Drought stress negatively impacts agricultural crop yields.By using mineral fertilizers and chemical regulators to encourage plant development and growth,its impact can be mitigated.The current study revealed that exo...Drought stress negatively impacts agricultural crop yields.By using mineral fertilizers and chemical regulators to encourage plant development and growth,its impact can be mitigated.The current study revealed that exogenous silicon(Si)(potassium silicate;K2Si2O5 at 1000 ppm)and molybdenum(Mo)(ammonium molybdate;(NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O at 100 ppm)improved drought tolerance in quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd).The research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three biological replicates.The treatments comprised T0(control,water spray),T4(drought stress),and T1,T2,T3,T5,T6,and T7,i.e.,foliar applications of silicon and molybdenum solutions individually and in combination.Results revealed that drought stress predominantly affected the quinoa yield by decreasing the growth,physiological,biochemical,metabolic,hormonal,antioxidant,and ionic attributes.On the contrary,the supplementation of Si and Mo enhanced the growth attributes(shoot,panicle,and root length,No.of leaves per plant,shoot and panicle fresh/dry weight,root fresh/dry weight,No.of seeds and seeds fresh weight per plant),physiological traits(relative water content,chlorophyll,and carotenoids content),biochemical characteristics(total soluble sugars,protein and lipid content),metabolic attributes(total phenolic,flavonoids,tannins,lycopene,carotene),hormonal contents(indoleacetic acid(IAA),gibberellic acid(GA),salicylic acid(SA)),enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants(catalase,peroxidase and ascorbic acid),and ionic content(potassium(K),(calcium)Ca,(magnesium)Mg,Si and Mo).Under drought stress,Si and Mo reduced electrolyte leakage,abscisic acid(ABA)content,H_(2)O_(2) production,and sodium uptake.In addition,combined Si and Mo supplementation elevated the expression of the sucrose non-fermenting 1(SNF1)-associated protein kinase 2(SnRK2)(CqSNRK2.10)gene in quinoa under drought stress vs.control,signifying an essential regulatory function for Si and Mo-induced drought stress tolerance.These results imply that the exogenous administration of Si and Mo in combination might be an efficient method to alleviate drought stress on quinoa.展开更多
Synthesis,characterization of Co_3O_4 and Ag-Co_3O_4 composites and evaluation of their photo-catalytic activities towards photo-degradation of aqueous solution of rhodamine B dye under irradiation of visible light ha...Synthesis,characterization of Co_3O_4 and Ag-Co_3O_4 composites and evaluation of their photo-catalytic activities towards photo-degradation of aqueous solution of rhodamine B dye under irradiation of visible light have been described in this paper.Co_3O_4 was prepared by solid phase mechano chemical process using Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O and NH_4 HCO_3 as precursor materials.Ag was deposited on Co_3O_4 from AgNO_3 using Calotropis gigantea extract as reducing agent.XRD,SEM and FTIR were used for characterization of prepared composites.Photo-catalytic efficiencies of as-prepared Co_3O_4 and Ag-Co_3O_4 were evaluated for aqueous phase photo-degradation of rhodamine B.It was found that deposition of Ag on Co_3O_4 highly enhanced the photo-catalytic activity of Co_3O_4.Photo-catalytic degradation followed the Eley–Rideal mechanism.About 100% and 91% photo-degradation of 40 ml dye solution achieved at 313 K in 90 and 120 min over 0.05 g of Ag-Co_3O_4 as photo-catalyst using 100 and 200 mg·L^(-1) as initial concentration of dye respectively.展开更多
We studied the effects of hardwood-derived biochar（BC） and the phytohormone-producing endophyte Galactomyces geotrichum WLL1 in soybean（Glycine max（L.） Merr.） with respect to basic, macro- and micronutrient upta...We studied the effects of hardwood-derived biochar（BC） and the phytohormone-producing endophyte Galactomyces geotrichum WLL1 in soybean（Glycine max（L.） Merr.） with respect to basic, macro- and micronutrient uptakes and assimilations, and their subsequent effects on the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH）-scavenging activity. The assimilation of basic nutrients such as nitrogen was up-regulated, leaving carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen unaffected in BC＋G. geotrichum-treated soybean plants. In comparison, the uptakes of macro- and micronutrients fluctuated in the individual or co-application of BC and G. geotrichum in soybean plant organs and rhizospheric substrate. Moreover, the same attribute was recorded for the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and DPPH-scavenging activity. Collectively, these results showed that BC＋G. geotrichum-treated soybean yielded better results than did the plants treated with individual applications. It was concluded that BC is an additional nutriment source and that the G. geotrichum acts as a plant biostimulating source and the effects of both are additive towards plant growth promotion. Strategies involving the incorporation of BC and endophytic symbiosis may help achieve eco-friendly agricultural production, thus reducing the excessive use of chemical agents.展开更多
Bacterial endophytes are beneficial to their hosts as they can fix nitrogen in the soil and make it available to the host.Endophytic bacteria also secrete plant growth-promoting hormones to support their host plants u...Bacterial endophytes are beneficial to their hosts as they can fix nitrogen in the soil and make it available to the host.Endophytic bacteria also secrete plant growth-promoting hormones to support their host plants under normal as well as stress conditions.The current study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from different parts of Calotropis procera,i.e.,roots,stem and leaves of Calotropis procera(Ait.)W.T.Aiton.Plants were collected from the Lundkhwar,district Mardan.A total of 12 bacterial strains,i.e.,six from roots,three from the stem and three from the leaves were isolated.The strains were screened for their growth-promoting activity in rice plants because rice shows a quick and easy response to the bioactive compounds present in the culture filtrate(CF)of the potent endophytic strains.The rice plants were cultivated in pots containing 30 mL of 0.8%w/v water-agar medium.The pots were placed in a growth chamber,operated at 28±0.3℃ for 14 h(day);and 25±0.3℃ for 10 h(night),at 70%relative-humidity.Among the isolated strains,R1,S1,S3,L1,R5 and R6 showed visible growth promotion in rice plants.The biochemical analysis revealed that the strains were able to produce indole acetic acid(IAA)and flavonoids in higher quantities.Moreover,the strains also produced bioactive compounds that inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus using the well diffusion method.From the results,it was concluded that these strains can secrete potent compounds that can promote the host plant growth and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and,therefore,can be used as bio-fertilizer and bio-control agents.展开更多
This paper is based on an ethnobotanical project carried out in the remote Hindukush mountain region of Swat Kohistan.Most of the local people still rely on medicinal plants for curing different diseases.However,the t...This paper is based on an ethnobotanical project carried out in the remote Hindukush mountain region of Swat Kohistan.Most of the local people still rely on medicinal plants for curing different diseases.However,the traditional use and pertinent knowledge of medicinal plants are on decline with the introduction of allopathic drugs in the study area.During present study,an effort was made to document the traditional knowledge of some important medicinal shrubs of Swat Kohistan.The traditional uses of 18 frequently used shrubs belonging to 12 different families were thus documented.The Kohistani people use these medicinal shrubs for curing multiple ailments and some of these are also exported to other parts of Pakistan.展开更多
基金the Researchers Supporting Project No.RSP2024R191,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabiasupported by the IFS-International Foundation for Science,Stockholm,Sweden(C/5895-1).
文摘Drought stress negatively impacts agricultural crop yields.By using mineral fertilizers and chemical regulators to encourage plant development and growth,its impact can be mitigated.The current study revealed that exogenous silicon(Si)(potassium silicate;K2Si2O5 at 1000 ppm)and molybdenum(Mo)(ammonium molybdate;(NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O at 100 ppm)improved drought tolerance in quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd).The research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three biological replicates.The treatments comprised T0(control,water spray),T4(drought stress),and T1,T2,T3,T5,T6,and T7,i.e.,foliar applications of silicon and molybdenum solutions individually and in combination.Results revealed that drought stress predominantly affected the quinoa yield by decreasing the growth,physiological,biochemical,metabolic,hormonal,antioxidant,and ionic attributes.On the contrary,the supplementation of Si and Mo enhanced the growth attributes(shoot,panicle,and root length,No.of leaves per plant,shoot and panicle fresh/dry weight,root fresh/dry weight,No.of seeds and seeds fresh weight per plant),physiological traits(relative water content,chlorophyll,and carotenoids content),biochemical characteristics(total soluble sugars,protein and lipid content),metabolic attributes(total phenolic,flavonoids,tannins,lycopene,carotene),hormonal contents(indoleacetic acid(IAA),gibberellic acid(GA),salicylic acid(SA)),enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants(catalase,peroxidase and ascorbic acid),and ionic content(potassium(K),(calcium)Ca,(magnesium)Mg,Si and Mo).Under drought stress,Si and Mo reduced electrolyte leakage,abscisic acid(ABA)content,H_(2)O_(2) production,and sodium uptake.In addition,combined Si and Mo supplementation elevated the expression of the sucrose non-fermenting 1(SNF1)-associated protein kinase 2(SnRK2)(CqSNRK2.10)gene in quinoa under drought stress vs.control,signifying an essential regulatory function for Si and Mo-induced drought stress tolerance.These results imply that the exogenous administration of Si and Mo in combination might be an efficient method to alleviate drought stress on quinoa.
基金The World Academy of Sciences(TWAS)(13-301 RG/MSN/AS_C) is acknowledged for financial support under COMSTECH-TWAS Grants Program
文摘Synthesis,characterization of Co_3O_4 and Ag-Co_3O_4 composites and evaluation of their photo-catalytic activities towards photo-degradation of aqueous solution of rhodamine B dye under irradiation of visible light have been described in this paper.Co_3O_4 was prepared by solid phase mechano chemical process using Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O and NH_4 HCO_3 as precursor materials.Ag was deposited on Co_3O_4 from AgNO_3 using Calotropis gigantea extract as reducing agent.XRD,SEM and FTIR were used for characterization of prepared composites.Photo-catalytic efficiencies of as-prepared Co_3O_4 and Ag-Co_3O_4 were evaluated for aqueous phase photo-degradation of rhodamine B.It was found that deposition of Ag on Co_3O_4 highly enhanced the photo-catalytic activity of Co_3O_4.Photo-catalytic degradation followed the Eley–Rideal mechanism.About 100% and 91% photo-degradation of 40 ml dye solution achieved at 313 K in 90 and 120 min over 0.05 g of Ag-Co_3O_4 as photo-catalyst using 100 and 200 mg·L^(-1) as initial concentration of dye respectively.
基金Project supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries(IPET) through Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs Research Center Support Program,funded by Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(716001-7)
文摘We studied the effects of hardwood-derived biochar（BC） and the phytohormone-producing endophyte Galactomyces geotrichum WLL1 in soybean（Glycine max（L.） Merr.） with respect to basic, macro- and micronutrient uptakes and assimilations, and their subsequent effects on the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH）-scavenging activity. The assimilation of basic nutrients such as nitrogen was up-regulated, leaving carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen unaffected in BC＋G. geotrichum-treated soybean plants. In comparison, the uptakes of macro- and micronutrients fluctuated in the individual or co-application of BC and G. geotrichum in soybean plant organs and rhizospheric substrate. Moreover, the same attribute was recorded for the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and DPPH-scavenging activity. Collectively, these results showed that BC＋G. geotrichum-treated soybean yielded better results than did the plants treated with individual applications. It was concluded that BC is an additional nutriment source and that the G. geotrichum acts as a plant biostimulating source and the effects of both are additive towards plant growth promotion. Strategies involving the incorporation of BC and endophytic symbiosis may help achieve eco-friendly agricultural production, thus reducing the excessive use of chemical agents.
基金This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2017R1D1A1B04035601).
文摘Bacterial endophytes are beneficial to their hosts as they can fix nitrogen in the soil and make it available to the host.Endophytic bacteria also secrete plant growth-promoting hormones to support their host plants under normal as well as stress conditions.The current study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from different parts of Calotropis procera,i.e.,roots,stem and leaves of Calotropis procera(Ait.)W.T.Aiton.Plants were collected from the Lundkhwar,district Mardan.A total of 12 bacterial strains,i.e.,six from roots,three from the stem and three from the leaves were isolated.The strains were screened for their growth-promoting activity in rice plants because rice shows a quick and easy response to the bioactive compounds present in the culture filtrate(CF)of the potent endophytic strains.The rice plants were cultivated in pots containing 30 mL of 0.8%w/v water-agar medium.The pots were placed in a growth chamber,operated at 28±0.3℃ for 14 h(day);and 25±0.3℃ for 10 h(night),at 70%relative-humidity.Among the isolated strains,R1,S1,S3,L1,R5 and R6 showed visible growth promotion in rice plants.The biochemical analysis revealed that the strains were able to produce indole acetic acid(IAA)and flavonoids in higher quantities.Moreover,the strains also produced bioactive compounds that inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus using the well diffusion method.From the results,it was concluded that these strains can secrete potent compounds that can promote the host plant growth and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and,therefore,can be used as bio-fertilizer and bio-control agents.
文摘This paper is based on an ethnobotanical project carried out in the remote Hindukush mountain region of Swat Kohistan.Most of the local people still rely on medicinal plants for curing different diseases.However,the traditional use and pertinent knowledge of medicinal plants are on decline with the introduction of allopathic drugs in the study area.During present study,an effort was made to document the traditional knowledge of some important medicinal shrubs of Swat Kohistan.The traditional uses of 18 frequently used shrubs belonging to 12 different families were thus documented.The Kohistani people use these medicinal shrubs for curing multiple ailments and some of these are also exported to other parts of Pakistan.
