Constructing an interlayer between perovskite and zinc oxide(ZnO)electron transporting layer to passivate the implacable interfacial defects for upgrading the efficiency and stability of flexible perovskite solar cell...Constructing an interlayer between perovskite and zinc oxide(ZnO)electron transporting layer to passivate the implacable interfacial defects for upgrading the efficiency and stability of flexible perovskite solar cells(f-PSC)is a daunting challenge and remains under explored.Herein,we present a cascade bridge interlayer strategy of zeolitic imidazole framework-8(ZIF-8)at the ZnO/perovskite interface.The ZIF-8 interlayer uplifts thework function,creating a cascade pathway and bridges through nitrogen bonding with Pb^(2+)ions of perovskite,thereby facilitating electron transport and reducing interfacial charge recombination.Consequently,the ZnO surface defects are passivated by alleviating the OH‒species,and thus the device stability is significantly improved.The f-PSC with ZIF-8 interlayer delivers a stable conversion efficiency of 17.10%with minimal hysteresis.By utilizing the piezo-phototronic effect and subjecting the f-PSC to a tensile strain of 1.6%,a stable efficiency of 18.47%was achieved,representing one of the highest reported efficiencies for ZnO nanorods-based f-PSC.Furthermore,the ZnO‒ZIF-8 exhibits high adsorption capacity toward lead and traps the mobile Pb^(2+)ions at the ZnO/perovskite interface,preventing the negative impact of lead leaching on environmental sustainability.展开更多
Beam-column connections are one of the most critical elements of reinforced concrete structures,especially in seismically active regions,and have been extensively evaluated experimentally and numerically.However,very ...Beam-column connections are one of the most critical elements of reinforced concrete structures,especially in seismically active regions,and have been extensively evaluated experimentally and numerically.However,very limited experimental studies about eccentric reinforced concrete connections including the effect of connected slabs are available.This study presents the experimental results of two half-scale eccentric beam-column-slab connections subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading.The horizontal eccentricity(eh)is maintained at 12.5%and 25%of column width(bc)for specimens 1 and 2,respectively.The damage pattern,performance levels,displacement ductility(μD),energy dissipation,and connection strength and stiffness are compared for both specimens,and the effect of eccentricity is evaluated.It is concluded that the eccentricity has no significant effect on the lateral load carrying capacity;however,the overall strength degradation increases with the increase in eccentricity.Similarly,the elastic stiffness of specimen 2 decreased by 14%as the eccentricity increased from 12.5%to 25%;however,the eccentricity had no significant effect on the overall stiffness degradation.μD decreased by 43%,and the energy dissipation capacity decreased by 40%in specimen 2 with higher eccentricity.The story drifts corresponding to the performance levels of the life safety(LS)and collapse prevention(CP)were found to be 28%lesser in specimen 2 than in specimen 1.展开更多
基金supported by City University of Hong Kong(grant no.7020038).
文摘Constructing an interlayer between perovskite and zinc oxide(ZnO)electron transporting layer to passivate the implacable interfacial defects for upgrading the efficiency and stability of flexible perovskite solar cells(f-PSC)is a daunting challenge and remains under explored.Herein,we present a cascade bridge interlayer strategy of zeolitic imidazole framework-8(ZIF-8)at the ZnO/perovskite interface.The ZIF-8 interlayer uplifts thework function,creating a cascade pathway and bridges through nitrogen bonding with Pb^(2+)ions of perovskite,thereby facilitating electron transport and reducing interfacial charge recombination.Consequently,the ZnO surface defects are passivated by alleviating the OH‒species,and thus the device stability is significantly improved.The f-PSC with ZIF-8 interlayer delivers a stable conversion efficiency of 17.10%with minimal hysteresis.By utilizing the piezo-phototronic effect and subjecting the f-PSC to a tensile strain of 1.6%,a stable efficiency of 18.47%was achieved,representing one of the highest reported efficiencies for ZnO nanorods-based f-PSC.Furthermore,the ZnO‒ZIF-8 exhibits high adsorption capacity toward lead and traps the mobile Pb^(2+)ions at the ZnO/perovskite interface,preventing the negative impact of lead leaching on environmental sustainability.
文摘Beam-column connections are one of the most critical elements of reinforced concrete structures,especially in seismically active regions,and have been extensively evaluated experimentally and numerically.However,very limited experimental studies about eccentric reinforced concrete connections including the effect of connected slabs are available.This study presents the experimental results of two half-scale eccentric beam-column-slab connections subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading.The horizontal eccentricity(eh)is maintained at 12.5%and 25%of column width(bc)for specimens 1 and 2,respectively.The damage pattern,performance levels,displacement ductility(μD),energy dissipation,and connection strength and stiffness are compared for both specimens,and the effect of eccentricity is evaluated.It is concluded that the eccentricity has no significant effect on the lateral load carrying capacity;however,the overall strength degradation increases with the increase in eccentricity.Similarly,the elastic stiffness of specimen 2 decreased by 14%as the eccentricity increased from 12.5%to 25%;however,the eccentricity had no significant effect on the overall stiffness degradation.μD decreased by 43%,and the energy dissipation capacity decreased by 40%in specimen 2 with higher eccentricity.The story drifts corresponding to the performance levels of the life safety(LS)and collapse prevention(CP)were found to be 28%lesser in specimen 2 than in specimen 1.
