The use of constructed wetlands(CWs)is one of the best options to treat wastewater.In CWs,microorganisms play a major role in the degradation of organic pollutants but the concentration of nutrients,surfactant,and aer...The use of constructed wetlands(CWs)is one of the best options to treat wastewater.In CWs,microorganisms play a major role in the degradation of organic pollutants but the concentration of nutrients,surfactant,and aeration(NSA)in oil-contaminated water is one of the factors that affect the persistence and metabolic functioning of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms.In the present investigation,the influence of the addition of NSA on the persistence of the augmented bacteria,copy of(alkane hydroxylase gene)alkB gene,and its expression level in the water,soil,and plants of CWs were evaluated.The CWs mesocosms were developed by the vegetation of Typha latifolia and Cyperus laevigatus and inoculated with the bacterial consortium(Pseudomonas putida TYRI39,Acinetobacter junii TYRH47,Acinetobacter sp.CYRH17,Pseudomonas sp.CYSI27,and Pseudomonas sp.TYRH42).The mesocosms were provided with nutrients(20 mg l−1 N,2.6 mg l−1 P,and 16.4 mg l−1 K)in liquid form,surfactant Tween-20(0.2%,v/v)in liquid form,and aeration(≥7.0±1 mg l−1 DO)using aeration pump.The addition of NSA in CWs enhanced the persistence and metabolic functioning of the inoculated bacteria in the water,rhizospheric soil,and plants.The maximum hydrocarbon removal(97%)was observed in the water treated by CWs having C.laevigatus,bacteria,and NSA,and it is correlated with the copy numbers of alkB and its expression level.The application of NSA in CWs not only improved bacterial persistence and catabolic gene expression but also increased plant development and hydrocarbon removal.展开更多
This article presents advancements in an analytical mode-matching technique for studying electromagnetic wave propagation in a parallel-plate metallic rectangular waveguide.This technique involves projecting the solut...This article presents advancements in an analytical mode-matching technique for studying electromagnetic wave propagation in a parallel-plate metallic rectangular waveguide.This technique involves projecting the solution onto basis functions and solving linear algebraic systems to determine scattering amplitudes.The accuracy of this method is validated via numerical assessments,which involve the reconstruction of matching conditions and conservation laws.The study highlights the impact of geometric and material variations on reflection and transmission phenomena in the waveguide.展开更多
This study analyzes the scattering of electromagnetic waves in a cold and uniform plasma-filled waveguide driven by an intense relativistic plasma beam under a strong magnetic field.The strong interaction of plasma wi...This study analyzes the scattering of electromagnetic waves in a cold and uniform plasma-filled waveguide driven by an intense relativistic plasma beam under a strong magnetic field.The strong interaction of plasma with electromagnetic waves enables its potential use in different types of waveguides.The Helmholtz equation governs the boundary value problem,which is solved by incorporating the mode matching technique.Invoking the boundary and matching conditions and the derived orthogonality and dispersion relations in this scheme gives an exact solution to the scattering problem.The numerical results shed light on the occurrence of reflection and transmission and flow of power.The power flux is plotted against angular frequency and various duct configurations.The solution is completely validated through the benefit of analytical and numerical results.The investigation of this structure reveals not only its mathematical,but also its physical features.展开更多
Mixed ionic-electronic conductors(MIECs)play a crucial role in the landscape of energy conversion and storage technologies,with a pronounced focus on electrode materials’application in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)an...Mixed ionic-electronic conductors(MIECs)play a crucial role in the landscape of energy conversion and storage technologies,with a pronounced focus on electrode materials’application in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and proton-conducting ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs).In parallel,the emergence of semiconductor ionic materials(SIMs)has introduced a new paradigm in the field of functional materials,particularly for both electrode and electrolyte development for low-temperature,300–550℃,SOFCs,and PCFCs.This review article critically delves into the intricate mechanisms underpinning the synergistic relationship between MIECs and SIMs,with a particular emphasis on elucidating the fundamental working principles of semiconductor ionic membrane fuel cells(SIMFCs).By exploring critical facets such as ion-coupled electron transfer/transport,junction effect,energy bands alignment,and theoretical computations,it casts an illuminating spotlight on the transformative potential of MIECs,also involving triple charge conducting oxides(TCOs)in the context of SIMs and advanced fuel cells(FCs).The insights and findings articulated herein contribute substantially to the advancement of SIMs and SIMFCs by tailoring MIECs(TCOs)as promising avenues toward the emergence of high-performance SIMFCs.This scientific quest not only addresses the insistent challenges surrounding efficient charge transfer,ionic transport and power output but also unlocks the profound potential for the widespread commercialization of FC technology.展开更多
In this study,the application of medium-and high-entropy(Mo Ta)_(x)Nb Ti Zr alloys in biomedical implants was systematically analyzed.The alloy with the best combination of mechanical properties was selected and chara...In this study,the application of medium-and high-entropy(Mo Ta)_(x)Nb Ti Zr alloys in biomedical implants was systematically analyzed.The alloy with the best combination of mechanical properties was selected and characterized for in vitro and in vivo response for the first time to examine its biomedical properties.A logarithmic increase in the hardness and the yield strength was observed as a function of the Mo and Ta content.Alloys with up to 0.4 mol fraction of Mo and Ta showed a plastic strain of more than 30%under compression.The nanoindentation results showed that the addition of Mo and Ta increased the elastic modulus of the system linearly.It was surmised that the addition of Ta and Mo above a critical concentration(mole fraction=0.4)was unfavorable from a biomedical perspective as it increased the brittleness and elastic modulus and decreased the ductility of the system.Therefore,the(Mo Ta)_(0.2)Nb Ti Zr alloy is a potential structural material for biomedical implants because of its excellent strength and ductility.The developed alloy was investigated for its corrosion properties and compared with commercial biomedical alloys.Furthermore,the biocompatibility of the alloy was examined using an in vivo examination.The alloy was implanted in the skeletal muscles of mice for four weeks and the histology of the surrounding tissue was studied.The alloy exhibited strong passive behavior in a phosphate buffer solution and non-toxic soft tissue response.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the anxiolytic activity of newly isolated compound by our lab called ursolic acid stearoyl glucoside(UASG) from the leaves of Lantana camam(L camam).Methods: Column chromatography was used to ...Objective:To investigate the anxiolytic activity of newly isolated compound by our lab called ursolic acid stearoyl glucoside(UASG) from the leaves of Lantana camam(L camam).Methods: Column chromatography was used to isolate UASG.Anxiolytic potential was experimentally proved and demonstrated through Elevated plus-maze,Open field and light and dark test. Results:The UASG showed marked increased in time spent(%) and number of frequent movements made by animals in open arm of elevated plus-maze apparatus.In light and dark model,UASG produced marked increase in time spent by animal,number of crossing and reduced duration of immobility in light box.Conclusions:UASG showed significant increase in number of rearing,assisted rearing and number of square crossed in open field established test model.UASG showed its anxiolytic effect in dose dependent manner.展开更多
Food security is a human right,within a global context by aligning the opportunities to eliminate poverty,to attain the peace,the rational and implications of sustainable use and judicious management of natural resour...Food security is a human right,within a global context by aligning the opportunities to eliminate poverty,to attain the peace,the rational and implications of sustainable use and judicious management of natural resources,are the road map,to combat the disasters.The prevailing International tension with respect to climate change suggests that the food security can be achieved by penetrating,in depth,the agricultural research.Pakistan is under threat to展开更多
The combined use of plants and bacteria is a promising approach for the remediation of soil contaminated with organic pollutants. Different biotic and abiotie factors can affect the survival and activity of the applie...The combined use of plants and bacteria is a promising approach for the remediation of soil contaminated with organic pollutants. Different biotic and abiotie factors can affect the survival and activity of the applied bacteria and consequently plant growth and phy- toremediation efficiency. The effect of inoculum density on the abundance and expression of alkune-degrading genes in the rhizosphere of plant vegetated in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil has been rarely observed. In this study, an alkane-degrading bacterium （Pantoea sp. strain BTRH79）, at different inoculum densities （10^5 to 10^8 cells cm^-3 soil）, was inoculated to ryegrass （Lolium perenne） vegetated in diesel-contaminated soil to find the optimum inoculum density needed for its efficient colonization and hydrocarbon degradation activity. Bacterial inoculation improved plant growth and hydrocarbon degradation. Maximum plant growth and hydrocarbon degra- dation were observed with the inoculum having the highest cell density （10^8 cells cm^-3 soil）. Moreover, the inoculum with higher cell density exhibited more abundance and expression of alkane hydroxylase gene, CYP153. This study suggests that the inoculum density is one of the main factors that can affect bacterial colonization and activity during phytoremediation.展开更多
Advances in technology are enabling gene mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)to be analyzed and clinical outcomes,such as recurrence,to be predicted.To date,the most common genetic mutation in PTC is in BRAF ...Advances in technology are enabling gene mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)to be analyzed and clinical outcomes,such as recurrence,to be predicted.To date,the most common genetic mutation in PTC is in BRAF kinase(BRAF).However,whether mutations in other genes coincide with those in BRAF remains to be clarified.The aim of this study was to find mutations in other genes that co-exist with mutated BRAF,and to analyze their frequency and clinical relevance in PTC.Clinical and genetic data were collected from 213 PTC patients with a total of 36,572 mutation sites in 735 genes.After matching with genes from PTC entries in a global database(NCBI Gene),69 genes with mutations in coding regions were chosen for further study.Through frequency-based analysis,we identified commonly mutated genes co-existing with mutated BRAF and,using the mutation count correlation matrix(MCCM)method,analyzed their incidence according to age and gender.We designed Chord diagrams to reveal gene relationships concerning age and gender,and found that mutations in ALK,ATM,COL1A1,MSTIR,PRKCA,and WNK1 most commonly coincide with mutated BRAF,followed by APC,AURKA,and AURKB.These findings provide further insight into the genetic profile of PTC.展开更多
The current study reports the outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in the small ruminant population of Pakistan. The objectives were to understand the clinical picture of disease under field conditions, estim...The current study reports the outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in the small ruminant population of Pakistan. The objectives were to understand the clinical picture of disease under field conditions, estimate the basic epidemiological parameters for the local population of small ruminants and to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of PPR during 2005 to 2007 in Pakistan. A total of 62 outbreaks were investigated among sheep and goat flocks in the five provinces of Pakistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK). The PPR virus activity in these outbreaks was demonstrated by clinical picture and presence of PPR virus specific antibodies by employing cELISA. The combined estimates of mean cumulative morbidity and mortality for sheep and goats were estimated 65.37% and 26.51% respectively with a case fatality of 40.40%. The species specific mean cumulative morbidity, mortality and case fatality for goats were 68.80%, 29.45% and 42.75% respectively, while these estimates for sheep were 48.77%, 14.98% and of 26.16% respectively. These estimates for goats were significantly higher (P < 0.001 to P = 0.001) than those for sheep. It was concluded that PPR is wide spread throughout the country and epidemiological picture suggest that disease has established as an endemic infection in the country.展开更多
The present study reports the duration of immunity and protective efficacy of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine (Nigerian strain 75/1) in sheep and goats. A total of 105 sheep and goats were divided into three ...The present study reports the duration of immunity and protective efficacy of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine (Nigerian strain 75/1) in sheep and goats. A total of 105 sheep and goats were divided into three groups A, B and C. Group A received normal recommended dose (1.0 ml) of PPR vaccine, group B received half dose (0.5 ml) of PPR vaccine and group C was kept as unvaccinated control group in contact with vaccinated animals. The post vaccination dynamics of antibodies against PPR virus was studied. It was found that significant antibody titres persisted for 3 years post vaccination in sheep and goats vaccinated with either full dose or half dose of PPR vaccine. The challenge protection studies were carried out in experimental animals at 24 and 36 month post vaccination. The vaccinates withstood challenge and were found completely resistant clinically and virologically to virulent PPR virus for 24 and 36 months post vaccination. The unvaccinated control animals developed typical clinical signs of PPR and the challenged virus was detected in ocular, nasal and oral secretions of these animals. This study demonstrated that a single immunization with PPR vaccine conferred solid protection in sheep and goats for 3 years.展开更多
The plant hormone ethylene regulates plant growth,development,and stress responses.Recent studies on early signaling events following ethylene perception in rice(Oryza sativa)have identified MAO HU ZI 3(MHZ3)as a stab...The plant hormone ethylene regulates plant growth,development,and stress responses.Recent studies on early signaling events following ethylene perception in rice(Oryza sativa)have identified MAO HU ZI 3(MHZ3)as a stabilizer of the ethylene receptors ETHYLENE RESPONSE SENSOR 2(OsERS2)and ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 2(OsETR2).MHZ3 ensures the interaction of these receptors with CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 2(OsCTR2),thereby maintaining OsCTR2 activity.Ethylene treatment disrupts the interactions within the MHZ3/receptors/OsCTR2 protein complex,leading to decreased OsCTR2 phosphorylation and the initiation of downstream signaling.Recent studies have established MHZ3 as the primary regulator and switch for OsCTR2 phosphorylation.In this review,we explore the role of MHZ3 in regulating ethylene signaling and highlight its effects on plant growth,development,and stress responses at the plant holobiont level.展开更多
Antibacterial resistance among uro-pathogens has become a global issue for bacterial infection treatment.The antibacterial activity of various plant extracts and silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)derived from medicinal plant...Antibacterial resistance among uro-pathogens has become a global issue for bacterial infection treatment.The antibacterial activity of various plant extracts and silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)derived from medicinal plant extract was evaluated against different drug-resistant uro-pathogens isolated from clinical patients by Agar Well Diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC)assays.A total of 100 urine samples were collected from patients admitted to the hospital followed by the identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Proteus mirabilis,Enterobacter aerogenes,and Klebsiella pneumonia through colony morphology,gram staining,and biochemical characterization.All isolates were highly resistant to all the tested drugs except Amikacin,Gentamicin,and Imipenem.Organic extracts of clove have potent antibacterial activity against all drug-resistant isolates.Interestingly P.aeruginosa was sensitive to all inorganic extracts.These results revealed that the organic extracts of medicinal plants showed more consistent antimicrobial activity compared to their aqueous fraction.Furthermore,the green synthesis of AgNPs derived from clove extract showed strong activity against all tested pathogens followed by green synthesis of AgNPs derived from garlic,ginger,kalwonji,turmeric,and thymus extract respectively compared to medicinal plant extract.Moreover,MIC results showed that AgNPs derived from medicinal plant extract indicate higher efficiency in inhibiting bacterial growth than the medicinal plant extract.The current finding shows that AgNPs derived from plant extract can be recommended as a good alternative for treating the resistant uro-pathogens strains as compared to synthetic drugs and will be considered an attractive candidate for future biological applications.展开更多
The Asian citrus psyllid （ACP） Diaphorina citri Kuwayama vectors pathogens that cause huanglongbing （HLB） or citrus greening devastating and economically im- portant disease present in most citrus growing regions....The Asian citrus psyllid （ACP） Diaphorina citri Kuwayama vectors pathogens that cause huanglongbing （HLB） or citrus greening devastating and economically im- portant disease present in most citrus growing regions. Young citrus shoots are required for psyllid reproduction and development. During winter citrus trees produce little or no new growth. Overwintering adults reproduce in spring on newly emerging shoots also attractive to other pests and beneficial insects. Botanicals and relatively selective insecti- cides could help to conserve beneficial insects and reduce pest resistance to insecticides. Sprays of Azadirachtin （Neem）, Tropane （Datura）, Spirotetramat, Spinetoram, and broad- spectrum Imidacloprid were evaluated to control ACP in spring and summer on 10-year-old ＂Kinow＂ Citrus reticulata Blanco trees producing new growth. Psyllid populations were high averaging 5-9 nymphs or adults per sample before treatment application. Nymphs or adults were significantly reduced to 0.5-1.5 per sample in all treatments for 3 weeks, aver- age 61%-83% reduction. No significant reduction in ladybeetles Adalia bipunctata, Ane- glei scardoni, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, and Coccinella septempunctata was observed. Syrphids, spiders and green lacewings were reduced in treated trees except with Tropane. Studies are warranted to assess impact of these predators on ACP and interaction with insecticides. Observed reduction in ACP populations may not be enough considering its reproductive potential and role in the spread of HLB. Follow-up sprays may be required to achieve additional suppression using rotations of different insecticides.展开更多
Diapause is an adaptation that insects have evolved to synchronize their life cycle with that of seasonal climatic changes and resources availability.However,cues for its induction are not always clear and,in some cas...Diapause is an adaptation that insects have evolved to synchronize their life cycle with that of seasonal climatic changes and resources availability.However,cues for its induction are not always clear and,in some cases,a maternal effect may be involved.At the population level,just a part of the individuals may exhibit diapause with important consequences in terms of winter survival.Moreover,clear indicators of diapause state are difficult to identify.Diapause induction was thus investigated in the aphid parasitoid species Aphidius ervi Haliday(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)developing in the aphid Sitobion avenae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)at four crossed photothermal regimes(16℃and 8℃,16:8 h L:D and 8:16 h L:D),and during 2 successive generations.We analyzed the reliability of changes in mummy color to assess for the diapausing state compared to dissections,and we measured parasitoid morphological and physiological traits.We observed that the proportion of dark brown mummies increased after one generation under low photothermal regime compared to other regimes.No diapause was recorded at 16℃,16:8 h L:D,while we observed 16.2%and 67.5%diapause incidence at 8℃,8:16 h L:D,at 1st and 2nd generation,respectively.Diapause induction is thus increased by short day-length conditions and low temperatures as well as by maternal effects.All parasitoid life-history traits(weight,size,fat content,water content,egg-load,and longevity)were affected by the photothermal regime and/or the generation.These results raise new questions on the environmental thresholds needed to induce diapause and on survival and adaptation potential of commercially available parasitoid strains in different environments.展开更多
基金the Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP2024R437)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi ArabiaThe authors are thankful to the Higher Education Commission(HEC)for the grant of IRSIP Fellowship to the lead author for research at Aarhus University Denmark and ALP Pakistan Agriculture Research Council(PARC)grant No.NR-086.
文摘The use of constructed wetlands(CWs)is one of the best options to treat wastewater.In CWs,microorganisms play a major role in the degradation of organic pollutants but the concentration of nutrients,surfactant,and aeration(NSA)in oil-contaminated water is one of the factors that affect the persistence and metabolic functioning of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms.In the present investigation,the influence of the addition of NSA on the persistence of the augmented bacteria,copy of(alkane hydroxylase gene)alkB gene,and its expression level in the water,soil,and plants of CWs were evaluated.The CWs mesocosms were developed by the vegetation of Typha latifolia and Cyperus laevigatus and inoculated with the bacterial consortium(Pseudomonas putida TYRI39,Acinetobacter junii TYRH47,Acinetobacter sp.CYRH17,Pseudomonas sp.CYSI27,and Pseudomonas sp.TYRH42).The mesocosms were provided with nutrients(20 mg l−1 N,2.6 mg l−1 P,and 16.4 mg l−1 K)in liquid form,surfactant Tween-20(0.2%,v/v)in liquid form,and aeration(≥7.0±1 mg l−1 DO)using aeration pump.The addition of NSA in CWs enhanced the persistence and metabolic functioning of the inoculated bacteria in the water,rhizospheric soil,and plants.The maximum hydrocarbon removal(97%)was observed in the water treated by CWs having C.laevigatus,bacteria,and NSA,and it is correlated with the copy numbers of alkB and its expression level.The application of NSA in CWs not only improved bacterial persistence and catabolic gene expression but also increased plant development and hydrocarbon removal.
文摘This article presents advancements in an analytical mode-matching technique for studying electromagnetic wave propagation in a parallel-plate metallic rectangular waveguide.This technique involves projecting the solution onto basis functions and solving linear algebraic systems to determine scattering amplitudes.The accuracy of this method is validated via numerical assessments,which involve the reconstruction of matching conditions and conservation laws.The study highlights the impact of geometric and material variations on reflection and transmission phenomena in the waveguide.
文摘This study analyzes the scattering of electromagnetic waves in a cold and uniform plasma-filled waveguide driven by an intense relativistic plasma beam under a strong magnetic field.The strong interaction of plasma with electromagnetic waves enables its potential use in different types of waveguides.The Helmholtz equation governs the boundary value problem,which is solved by incorporating the mode matching technique.Invoking the boundary and matching conditions and the derived orthogonality and dispersion relations in this scheme gives an exact solution to the scattering problem.The numerical results shed light on the occurrence of reflection and transmission and flow of power.The power flux is plotted against angular frequency and various duct configurations.The solution is completely validated through the benefit of analytical and numerical results.The investigation of this structure reveals not only its mathematical,but also its physical features.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province under Grant(BE2022029)Jiangsu Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Program(JSSCRC2021491)+3 种基金Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of Shaanxi Province(2019KWZ-03)Key Program for Nature Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2019JZ-20)Key Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2022TD-34)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant(IS23050)is greatly acknowledged.
文摘Mixed ionic-electronic conductors(MIECs)play a crucial role in the landscape of energy conversion and storage technologies,with a pronounced focus on electrode materials’application in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and proton-conducting ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs).In parallel,the emergence of semiconductor ionic materials(SIMs)has introduced a new paradigm in the field of functional materials,particularly for both electrode and electrolyte development for low-temperature,300–550℃,SOFCs,and PCFCs.This review article critically delves into the intricate mechanisms underpinning the synergistic relationship between MIECs and SIMs,with a particular emphasis on elucidating the fundamental working principles of semiconductor ionic membrane fuel cells(SIMFCs).By exploring critical facets such as ion-coupled electron transfer/transport,junction effect,energy bands alignment,and theoretical computations,it casts an illuminating spotlight on the transformative potential of MIECs,also involving triple charge conducting oxides(TCOs)in the context of SIMs and advanced fuel cells(FCs).The insights and findings articulated herein contribute substantially to the advancement of SIMs and SIMFCs by tailoring MIECs(TCOs)as promising avenues toward the emergence of high-performance SIMFCs.This scientific quest not only addresses the insistent challenges surrounding efficient charge transfer,ionic transport and power output but also unlocks the profound potential for the widespread commercialization of FC technology.
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2020R1A5A6017701,NRF2015R1A2A2A01002436)。
文摘In this study,the application of medium-and high-entropy(Mo Ta)_(x)Nb Ti Zr alloys in biomedical implants was systematically analyzed.The alloy with the best combination of mechanical properties was selected and characterized for in vitro and in vivo response for the first time to examine its biomedical properties.A logarithmic increase in the hardness and the yield strength was observed as a function of the Mo and Ta content.Alloys with up to 0.4 mol fraction of Mo and Ta showed a plastic strain of more than 30%under compression.The nanoindentation results showed that the addition of Mo and Ta increased the elastic modulus of the system linearly.It was surmised that the addition of Ta and Mo above a critical concentration(mole fraction=0.4)was unfavorable from a biomedical perspective as it increased the brittleness and elastic modulus and decreased the ductility of the system.Therefore,the(Mo Ta)_(0.2)Nb Ti Zr alloy is a potential structural material for biomedical implants because of its excellent strength and ductility.The developed alloy was investigated for its corrosion properties and compared with commercial biomedical alloys.Furthermore,the biocompatibility of the alloy was examined using an in vivo examination.The alloy was implanted in the skeletal muscles of mice for four weeks and the histology of the surrounding tissue was studied.The alloy exhibited strong passive behavior in a phosphate buffer solution and non-toxic soft tissue response.
文摘Objective:To investigate the anxiolytic activity of newly isolated compound by our lab called ursolic acid stearoyl glucoside(UASG) from the leaves of Lantana camam(L camam).Methods: Column chromatography was used to isolate UASG.Anxiolytic potential was experimentally proved and demonstrated through Elevated plus-maze,Open field and light and dark test. Results:The UASG showed marked increased in time spent(%) and number of frequent movements made by animals in open arm of elevated plus-maze apparatus.In light and dark model,UASG produced marked increase in time spent by animal,number of crossing and reduced duration of immobility in light box.Conclusions:UASG showed significant increase in number of rearing,assisted rearing and number of square crossed in open field established test model.UASG showed its anxiolytic effect in dose dependent manner.
文摘Food security is a human right,within a global context by aligning the opportunities to eliminate poverty,to attain the peace,the rational and implications of sustainable use and judicious management of natural resources,are the road map,to combat the disasters.The prevailing International tension with respect to climate change suggests that the food security can be achieved by penetrating,in depth,the agricultural research.Pakistan is under threat to
基金supported by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan (No. 20-2011-1997)
文摘The combined use of plants and bacteria is a promising approach for the remediation of soil contaminated with organic pollutants. Different biotic and abiotie factors can affect the survival and activity of the applied bacteria and consequently plant growth and phy- toremediation efficiency. The effect of inoculum density on the abundance and expression of alkune-degrading genes in the rhizosphere of plant vegetated in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil has been rarely observed. In this study, an alkane-degrading bacterium （Pantoea sp. strain BTRH79）, at different inoculum densities （10^5 to 10^8 cells cm^-3 soil）, was inoculated to ryegrass （Lolium perenne） vegetated in diesel-contaminated soil to find the optimum inoculum density needed for its efficient colonization and hydrocarbon degradation activity. Bacterial inoculation improved plant growth and hydrocarbon degradation. Maximum plant growth and hydrocarbon degra- dation were observed with the inoculum having the highest cell density （10^8 cells cm^-3 soil）. Moreover, the inoculum with higher cell density exhibited more abundance and expression of alkane hydroxylase gene, CYP153. This study suggests that the inoculum density is one of the main factors that can affect bacterial colonization and activity during phytoremediation.
基金supported by Grant No.02-2015-015 from the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital research fund.The funders had no role in the design of the studythe collection,analyses,or interpretation of the data+1 种基金the writing of the manuscriptor the decision to publish the results.
文摘Advances in technology are enabling gene mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)to be analyzed and clinical outcomes,such as recurrence,to be predicted.To date,the most common genetic mutation in PTC is in BRAF kinase(BRAF).However,whether mutations in other genes coincide with those in BRAF remains to be clarified.The aim of this study was to find mutations in other genes that co-exist with mutated BRAF,and to analyze their frequency and clinical relevance in PTC.Clinical and genetic data were collected from 213 PTC patients with a total of 36,572 mutation sites in 735 genes.After matching with genes from PTC entries in a global database(NCBI Gene),69 genes with mutations in coding regions were chosen for further study.Through frequency-based analysis,we identified commonly mutated genes co-existing with mutated BRAF and,using the mutation count correlation matrix(MCCM)method,analyzed their incidence according to age and gender.We designed Chord diagrams to reveal gene relationships concerning age and gender,and found that mutations in ALK,ATM,COL1A1,MSTIR,PRKCA,and WNK1 most commonly coincide with mutated BRAF,followed by APC,AURKA,and AURKB.These findings provide further insight into the genetic profile of PTC.
文摘The current study reports the outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in the small ruminant population of Pakistan. The objectives were to understand the clinical picture of disease under field conditions, estimate the basic epidemiological parameters for the local population of small ruminants and to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of PPR during 2005 to 2007 in Pakistan. A total of 62 outbreaks were investigated among sheep and goat flocks in the five provinces of Pakistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK). The PPR virus activity in these outbreaks was demonstrated by clinical picture and presence of PPR virus specific antibodies by employing cELISA. The combined estimates of mean cumulative morbidity and mortality for sheep and goats were estimated 65.37% and 26.51% respectively with a case fatality of 40.40%. The species specific mean cumulative morbidity, mortality and case fatality for goats were 68.80%, 29.45% and 42.75% respectively, while these estimates for sheep were 48.77%, 14.98% and of 26.16% respectively. These estimates for goats were significantly higher (P < 0.001 to P = 0.001) than those for sheep. It was concluded that PPR is wide spread throughout the country and epidemiological picture suggest that disease has established as an endemic infection in the country.
文摘The present study reports the duration of immunity and protective efficacy of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine (Nigerian strain 75/1) in sheep and goats. A total of 105 sheep and goats were divided into three groups A, B and C. Group A received normal recommended dose (1.0 ml) of PPR vaccine, group B received half dose (0.5 ml) of PPR vaccine and group C was kept as unvaccinated control group in contact with vaccinated animals. The post vaccination dynamics of antibodies against PPR virus was studied. It was found that significant antibody titres persisted for 3 years post vaccination in sheep and goats vaccinated with either full dose or half dose of PPR vaccine. The challenge protection studies were carried out in experimental animals at 24 and 36 month post vaccination. The vaccinates withstood challenge and were found completely resistant clinically and virologically to virulent PPR virus for 24 and 36 months post vaccination. The unvaccinated control animals developed typical clinical signs of PPR and the challenged virus was detected in ocular, nasal and oral secretions of these animals. This study demonstrated that a single immunization with PPR vaccine conferred solid protection in sheep and goats for 3 years.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 32100227 and 32370016)a Funding from Joint Open Project from Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China and Industrial College of South China Agricultural University-Lardmee Technology Group(grant KLERUECSCMARAC202302).
文摘The plant hormone ethylene regulates plant growth,development,and stress responses.Recent studies on early signaling events following ethylene perception in rice(Oryza sativa)have identified MAO HU ZI 3(MHZ3)as a stabilizer of the ethylene receptors ETHYLENE RESPONSE SENSOR 2(OsERS2)and ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 2(OsETR2).MHZ3 ensures the interaction of these receptors with CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 2(OsCTR2),thereby maintaining OsCTR2 activity.Ethylene treatment disrupts the interactions within the MHZ3/receptors/OsCTR2 protein complex,leading to decreased OsCTR2 phosphorylation and the initiation of downstream signaling.Recent studies have established MHZ3 as the primary regulator and switch for OsCTR2 phosphorylation.In this review,we explore the role of MHZ3 in regulating ethylene signaling and highlight its effects on plant growth,development,and stress responses at the plant holobiont level.
文摘Antibacterial resistance among uro-pathogens has become a global issue for bacterial infection treatment.The antibacterial activity of various plant extracts and silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)derived from medicinal plant extract was evaluated against different drug-resistant uro-pathogens isolated from clinical patients by Agar Well Diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC)assays.A total of 100 urine samples were collected from patients admitted to the hospital followed by the identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Proteus mirabilis,Enterobacter aerogenes,and Klebsiella pneumonia through colony morphology,gram staining,and biochemical characterization.All isolates were highly resistant to all the tested drugs except Amikacin,Gentamicin,and Imipenem.Organic extracts of clove have potent antibacterial activity against all drug-resistant isolates.Interestingly P.aeruginosa was sensitive to all inorganic extracts.These results revealed that the organic extracts of medicinal plants showed more consistent antimicrobial activity compared to their aqueous fraction.Furthermore,the green synthesis of AgNPs derived from clove extract showed strong activity against all tested pathogens followed by green synthesis of AgNPs derived from garlic,ginger,kalwonji,turmeric,and thymus extract respectively compared to medicinal plant extract.Moreover,MIC results showed that AgNPs derived from medicinal plant extract indicate higher efficiency in inhibiting bacterial growth than the medicinal plant extract.The current finding shows that AgNPs derived from plant extract can be recommended as a good alternative for treating the resistant uro-pathogens strains as compared to synthetic drugs and will be considered an attractive candidate for future biological applications.
文摘The Asian citrus psyllid （ACP） Diaphorina citri Kuwayama vectors pathogens that cause huanglongbing （HLB） or citrus greening devastating and economically im- portant disease present in most citrus growing regions. Young citrus shoots are required for psyllid reproduction and development. During winter citrus trees produce little or no new growth. Overwintering adults reproduce in spring on newly emerging shoots also attractive to other pests and beneficial insects. Botanicals and relatively selective insecti- cides could help to conserve beneficial insects and reduce pest resistance to insecticides. Sprays of Azadirachtin （Neem）, Tropane （Datura）, Spirotetramat, Spinetoram, and broad- spectrum Imidacloprid were evaluated to control ACP in spring and summer on 10-year-old ＂Kinow＂ Citrus reticulata Blanco trees producing new growth. Psyllid populations were high averaging 5-9 nymphs or adults per sample before treatment application. Nymphs or adults were significantly reduced to 0.5-1.5 per sample in all treatments for 3 weeks, aver- age 61%-83% reduction. No significant reduction in ladybeetles Adalia bipunctata, Ane- glei scardoni, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, and Coccinella septempunctata was observed. Syrphids, spiders and green lacewings were reduced in treated trees except with Tropane. Studies are warranted to assess impact of these predators on ACP and interaction with insecticides. Observed reduction in ACP populations may not be enough considering its reproductive potential and role in the spread of HLB. Follow-up sprays may be required to achieve additional suppression using rotations of different insecticides.
文摘Diapause is an adaptation that insects have evolved to synchronize their life cycle with that of seasonal climatic changes and resources availability.However,cues for its induction are not always clear and,in some cases,a maternal effect may be involved.At the population level,just a part of the individuals may exhibit diapause with important consequences in terms of winter survival.Moreover,clear indicators of diapause state are difficult to identify.Diapause induction was thus investigated in the aphid parasitoid species Aphidius ervi Haliday(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)developing in the aphid Sitobion avenae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)at four crossed photothermal regimes(16℃and 8℃,16:8 h L:D and 8:16 h L:D),and during 2 successive generations.We analyzed the reliability of changes in mummy color to assess for the diapausing state compared to dissections,and we measured parasitoid morphological and physiological traits.We observed that the proportion of dark brown mummies increased after one generation under low photothermal regime compared to other regimes.No diapause was recorded at 16℃,16:8 h L:D,while we observed 16.2%and 67.5%diapause incidence at 8℃,8:16 h L:D,at 1st and 2nd generation,respectively.Diapause induction is thus increased by short day-length conditions and low temperatures as well as by maternal effects.All parasitoid life-history traits(weight,size,fat content,water content,egg-load,and longevity)were affected by the photothermal regime and/or the generation.These results raise new questions on the environmental thresholds needed to induce diapause and on survival and adaptation potential of commercially available parasitoid strains in different environments.
