The rapidly growing world population,water shortage,and food security are promising problems for sustainable agriculture.Farmers adopt higher irrigation and fertilizer applications to increase crop production resultin...The rapidly growing world population,water shortage,and food security are promising problems for sustainable agriculture.Farmers adopt higher irrigation and fertilizer applications to increase crop production resulting in environmental pollution.This study aimed to identify the long-term effects of intelligent water and fertilizers used in corn yield and soil nutrient status.A series of field experiments were conducted for six years with treatments as:farmer accustomed to fertilization used as control(CON),fertilizer decrement(KF),fertilizer decrement+watersaving irrigation(BMP1);combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation(BMP2),and combined application of controlled-release fertilizer(BMP3).A significant improvement was observed in soil organic matter(14.9%),nitrate nitrogen(106.7%),total phosphorus(23.9%),available phosphorus(26.2%),straw yield(44.8%),and grain yield(54.7%)with BMP2 treatment as compared to CON.The study concludes that integrating chemical and organic fertilizers with water-saving irrigation(BMP2)is a good approach to increasing corn productivity,ensuring water safety and improving soil health.The limitations of the current study include the identification of fertilizer type and its optimum dose,irrigation water type,and geographical position.展开更多
Straw incorporation is a widespread practice to promote agricultural sustainability.However,the potential effects of straw incorporation with the prolonged time on nitrogen(N)runoff loss from paddy fields are not well...Straw incorporation is a widespread practice to promote agricultural sustainability.However,the potential effects of straw incorporation with the prolonged time on nitrogen(N)runoff loss from paddy fields are not well studied.The current study addresses the knowledge gap by assessing the effects of straw incorporation on the processes influencing N runoff patterns and its impacts on crop yield,N uptake,total N(TN),and soil organic matter(SOM).We conducted field experiments with rice(Oryza sativa L.)–wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)rotation,rice–tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)rotation,and double-rice cropping in subtropical China from 2008 to 2012.Each rotation had three N treatments:zero N fertilization(CK),chemical N fertilization(CF),and chemical N fertilization combined with straw incorporation(CFS).The treatment effects were assessed on TN runoff loss,crop yield,N uptake,soil TN stock,and SOM.Results showed that TN runoff was reduced by substituting part of the chemical N fertilizer with straw N in the double rice rotation,while crop N uptake was significantly(P<0.05)decreased due to the lower bioavailability of straw N.In contrast,in both rice–wheat and rice–tobacco rotations,TN runoff in CFS was increased by 0.9–20.2%in the short term when straw N was applied in addition to chemical N,compared to CF.However,TN runoff was reduced by 2.3–19.3%after three years of straw incorporation,suggesting the long-term benefits of straw incorporation on TN loss reduction.Meanwhile,crop N uptake was increased by 0.8–37.3%in the CFS of both rotations.This study demonstrates the challenges in reducing N runoff loss while improving soil fertility by straw incorporation over the short term but highlights the potential of long-term straw incorporation to reduce N loss and improve soil productivity.展开更多
The increasing world population has forced excessive chemical fertilizer and irrigation to complete the global food demand,deteriorating the water quality and nutrient losses.Short-term studies do not compile the evid...The increasing world population has forced excessive chemical fertilizer and irrigation to complete the global food demand,deteriorating the water quality and nutrient losses.Short-term studies do not compile the evidences;therefore,the study aimed to identify the effectiveness of reduced doses of inorganic fertilizer and water-saving practices,hence,a six-year experiment(2015-2020)was conducted in China to address the knowledge gap.The experimental treatments were:farmer accustomed fertilization used as control(525:180:30 kg NPK ha^(-1)),fertilizer decrement(450:150:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)),fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation(450:150:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)),application of organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation(375:120:0 kg NPK ha^(-1)+4.5 tones organic fertilizer ha^(-1)),and application of controlled-release fertilizer(80:120:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)).Each treatment was replicated thrice following a randomized complete block design.The results achieved herein showed that control has the highest losses in the six-year study for total nitrogen(225.97 mg L^(-1)),total soluble nitrogen(121.58 mg L^(-1)),nitrate nitrogen(0.93 mg L^(-1)),total phosphorus(0.57 mg L^(-1)),and total soluble phosphorus(0.57 mg L^(-1))respectively.Reduced fertilizer and water application improved crop nutrient uptake,nitrogen concentration was significantly enhanced with organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation,P concentration was increased with fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation,and K concentration was improved with fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation.Hence,this study concludes that reduced inorganic fertilizer dose combined with water-saving practices is significantly helpful in reducing nutrient leaching losses and improving nutrient uptake and water pollution.Further studies are needed to explore the impacts of reduced fertilization and water-saving irrigation on leaching losses.The benefits at different climatic conditions,soil types,and fertilizer types with application methods are also a research gap.展开更多
Chemical fertilizers have contributed to improving crop production and coping with food safety challenges,but their excessive application in agriculture has resulted in soil and environmental problems.The present stud...Chemical fertilizers have contributed to improving crop production and coping with food safety challenges,but their excessive application in agriculture has resulted in soil and environmental problems.The present study was performed to assess the potential of biostimulants as an alternative to chemical fertilizers.A pot experiment was conducted to examine the response of okra against different biostimulants,including glycine(G.L.),lysine(L.Y.),aspartic acid(A.A.),vitamin B complex(V.B.),and chemical fertilizers(control;C.K.).The results revealed that G.L.and V.B.significantly improved chlorophyll a(12.51%)and chlorophyll b(7.14%)contents in okra leaves compared to C.K.V.B.(44.54%)and A.A.(43.15%)significantly improved the plant’s fresh weight.Plant dry weight was significantly increased with V.B.(66.80%)followed by A.A.(32.05%)and G.L.(13.24%).Total phenolic compounds were significantly improved in okra pods with V.B.(32.56%),followed by A.A.(14.99%).In addition,G.L.(126.74%)significantly improved the protein content,followed by L.Y.(106.55%),V.B.(82.26%),and A.A.(69.28%).Moreover,L.Y.(54.48%)and G.L.(37.46%)also increased the ascorbic acid content in pods.The highest N concentration in okra shoots was observed with V.B.(87.42%),followed by G.L.(68.55%)and L.Y.(59.75%).In addition,A.A.(67.27%)and V.B.(54.55%)improved the N concentration in okra pods compared to C.K.L.Y.(48.30%)significantly improved the total P concentration in the shoot and G.L.improved the P concentration in the pod(12.64%).Although C.K.produced the maximum okra pod fresh weight,biostimulants(V.B.,G.L.,A.A.)also performed well with minimal loss in yield.The study concludes that biostimulants application can significantly affect the plant’s physiological parameters,quality of vegetables,and production.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.U20A20114]the soil N losses in the greenhouse field in the Yellow River Irrigation as affected by the annual changes of groundwater depth[Grant No.41361062].
文摘The rapidly growing world population,water shortage,and food security are promising problems for sustainable agriculture.Farmers adopt higher irrigation and fertilizer applications to increase crop production resulting in environmental pollution.This study aimed to identify the long-term effects of intelligent water and fertilizers used in corn yield and soil nutrient status.A series of field experiments were conducted for six years with treatments as:farmer accustomed to fertilization used as control(CON),fertilizer decrement(KF),fertilizer decrement+watersaving irrigation(BMP1);combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation(BMP2),and combined application of controlled-release fertilizer(BMP3).A significant improvement was observed in soil organic matter(14.9%),nitrate nitrogen(106.7%),total phosphorus(23.9%),available phosphorus(26.2%),straw yield(44.8%),and grain yield(54.7%)with BMP2 treatment as compared to CON.The study concludes that integrating chemical and organic fertilizers with water-saving irrigation(BMP2)is a good approach to increasing corn productivity,ensuring water safety and improving soil health.The limitations of the current study include the identification of fertilizer type and its optimum dose,irrigation water type,and geographical position.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972519)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-33)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2060302-05-956-1)。
文摘Straw incorporation is a widespread practice to promote agricultural sustainability.However,the potential effects of straw incorporation with the prolonged time on nitrogen(N)runoff loss from paddy fields are not well studied.The current study addresses the knowledge gap by assessing the effects of straw incorporation on the processes influencing N runoff patterns and its impacts on crop yield,N uptake,total N(TN),and soil organic matter(SOM).We conducted field experiments with rice(Oryza sativa L.)–wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)rotation,rice–tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)rotation,and double-rice cropping in subtropical China from 2008 to 2012.Each rotation had three N treatments:zero N fertilization(CK),chemical N fertilization(CF),and chemical N fertilization combined with straw incorporation(CFS).The treatment effects were assessed on TN runoff loss,crop yield,N uptake,soil TN stock,and SOM.Results showed that TN runoff was reduced by substituting part of the chemical N fertilizer with straw N in the double rice rotation,while crop N uptake was significantly(P<0.05)decreased due to the lower bioavailability of straw N.In contrast,in both rice–wheat and rice–tobacco rotations,TN runoff in CFS was increased by 0.9–20.2%in the short term when straw N was applied in addition to chemical N,compared to CF.However,TN runoff was reduced by 2.3–19.3%after three years of straw incorporation,suggesting the long-term benefits of straw incorporation on TN loss reduction.Meanwhile,crop N uptake was increased by 0.8–37.3%in the CFS of both rotations.This study demonstrates the challenges in reducing N runoff loss while improving soil fertility by straw incorporation over the short term but highlights the potential of long-term straw incorporation to reduce N loss and improve soil productivity.
基金This study received funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[41361062]National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development[U20A20114]+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[2022AAC03449]Station of Observation and Experiment National Agricultural Environment in Yinchuan,Ningxia,China[NAES091AE18].
文摘The increasing world population has forced excessive chemical fertilizer and irrigation to complete the global food demand,deteriorating the water quality and nutrient losses.Short-term studies do not compile the evidences;therefore,the study aimed to identify the effectiveness of reduced doses of inorganic fertilizer and water-saving practices,hence,a six-year experiment(2015-2020)was conducted in China to address the knowledge gap.The experimental treatments were:farmer accustomed fertilization used as control(525:180:30 kg NPK ha^(-1)),fertilizer decrement(450:150:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)),fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation(450:150:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)),application of organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation(375:120:0 kg NPK ha^(-1)+4.5 tones organic fertilizer ha^(-1)),and application of controlled-release fertilizer(80:120:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)).Each treatment was replicated thrice following a randomized complete block design.The results achieved herein showed that control has the highest losses in the six-year study for total nitrogen(225.97 mg L^(-1)),total soluble nitrogen(121.58 mg L^(-1)),nitrate nitrogen(0.93 mg L^(-1)),total phosphorus(0.57 mg L^(-1)),and total soluble phosphorus(0.57 mg L^(-1))respectively.Reduced fertilizer and water application improved crop nutrient uptake,nitrogen concentration was significantly enhanced with organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation,P concentration was increased with fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation,and K concentration was improved with fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation.Hence,this study concludes that reduced inorganic fertilizer dose combined with water-saving practices is significantly helpful in reducing nutrient leaching losses and improving nutrient uptake and water pollution.Further studies are needed to explore the impacts of reduced fertilization and water-saving irrigation on leaching losses.The benefits at different climatic conditions,soil types,and fertilizer types with application methods are also a research gap.
基金the Researchers Supporting Project(no.RSP2025R218),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Chemical fertilizers have contributed to improving crop production and coping with food safety challenges,but their excessive application in agriculture has resulted in soil and environmental problems.The present study was performed to assess the potential of biostimulants as an alternative to chemical fertilizers.A pot experiment was conducted to examine the response of okra against different biostimulants,including glycine(G.L.),lysine(L.Y.),aspartic acid(A.A.),vitamin B complex(V.B.),and chemical fertilizers(control;C.K.).The results revealed that G.L.and V.B.significantly improved chlorophyll a(12.51%)and chlorophyll b(7.14%)contents in okra leaves compared to C.K.V.B.(44.54%)and A.A.(43.15%)significantly improved the plant’s fresh weight.Plant dry weight was significantly increased with V.B.(66.80%)followed by A.A.(32.05%)and G.L.(13.24%).Total phenolic compounds were significantly improved in okra pods with V.B.(32.56%),followed by A.A.(14.99%).In addition,G.L.(126.74%)significantly improved the protein content,followed by L.Y.(106.55%),V.B.(82.26%),and A.A.(69.28%).Moreover,L.Y.(54.48%)and G.L.(37.46%)also increased the ascorbic acid content in pods.The highest N concentration in okra shoots was observed with V.B.(87.42%),followed by G.L.(68.55%)and L.Y.(59.75%).In addition,A.A.(67.27%)and V.B.(54.55%)improved the N concentration in okra pods compared to C.K.L.Y.(48.30%)significantly improved the total P concentration in the shoot and G.L.improved the P concentration in the pod(12.64%).Although C.K.produced the maximum okra pod fresh weight,biostimulants(V.B.,G.L.,A.A.)also performed well with minimal loss in yield.The study concludes that biostimulants application can significantly affect the plant’s physiological parameters,quality of vegetables,and production.
