The modification of the perovskite surface using functional additives is one of the most promising strategies to reduce nonradiative recombination and improve the stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).In this work...The modification of the perovskite surface using functional additives is one of the most promising strategies to reduce nonradiative recombination and improve the stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).In this work,a novel quaternary pyridinium-based halide salt,1-ethyl-4-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridinium iodide(EMCP-I),is introduced as an effective post-treatment molecule to improve the quality of the perovskite film.EMCP-I exhibits dual functionality to passivate both negatively and positively charged defects and improve the film morphology.Furthermore,the treatment fine-tunes energy level alignment between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer(HTL),facilitating more efficient charge transport.Consequently,EMCP-I-treated devices achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)improvement from 20.5% to 22.6%,driven primarily by an enhanced open-circuit voltage(VOC).Beyond efficiency gains,the treatment significantly enhances the environmental and operational stabilities of solar cells.This work provides a guide for tailoring quaternary pyridinium-based molecules for simultaneous improvement of the efficiency and stability of PSCs.展开更多
Neonatal mortality is of global concern, it is the death in the first month of life. According to WHO, 2.4 million children died globally in the first month of life2. Globally the neonatal mortality rate declined slow...Neonatal mortality is of global concern, it is the death in the first month of life. According to WHO, 2.4 million children died globally in the first month of life2. Globally the neonatal mortality rate declined slowly from 28/100 live births in 2000 to 17.9/100 live births in 2019. It is a major challenge for the low socioeconomic group of countries. Most neonatal deaths occurred in south Asia and African countries, in 2019 out of 2.4 million death 81% occurred in the Southeast Asia. Objective: To evaluate and improve cord care practices of mothers to reduce the risk of cord related infections. Methodology: The mixed method will be used in this research, questionnaire is used for data collection, total collected sample is 391. Results: 354 (91.0%) of the 394 patients analyzed obtained prenatal care (ANC) in both traditional and nontraditional settings. Among these, 288 (72.3%) got cord care health education, whereas 106 (27.7%) did not. The overall documentation of the instructions for the use of metabolized spirits alone included 116 (48.9%) teaching institutions and 103 (43.5%) private hospitals. the average results show the age of the baby 1 - 7 days, the average age of the mother is 18 - 25 years. The average education of the mothers is primary. Participation of health centers is average. Most of the participants has 1 child. Conclusion: This research concludes the poor umbilical cord practices and knowledge. Those with information used it better. Raise awareness about umbilical cord care and improper behaviors, including using mentholated balms. Before women leave the hospital, they should learn cord care. Mothers must clean wires. Several healthcare organizations don’t provide cord care instruction, and what they provide isn’t research-based.展开更多
基金financially supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye(TüBITAK)under Project No.119F185the support of the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling at the University of Warsaw(ICM UW)under computational allocation no.g93-1617。
文摘The modification of the perovskite surface using functional additives is one of the most promising strategies to reduce nonradiative recombination and improve the stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).In this work,a novel quaternary pyridinium-based halide salt,1-ethyl-4-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridinium iodide(EMCP-I),is introduced as an effective post-treatment molecule to improve the quality of the perovskite film.EMCP-I exhibits dual functionality to passivate both negatively and positively charged defects and improve the film morphology.Furthermore,the treatment fine-tunes energy level alignment between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer(HTL),facilitating more efficient charge transport.Consequently,EMCP-I-treated devices achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)improvement from 20.5% to 22.6%,driven primarily by an enhanced open-circuit voltage(VOC).Beyond efficiency gains,the treatment significantly enhances the environmental and operational stabilities of solar cells.This work provides a guide for tailoring quaternary pyridinium-based molecules for simultaneous improvement of the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
文摘Neonatal mortality is of global concern, it is the death in the first month of life. According to WHO, 2.4 million children died globally in the first month of life2. Globally the neonatal mortality rate declined slowly from 28/100 live births in 2000 to 17.9/100 live births in 2019. It is a major challenge for the low socioeconomic group of countries. Most neonatal deaths occurred in south Asia and African countries, in 2019 out of 2.4 million death 81% occurred in the Southeast Asia. Objective: To evaluate and improve cord care practices of mothers to reduce the risk of cord related infections. Methodology: The mixed method will be used in this research, questionnaire is used for data collection, total collected sample is 391. Results: 354 (91.0%) of the 394 patients analyzed obtained prenatal care (ANC) in both traditional and nontraditional settings. Among these, 288 (72.3%) got cord care health education, whereas 106 (27.7%) did not. The overall documentation of the instructions for the use of metabolized spirits alone included 116 (48.9%) teaching institutions and 103 (43.5%) private hospitals. the average results show the age of the baby 1 - 7 days, the average age of the mother is 18 - 25 years. The average education of the mothers is primary. Participation of health centers is average. Most of the participants has 1 child. Conclusion: This research concludes the poor umbilical cord practices and knowledge. Those with information used it better. Raise awareness about umbilical cord care and improper behaviors, including using mentholated balms. Before women leave the hospital, they should learn cord care. Mothers must clean wires. Several healthcare organizations don’t provide cord care instruction, and what they provide isn’t research-based.
