bleeding disorders like, platelet function disorder, thrombocytopenia, Liver cirrhosis and Pregnant women were excluded. Parents’ informed consent was obtained after being informed of the study’s protocol, hazards, and advantages. Each patient had their level of pleural fluid alkaline phosphate (PALP) assessed. In order to evaluate the patient’s pleural effusion, a pre-made questionnaire was used. All the collected data were entered into the SPSS 20. An independent sample t-test was used to recognize alkaline phosphate levels association with pleural fluid secondary to tuberculosis or malignancy. Results: In this Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study, the total of 156 patients with age Mean ± SD of was 41.96 ± 17.05 years. The majority of patients 110 (70.5%) were male and 46 (29.5%) were female. Advanced age was associated with raised pleural fluid alkaline phosphatase. The difference of pleural fluid alkaline phosphate level between tuberculous v/s malignant group was found to be (38.03 ± 45.97) v/s (82.77 ± 61.80) respectively with P-value (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Malignant pleural effusions had elevated PALP when compared to tuberculous pleural effusions in exudative lymphocytic pleural effusions;better differences are seen in older ages and shorter disease durations.
基金the Anhui Natural Science Foundation(1908085ME151,KJ2020A0263)China Po stdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M673404)+2 种基金Anhui Province High-end Talent Grant(DT18100044)the National Level Foreign Expert Introduction Plan(G20190219004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52207246)。
文摘A facile and efficient ball-milling assisted sol-gel synthesis route was developed to prepare triclinic e-LiVOPO_(4)(LVOP)material with lanthanum(La)and cerium(Ce)modification individually as well as simultaneously.An LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite cathode material was successfully synthesized and results show that La and Ce co-modification noticeably improves the electrochemical performance by enhancing the high voltage capacity upon cycling,which indicates contributions from the good ionic conductors LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).The simultaneous La and Ce modification improves the high voltage performance significantly with an increase of 50%in high voltage capacity after 20 cycles compared to pure LVOP.It also shows stabilized cycling perfo rmance with 91%capacity rete ntion after 50 cycles at 0.1 C rate,along with high-rate capability with a capacity of 83.1 mAh/g compared to the pristine sample showing the capacity of 51.6 mAh/g at a high rate of 5C.This can be attributed to the good conductivity of LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).In addition,the LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite and the pristine LVOP give a charge transfer resistance of-105 and-212Ω,respectively,showing much lower impedance due to a combination of La and Ce addition.
文摘Hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of liver cancer worldwide and unfortunately the number of people affected with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still on the rise. Although the HBV has been known to cause fatal illness since decades but the population effected by this lethal virus have still only a few options for its management. The major treatment strategies include interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues. These agents have so far produced unsatisfactory results in terms of complete virus eradication. Interferons cannot be used for long term therapy because of their potential side effects. Prolong treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues has also been reported to cause serious side effects besides the increasing resistance by the virus. The need for new innovative solutions for treatment of HBV has been realized by global research institutes and pharmaceutical industry. Present review focuses in detail on the new ideas that are being transformed into therapeutic tools for use as future therapies in HBV infection. Modern drug designing and screening methods have made the drug discovery process shorter and more reliable. HBV therapeutics will take a new turn in coming years owing to these intelligent drug designing and screening methods. Future therapy of HBV is aiming to include the use of vaccines(both prophylactic and therapeutic), immunomodulators such as antibodies, non-nucleoside antivirals such as RNAi and inhibitors of viral life cycle.
文摘AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of insulin resistance in human hepatoma cells expressing hepatitis C virus(HCV) nonstructural protein 5A(NS5A).METHODS: The human hepatoma cell lines,Huh7 and Huh7.5,were infected with HCV or transientlytransfected with a vector expressing HCV NS5 A. The effect of HCV NS5 A on the status of the critical players involved in insulin signaling was analyzed using realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism version 5.0.RESULTS: To investigate the effect of insulin treatment on the players involved in insulin signaling pathway,we analyzed the status of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) phosphorylation in HCV infected cells or Huh7.5 cells transfected with an HCV NS5 A expression vector. Our results indicated that there was an increased phosphorylation of IRS-1(Ser307) in HCV infected or NS5 A transfected Huh7.5 cells compared to their respective controls. Furthermore,an increased phosphorylation of Akt(Ser473) was observed in HCV infected and NS5 A transfected cells compared to their mock infected cells. In contrast,we observed decreased phosphorylation of Akt Thr308 phosphorylation in HCV NS5 A transfected cells. These results suggest that Huh7.5 cells either infected with HCV or ectopically expressing HCV NS5 A alone have the potential to induce insulin resistance by the phosphorylation of IRS-1 at serine residue(Ser307) followed by decreased phosphorylation of Akt Thr308,Fox01 Ser256 and GSK3β Ser9,the downstream players of the insulin signalingpathway. Furthermore,increased expression of PECK and glucose-6-phosphatase,the molecules involved in gluconeogenesis,in HCV NS5 A transfected cells was observed.CONCLUSION: Taken together,our results suggest the role of HCV NS5 A in the induction of insulin resistance by modulating various cellular targets involved in the insulin signaling pathway.
基金This work was supported in part by the U.K.EPSRC(EP/S02476X/1)Sichuan International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation/Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project(2019YFH0163)Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2018JZ0071).
文摘The sixth-generation(6G)network must provide better performance than previous generations to meet the requirements of emerging services and applications,such as multi-gigabit transmission rate,higher reliability,and sub-1 ms latency and ubiquitous connection for the Internet of Everything(IoE).However,with the scarcity of spectrum resources,efficient resource management and sharing are crucial to achieving all these ambitious requirements.One possible technology to achieve all this is the blockchain.Because of its inherent properties,the blockchain has recently gained an important position,which is of great significance to the 6G network and other networks.In particular,the integration of the blockchain in 6G will enable the network to monitor and manage resource utilization and sharing efficiently.Hence,in this paper,we discuss the potentials of the blockchain for resource management and sharing in 6G using multiple application scenarios,namely,Internet of things,deviceto-device communications,network slicing,and inter-domain blockchain ecosystems.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China research grant“Study on the characteristic motion and load of bubbles near a solid boundary in shear flows”(51679056)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(E2016024).
文摘This paper presents the design optimization of composite submersible cylindrical pressure hull subjected to 3 MPa hydrostatic pressure.The design optimization study is conducted for cross-ply layups[0_(s)/90_(t)/0_(u)],[0_(s)/90_(t)/0_(u)]s,[0_(s)/90_(t)]s and[90_(s)/0_(t)]s considering three uni-directional composites,i.e.Carbon/Epoxy,Glass/Epoxy,and Boron/Epoxy.The optimization study is performed by coupling a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm(MOGA)and Analytical Analysis.Minimizing the buoyancy factor and maximizing the buckling load factor are considered as the objectives of the optimization study.The objectives of the optimization are achieved under constraints on the Tsai-Wu,Tsai-Hill and Maximum Stress composite failure criteria and on buckling load factor.To verify the optimization approach,optimization of one particular layup configuration is also conducted in ANSYS with the same objectives and constraints.
文摘In this work, three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to elucidate the nanoindentation behaviour of single crystal Ni. The substrate indenter system is modelled using hybrid interatomic potentials including the manybody potential （embedded atom method） and two-body Morse potential. The spherical indenter is chosen, and the simulation is performed for different loading rates from 10 m/s to 200 m/s. Results show that the maximum indentation load and hardness of the system increase with the increase of velocity. The effect of indenter size on the nanoindentation response is also analysed. It is found that the maximum indentation load is higher for the large indenter whereas the hardness is higher for the smaller indenter. Dynamic nanoindentation is carried out to investigate the behaviour of Ni substrate to multiple loading-unloading cycles. It is observed from the results that the increase in the number of loading unloading cycles reduces the maximum load and hardness of the Ni substrate. This is attributed to the decrease in recovery force due to defects and dislocations produced after each indentation cycle.
