Isothiocyanates(ITCs)are an important class of organic compounds characterized by the functional group R-N=C=S.These functional groups are widely found in multiple natural products and pharmaceutical important drugs.M...Isothiocyanates(ITCs)are an important class of organic compounds characterized by the functional group R-N=C=S.These functional groups are widely found in multiple natural products and pharmaceutical important drugs.Moreover,due to their high and versatile reactivity,they are widely used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.Keeping in view ITCs importance,this review summarizes their synthesis from nitrogen rich raw materials like amines,isocyanides,azides and some other compounds like oximes.Besides their synthesis,their application in organic compound synthesis as an intermediate will also be covered.Future research will likely focus on optimizing the synthesis of multifunctional isothiocyanates,understanding their complex biological mechanisms,exploring new applications,and highlighting the continued importance of isothiocyanates in modern chemistry and biotechnology.展开更多
In the current study, the expression of the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene (KRAS) in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) was examined for its medical and therapeutic relevance. ESCA has a 20% five-year survival rate, plac...In the current study, the expression of the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene (KRAS) in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) was examined for its medical and therapeutic relevance. ESCA has a 20% five-year survival rate, placing it seventh in the world in terms of overall rate of mortality. GEPIA2, UALCAN, OncoDB, cBioPortal, STRING, DAVID, and TIMER2 databases are among the bioinformatics tools used to conduct this investigation. According to the analysis, KRAS was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in ESCA samples in contrast to normal tissues, demonstrating that it might play an active role in the proliferation of malignancies. Additionally, the study based on several clinicopathological features showed that KRAS were significantly up-regulated. ESCA patients had a worse overall survival rate (OS) as KRAS was significantly overexpressed. Besides this, the study carried out analyses of drug sensitivity, enrichment, and promoter methylation to inquire about their relationships to KRAS expression in ESCA. The KRAS mutation was demonstrated to have a significant impact on the progression of ESCA via the genetic changes that were observed using cBioPortal. In conclusion, the comprehensive analysis of the findings emphasizes the significance of KRAS up-regulation in the development of ESCA and its potential as a potential biomarker.展开更多
This study aims to explore the potential of ESR1 as a biomarker in breast cancer(BRCA)using bioinformatics analysis tools.The up-regulation of ESR1 expression in BRCA was investigated using UALCAN and GEPIA2,illustrat...This study aims to explore the potential of ESR1 as a biomarker in breast cancer(BRCA)using bioinformatics analysis tools.The up-regulation of ESR1 expression in BRCA was investigated using UALCAN and GEPIA2,illustrating its role in BRCA progression.Furthermore,analyses based on various variables such as gender,age,race,and pathological stages of BRCA patients revealed a consistent up-regulation of ESR1,emphasizing its role in the development and progression of BRCA.Additionally,an analysis of ESR1 promoter methylation levels across various parameters revealed hypomethylation,affirming the inverse correlation between methylation and ESR1 expression.Prognostic analysis further indicated that overexpression of ESR1 is associated with poor overall survival,highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker in BRCA.Moreover,genetic mutation analysis using cBioPortal disclosed a minor role of ESR1 genetic mutations in BRCA,with only 2.5%of genetic alterations observed.The STRING and DAVID tools were utilized to conduct pathway enrichment analysis,revealing diverse biological functions of ESR1 and its 10 interconnected genes.Altogether,these results underscore the significance of understanding ESR1 up-regulation in BRCA and demonstrate its potential as a therapeutic,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarker.展开更多
The role of Epiplakin1(EPPK1)in colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)was analyzed through a comprehensive evaluation of its expression,methylation,genetic mutations,and prognostic implications.A significant up-regulation of EPPK...The role of Epiplakin1(EPPK1)in colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)was analyzed through a comprehensive evaluation of its expression,methylation,genetic mutations,and prognostic implications.A significant up-regulation of EPPK1 expression in COAD malignant cells compared to normal control samples was observed using data from the UALCAN database.EPPK1 expression was found to be elevated across different cancer development stages,racial groups,genders,and age groups,emphasizing its crucial role in cancer proliferation.Validation of EPPK1 expression through the GEPIA2.0 dataset further confirmed its overexpression in COAD when compared to normal samples.The analysis revealed dysregulation across all four stages of cancer development,with the highest expression in stage IV and the lowest in stage II.Additionally,promoter methylation analysis demonstrated a fundamental relationship between COAD samples and normal controls,revealing significant methylation patterns across different clinical parameters,including cancer stages,race,gender,and age.Overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)analysis using the KM plotter showed a strong association between high EPPK1 expression and worse survival outcomes in COAD patients.Conversely,low EPPK1 expression was linked to better OS and DFS.Genetic mutation analysis using cBioPortal identified minimal EPPK1 mutations in COAD,predominantly truncating and missense mutations,highlighting their relevance to EPPK1 dysregulation in COAD.These findings underscore the important role of EPPK1 in COAD development and proliferation,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target and prognostic marker.Further exploration of EPPK1’s molecular mechanisms and its involvement in the COAD microenvironment may reveal new pathways for targeted treatments and precision medicine strategies against this challenging disease.展开更多
Alzheimer＇s disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory deficits. Various studies have been carried out to find therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer＇s disease. However, the proper tr...Alzheimer＇s disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory deficits. Various studies have been carried out to find therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer＇s disease. However, the proper treatment option is still not available. There is no cure for Alzheimer＇s disease, but symptomatic treatment may improve the memory and other dementia related problems. Traditional medicine is practiced world- wide as memory enhancer since ancient times. Natural therapy including herbs and medicinal plants has been used in the treatment of memory deficits such as dementia, amnesia, as well as Alzheimer＇s disease since a long time. Medicinal plants have been used in different systems of medicine, particularly Unani system of medicines and exhibited their powerful roles in the management and cure of memory disorders. Most of herbs and plants have been chemically evaluated and their efficacy has also been proven in clinical trials. However, the underlying mechanisms of actions are still on the way. In this paper, we have reviewed the role of different medicinal plants that play an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease and memory deficits using conventional herbal therapy.展开更多
This study aimed to fabricate new and effective material for the efficiency of phosphate adsorption.Two types of adsorbent materials,the zirconium hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel(Zr/Peel)and zirconium-lanthanu...This study aimed to fabricate new and effective material for the efficiency of phosphate adsorption.Two types of adsorbent materials,the zirconium hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel(Zr/Peel)and zirconium-lanthanum hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel(Zr-La/Peel)were developed.Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM),x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and x-ray diffraction(XRD)were evaluated to give insight into the physicochemical properties of these adsorbents.Zr-La/Peel exceeded the adsorption efficiency of Zr/Peel adsorbents in batch adsorption experiments at the same pH level.The peel as a host can strive to have a strong"shielding effect"to increase the steadiness of the entrenched Zr and La elements.La and Zr are hydroxide metals that emit many hydrogen ions during the hydrolysis reaction,which contribute to protonation and electrostatic attraction.The highest adsorption capacity of La-Zr/Peel for phosphate was calculated to be40.21 mg/g,and pseudo second-order equation is very well fitted for kinetic adsorption.Phosphate adsorption efficiency was reduced by an increase of pH.With the background of coexisting Cl-,little effect on adsorption efficiency was observed,while adsorption capacities were reduced by almost 20-30%with the coexistence of SO42-,NO3-and humic acid(HA).展开更多
Softwood shoots were produced from 40 cm long stem segments placed horizontally in flat trays containing sterilized sand under natural light or shade conditions for subsequent rooting and micropropagation studies in t...Softwood shoots were produced from 40 cm long stem segments placed horizontally in flat trays containing sterilized sand under natural light or shade conditions for subsequent rooting and micropropagation studies in teak （Tectona grand＆ L.）. Higher number of shoots （6.17） per log was produced under natural light as compared to shade conditions. Forcing was also better in natural light as compared to shade in terms of shoot length, number of nodes or leaves. For rooting, 2-4 cm long softwood shoots were excised and treated with either indole-3-butyric acid （IBA） or α-naphthyl acetic acid （NAA） at 0, 1000, 2000 or 3000 μmol.L^-1 each or with combinations （1000 ＋ 1000, 2000 ＋ 2000 or 3000 ＋ 3000 μmol.L^-1） and then placed in flat trays containing autoclaved sand at 25 ± 2℃ in 16 h photoperiod at 35 μmol.m^-2.s^-1. After 28 days, softwood cuttings treated with IBA ＋ NAA （3000 ＋ 3000 μmol.L^-1） had highest rooting percentage （89.3%） with 5.5 mean roots. Shoot apex and nodal explants of softwood cuttings were pretreated with 0.1% （w/v） ascorbic acid, boric acid, activated charcoal, citric acid, glutamine or polyvinylpolypyrollidone （PVP） for 24 h to remove phenolic compounds before surface disinfestation. Glutamine （G1） and PVP were equally effective resulting in 60% establishment of shoot apices on MS medium supplemented with 10 μmol.L^-1 6-benzylaminopurine （BAP） ＋ 5 μmol.L^-1 NAA. Using shoot apices, highest （42.80） number of multiple shoots with 54.33 mm shoot length were obtained on MS ＋ BAP （8.8 p.mol.L 1） ＋ IBA （2 μmol.L^-1） after 45 days. Shoots were successfully rooted and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions.展开更多
Objective:To determine antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence potential of Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni) isolates from clinical human diarrheal infections,cattle and healthy broilers.Methods:Antibiotic sensitiv...Objective:To determine antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence potential of Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni) isolates from clinical human diarrheal infections,cattle and healthy broilers.Methods:Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of C.jejuni isolates were determined by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion assay.These isolates were then subjected to virulence profiling for the detection of map A(membrane-associated protein).cadF(fibronectin binding protein).wlaN(beta-1.3-galaclosyltransferase) and neu AB(sialic acid biosynthesis gene).Further C.jejuni isolates were grouped by random amplification of polymorphic DNA(RAPD) profiling.Results:A total of436 samples from poultry(n=88).cattle(n=216) and humans(n=132) from different locations were collected.Results revealed percentage of C.jejuni isolates were 35.2%(31/88).25.0%(54/216) and 11.3%(15/132) among poultry,cattle and clinical human samples respectively.Antibiotic susceptibility results showed that similar resistance patterns to cephalothin was ie.87.0%,87.1%and 89%among humans,poultry and cattle respectively,followed by sulfamethoxazolc+trimcthoprim 40.0%,38.7%and 31.0%in humans,poultry and cattle and Ampicillin 40%,32%and 20%in humans,poultry and cattle respectively.Beta-lactamase activity was detected in 40.00%humans.20.37%cattle and 32.25%in poultry C.jejuni isolates.CadF and mapA were present in all poultry,cattle and human C jejuni isolates.wlauN was not detected in any isolate and neu AB was found in 9/31(36%) poultry isolates.RAPD profiling results suggested high diversity of C.jejuni isolates.Conclusions:Detection of multidrug resistant C.jejuni strains from poultry and cattle is alarming as they can be potential hazard to humans.Moreover,predominant association of virulence factors,cadF and map A(100%each) in C.jejuni isolates from all sources and neuAB(36%) with poultry isolates suggest the potential source of transmission of diverse types of C.jejuni to humans.展开更多
Bipolar single-valued neutrosophic models are the generalization of bipolar fuzzy models. We first introduce the concept of bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs. We then, discuss some important propos...Bipolar single-valued neutrosophic models are the generalization of bipolar fuzzy models. We first introduce the concept of bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs. We then, discuss some important propositions related to bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs. We define bipolar single-valued neutrosophic economic competition graphs and m-step bipolar single-valued neutrosophic economic competition graphs. Further, we describe applications of bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs in organizational designations and brands competition. Finally, we present our improved methods by algorithms.展开更多
In cipher algorithms,the encryption and decryption are based on the same key.There are some limitations in cipher algorithms,for example in polyalphabetic substitution cipher the key size must be equal to plaintext ot...In cipher algorithms,the encryption and decryption are based on the same key.There are some limitations in cipher algorithms,for example in polyalphabetic substitution cipher the key size must be equal to plaintext otherwise it will be repeated and if the key is known then encryption becomes useless.This paper aims to improve the said limitations by designing of Triple key security algorithm(TKS)in which the key is modified on polyalphabetic substitution cipher to maintain the size of the key and plaintext.Each plaintext character is substituted by an alternative message.The mode of substitution is transformed cyclically which depends on the current position of the modified communication.Three keys are used in the encryption and decryption process on 8 or 16 rounds with the Exclusively-OR(XOR)of the 1st key.This study also identifies a single-key attack on multiple rounds block cipher in mobile communications and applied the proposed technique to prevent the attack.By utilization of the TKS algorithm,the decryption is illustrated,and security is analyzed in detail with mathematical examples.展开更多
Damage of the blood vessels in retina due to diabetes is called diabetic retinopathy(DR).Hemorrhages is thefirst clinically visible symptoms of DR.This paper presents a new technique to extract and classify the hemorrh...Damage of the blood vessels in retina due to diabetes is called diabetic retinopathy(DR).Hemorrhages is thefirst clinically visible symptoms of DR.This paper presents a new technique to extract and classify the hemorrhages in fundus images.The normal objects such as blood vessels,fovea and optic disc inside retinal images are masked to distinguish them from hemorrhages.For masking blood vessels,thresholding that separates blood vessels and background intensity followed by a newfilter to extract the border of vessels based on orienta-tions of vessels are used.For masking optic disc,the image is divided into sub-images then the brightest window with maximum variance in intensity is selected.Then the candidate dark regions are extracted based on adaptive thresholding and top-hat morphological techniques.Features are extracted from each candidate region based on ophthalmologist selection such as color and size and pattern recognition techniques such as texture and wavelet features.Three different types of Support Vector Machine(SVM),Linear SVM,Quadratic SVM and Cubic SVM classifier are applied to classify the candidate dark regions as either hemor-rhages or healthy.The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated using the standard benchmark DIARETDB1 database and by comparing the results with methods in silico.The performance of the method is measured based on average sensitivity,specificity,F-score and accuracy.Experimental results show the Linear SVM classifier gives better results than Cubic SVM and Quadratic SVM with respect to sensitivity and accuracy and with respect to specificity Quadratic SVM gives better result as compared to other SVMs.展开更多
The aim of the investigation was to determine the potential effect of lead on maize growth. Lead is considered as important potent environmental contaminant. Various ecological, environmental and evolutionary processe...The aim of the investigation was to determine the potential effect of lead on maize growth. Lead is considered as important potent environmental contaminant. Various ecological, environmental and evolutionary processes in the microsphere are disrupted because of lead toxicity to the microbial community. The effects of Lead Nitrate (Pb(No3)2) as heavy metal on germination, early growth seedling, root-shoot length, root-shoot fresh and dry weights, total protein content and the uptake of lead by roots and shoots of Zea-mays were investigated. All of the parameters were reduced by the increased lead concentrations. Such growth retardation was due to metals toxicity that resulted in damages to various physiological and biochemical processes.展开更多
According to the World Health Organization(WHO),cancer is the leading cause of death for children in low and middle-income countries.Around 400,000 kids get diagnosed with this illness each year,and their survival rat...According to the World Health Organization(WHO),cancer is the leading cause of death for children in low and middle-income countries.Around 400,000 kids get diagnosed with this illness each year,and their survival rate depends on the country in which they live.In this article,we present a Pythagorean fuzzy model that may help doctors identify the most likely type of cancer in children at an early stage by taking into account the symptoms of different types of cancer.The Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making techniques that we utilize are Pythagorean Fuzzy TOPSIS,Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy(PF-Entropy),and Pythagorean Fuzzy PowerWeighted Geometric(PFPWG).Ourmodel is fed with nineteen symptoms and it diagnoses the risk of eight types of cancers in children.We develop an algorithm for each method and calculate its complexity.Additionally,we consider an example to make a clear understanding of our model.We also compare the final results of various tests that prove the authenticity of this study.展开更多
The Floyd-Warshall algorithm is frequently used to determine the shortest path between any pair of nodes.It works well for crisp weights,but the problem arises when weights are vague and uncertain.Let us take an examp...The Floyd-Warshall algorithm is frequently used to determine the shortest path between any pair of nodes.It works well for crisp weights,but the problem arises when weights are vague and uncertain.Let us take an example of computer networks,where the chosen path might no longer be appropriate due to rapid changes in network conditions.The optimal path from among all possible courses is chosen in computer networks based on a variety of parameters.In this paper,we design a new variant of the Floyd-Warshall algorithm that identifies an All-Pair Shortest Path(APSP)in an uncertain situation of a network.In the proposed methodology,multiple criteria and theirmutual associationmay involve the selection of any suitable path between any two node points,and the values of these criteria may change due to an uncertain environment.We use trapezoidal picture fuzzy addition,score,and accuracy functions to find APSP.We compute the time complexity of this algorithm and contrast it with the traditional Floyd-Warshall algorithm and fuzzy Floyd-Warshall algorithm.展开更多
The successful execution and management of Offshore Software Maintenance Outsourcing(OSMO)can be very beneficial for OSMO vendors and the OSMO client.Although a lot of research on software outsourcing is going on,most...The successful execution and management of Offshore Software Maintenance Outsourcing(OSMO)can be very beneficial for OSMO vendors and the OSMO client.Although a lot of research on software outsourcing is going on,most of the existing literature on offshore outsourcing deals with the outsourcing of software development only.Several frameworks have been developed focusing on guiding software systemmanagers concerning offshore software outsourcing.However,none of these studies delivered comprehensive guidelines for managing the whole process of OSMO.There is a considerable lack of research working on managing OSMO from a vendor’s perspective.Therefore,to find the best practices for managing an OSMO process,it is necessary to further investigate such complex and multifaceted phenomena from the vendor’s perspective.This study validated the preliminary OSMO process model via a case study research approach.The results showed that the OSMO process model is applicable in an industrial setting with few changes.The industrial data collected during the case study enabled this paper to extend the preliminary OSMO process model.The refined version of the OSMO processmodel has four major phases including(i)Project Assessment,(ii)SLA(iii)Execution,and(iv)Risk.展开更多
Deep learning techniques,particularly convolutional neural networks(CNNs),have exhibited remarkable performance in solving visionrelated problems,especially in unpredictable,dynamic,and challenging environments.In aut...Deep learning techniques,particularly convolutional neural networks(CNNs),have exhibited remarkable performance in solving visionrelated problems,especially in unpredictable,dynamic,and challenging environments.In autonomous vehicles,imitation-learning-based steering angle prediction is viable due to the visual imagery comprehension of CNNs.In this regard,globally,researchers are currently focusing on the architectural design and optimization of the hyperparameters of CNNs to achieve the best results.Literature has proven the superiority of metaheuristic algorithms over the manual-tuning of CNNs.However,to the best of our knowledge,these techniques are yet to be applied to address the problem of imitationlearning-based steering angle prediction.Thus,in this study,we examine the application of the bat algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm for the optimization of the CNN model and its hyperparameters,which are employed to solve the steering angle prediction problem.To validate the performance of each hyperparameters’set and architectural parameters’set,we utilized the Udacity steering angle dataset and obtained the best results at the following hyperparameter set:optimizer,Adagrad;learning rate,0.0052;and nonlinear activation function,exponential linear unit.As per our findings,we determined that the deep learning models show better results but require more training epochs and time as compared to shallower ones.Results show the superiority of our approach in optimizing CNNs through metaheuristic algorithms as compared with the manual-tuning approach.Infield testing was also performed using the model trained with the optimal architecture,which we developed using our approach.展开更多
A bipolar single-valued neutrosophic set can deal with the hesitation relevant to the information of any decision making problem in real life scenarios,where bipolar fuzzy sets may fail to handle those hesitation prob...A bipolar single-valued neutrosophic set can deal with the hesitation relevant to the information of any decision making problem in real life scenarios,where bipolar fuzzy sets may fail to handle those hesitation problems.In this study,we first develop a new method for solving linear programming problems based on bipolar singlevalued neutrosophic sets.Further,we apply the score function to transform bipolar single-valued neutrosophic problems into crisp linear programming problems.Moreover,we apply the proposed technique to solve fully bipolar single-valued neutrosophic linear programming problems with non-negative triangular bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TBSvNNs)and non-negative trapezoidal bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TrBSvNNs).展开更多
A single-valued neutrosophic(SVN) set is a powerful general formal framework that generalizes the concept of fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set. In SVN set, indeterminacy is quantified explicitly, and truth member...A single-valued neutrosophic(SVN) set is a powerful general formal framework that generalizes the concept of fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set. In SVN set, indeterminacy is quantified explicitly, and truth membership, indeterminacy membership, and falsity membership are independent. In this paper, we apply the notion of SVN sets to Lie algebras. We develop the concepts of SVN Lie subalgebras and SVN Lie ideals. We describe some interesting results of SVN Lie ideals.展开更多
Cancer is a disease that is rapidly expanding in prevalence all over the world.Cancer cells canmetastasize,or spread,across the body and impact several different cell types.Additionally,the incidence rates of several ...Cancer is a disease that is rapidly expanding in prevalence all over the world.Cancer cells canmetastasize,or spread,across the body and impact several different cell types.Additionally,the incidence rates of several subtypes of cancer have been on the rise in India.The countermeasures for the cancer disease can be taken by determining the specific expansion rate of each type.To rank the various forms of cancer’s rate of progression,we used some of the available data.Numerous studies are available in the literature which show the growth rate of cancer by different techniques.The accuracy of the scheme in determining the highest growth rate may vary due to the variation in the dependent factors.Within the context of this research,the Fuzzy triangular technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS),is utilized to rank the various categorizations of cancer with the help of four groups of medical professionals acting in the capacity of decision-makers.The number of decision-makers may variate according to the required accuracy of results.The findings of the three-dimensional Fuzzy TOPSIS analysis categorize each variety of cancer according to the rate at which it spreads over time.Numerical results along with visual representation are presented to examine the efficiency of our proposed work.展开更多
文摘Isothiocyanates(ITCs)are an important class of organic compounds characterized by the functional group R-N=C=S.These functional groups are widely found in multiple natural products and pharmaceutical important drugs.Moreover,due to their high and versatile reactivity,they are widely used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.Keeping in view ITCs importance,this review summarizes their synthesis from nitrogen rich raw materials like amines,isocyanides,azides and some other compounds like oximes.Besides their synthesis,their application in organic compound synthesis as an intermediate will also be covered.Future research will likely focus on optimizing the synthesis of multifunctional isothiocyanates,understanding their complex biological mechanisms,exploring new applications,and highlighting the continued importance of isothiocyanates in modern chemistry and biotechnology.
文摘In the current study, the expression of the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene (KRAS) in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) was examined for its medical and therapeutic relevance. ESCA has a 20% five-year survival rate, placing it seventh in the world in terms of overall rate of mortality. GEPIA2, UALCAN, OncoDB, cBioPortal, STRING, DAVID, and TIMER2 databases are among the bioinformatics tools used to conduct this investigation. According to the analysis, KRAS was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in ESCA samples in contrast to normal tissues, demonstrating that it might play an active role in the proliferation of malignancies. Additionally, the study based on several clinicopathological features showed that KRAS were significantly up-regulated. ESCA patients had a worse overall survival rate (OS) as KRAS was significantly overexpressed. Besides this, the study carried out analyses of drug sensitivity, enrichment, and promoter methylation to inquire about their relationships to KRAS expression in ESCA. The KRAS mutation was demonstrated to have a significant impact on the progression of ESCA via the genetic changes that were observed using cBioPortal. In conclusion, the comprehensive analysis of the findings emphasizes the significance of KRAS up-regulation in the development of ESCA and its potential as a potential biomarker.
文摘This study aims to explore the potential of ESR1 as a biomarker in breast cancer(BRCA)using bioinformatics analysis tools.The up-regulation of ESR1 expression in BRCA was investigated using UALCAN and GEPIA2,illustrating its role in BRCA progression.Furthermore,analyses based on various variables such as gender,age,race,and pathological stages of BRCA patients revealed a consistent up-regulation of ESR1,emphasizing its role in the development and progression of BRCA.Additionally,an analysis of ESR1 promoter methylation levels across various parameters revealed hypomethylation,affirming the inverse correlation between methylation and ESR1 expression.Prognostic analysis further indicated that overexpression of ESR1 is associated with poor overall survival,highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker in BRCA.Moreover,genetic mutation analysis using cBioPortal disclosed a minor role of ESR1 genetic mutations in BRCA,with only 2.5%of genetic alterations observed.The STRING and DAVID tools were utilized to conduct pathway enrichment analysis,revealing diverse biological functions of ESR1 and its 10 interconnected genes.Altogether,these results underscore the significance of understanding ESR1 up-regulation in BRCA and demonstrate its potential as a therapeutic,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarker.
文摘The role of Epiplakin1(EPPK1)in colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)was analyzed through a comprehensive evaluation of its expression,methylation,genetic mutations,and prognostic implications.A significant up-regulation of EPPK1 expression in COAD malignant cells compared to normal control samples was observed using data from the UALCAN database.EPPK1 expression was found to be elevated across different cancer development stages,racial groups,genders,and age groups,emphasizing its crucial role in cancer proliferation.Validation of EPPK1 expression through the GEPIA2.0 dataset further confirmed its overexpression in COAD when compared to normal samples.The analysis revealed dysregulation across all four stages of cancer development,with the highest expression in stage IV and the lowest in stage II.Additionally,promoter methylation analysis demonstrated a fundamental relationship between COAD samples and normal controls,revealing significant methylation patterns across different clinical parameters,including cancer stages,race,gender,and age.Overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)analysis using the KM plotter showed a strong association between high EPPK1 expression and worse survival outcomes in COAD patients.Conversely,low EPPK1 expression was linked to better OS and DFS.Genetic mutation analysis using cBioPortal identified minimal EPPK1 mutations in COAD,predominantly truncating and missense mutations,highlighting their relevance to EPPK1 dysregulation in COAD.These findings underscore the important role of EPPK1 in COAD development and proliferation,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target and prognostic marker.Further exploration of EPPK1’s molecular mechanisms and its involvement in the COAD microenvironment may reveal new pathways for targeted treatments and precision medicine strategies against this challenging disease.
文摘Alzheimer＇s disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory deficits. Various studies have been carried out to find therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer＇s disease. However, the proper treatment option is still not available. There is no cure for Alzheimer＇s disease, but symptomatic treatment may improve the memory and other dementia related problems. Traditional medicine is practiced world- wide as memory enhancer since ancient times. Natural therapy including herbs and medicinal plants has been used in the treatment of memory deficits such as dementia, amnesia, as well as Alzheimer＇s disease since a long time. Medicinal plants have been used in different systems of medicine, particularly Unani system of medicines and exhibited their powerful roles in the management and cure of memory disorders. Most of herbs and plants have been chemically evaluated and their efficacy has also been proven in clinical trials. However, the underlying mechanisms of actions are still on the way. In this paper, we have reviewed the role of different medicinal plants that play an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease and memory deficits using conventional herbal therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978384)Tai Shan Scholar Foundation(No.ts20151003)
文摘This study aimed to fabricate new and effective material for the efficiency of phosphate adsorption.Two types of adsorbent materials,the zirconium hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel(Zr/Peel)and zirconium-lanthanum hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel(Zr-La/Peel)were developed.Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM),x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and x-ray diffraction(XRD)were evaluated to give insight into the physicochemical properties of these adsorbents.Zr-La/Peel exceeded the adsorption efficiency of Zr/Peel adsorbents in batch adsorption experiments at the same pH level.The peel as a host can strive to have a strong"shielding effect"to increase the steadiness of the entrenched Zr and La elements.La and Zr are hydroxide metals that emit many hydrogen ions during the hydrolysis reaction,which contribute to protonation and electrostatic attraction.The highest adsorption capacity of La-Zr/Peel for phosphate was calculated to be40.21 mg/g,and pseudo second-order equation is very well fitted for kinetic adsorption.Phosphate adsorption efficiency was reduced by an increase of pH.With the background of coexisting Cl-,little effect on adsorption efficiency was observed,while adsorption capacities were reduced by almost 20-30%with the coexistence of SO42-,NO3-and humic acid(HA).
文摘Softwood shoots were produced from 40 cm long stem segments placed horizontally in flat trays containing sterilized sand under natural light or shade conditions for subsequent rooting and micropropagation studies in teak （Tectona grand＆ L.）. Higher number of shoots （6.17） per log was produced under natural light as compared to shade conditions. Forcing was also better in natural light as compared to shade in terms of shoot length, number of nodes or leaves. For rooting, 2-4 cm long softwood shoots were excised and treated with either indole-3-butyric acid （IBA） or α-naphthyl acetic acid （NAA） at 0, 1000, 2000 or 3000 μmol.L^-1 each or with combinations （1000 ＋ 1000, 2000 ＋ 2000 or 3000 ＋ 3000 μmol.L^-1） and then placed in flat trays containing autoclaved sand at 25 ± 2℃ in 16 h photoperiod at 35 μmol.m^-2.s^-1. After 28 days, softwood cuttings treated with IBA ＋ NAA （3000 ＋ 3000 μmol.L^-1） had highest rooting percentage （89.3%） with 5.5 mean roots. Shoot apex and nodal explants of softwood cuttings were pretreated with 0.1% （w/v） ascorbic acid, boric acid, activated charcoal, citric acid, glutamine or polyvinylpolypyrollidone （PVP） for 24 h to remove phenolic compounds before surface disinfestation. Glutamine （G1） and PVP were equally effective resulting in 60% establishment of shoot apices on MS medium supplemented with 10 μmol.L^-1 6-benzylaminopurine （BAP） ＋ 5 μmol.L^-1 NAA. Using shoot apices, highest （42.80） number of multiple shoots with 54.33 mm shoot length were obtained on MS ＋ BAP （8.8 p.mol.L 1） ＋ IBA （2 μmol.L^-1） after 45 days. Shoots were successfully rooted and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions.
基金British Council for providing funds for this project (Grant SP019) through their strategic partnership awards(INSPIRE Program)
文摘Objective:To determine antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence potential of Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni) isolates from clinical human diarrheal infections,cattle and healthy broilers.Methods:Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of C.jejuni isolates were determined by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion assay.These isolates were then subjected to virulence profiling for the detection of map A(membrane-associated protein).cadF(fibronectin binding protein).wlaN(beta-1.3-galaclosyltransferase) and neu AB(sialic acid biosynthesis gene).Further C.jejuni isolates were grouped by random amplification of polymorphic DNA(RAPD) profiling.Results:A total of436 samples from poultry(n=88).cattle(n=216) and humans(n=132) from different locations were collected.Results revealed percentage of C.jejuni isolates were 35.2%(31/88).25.0%(54/216) and 11.3%(15/132) among poultry,cattle and clinical human samples respectively.Antibiotic susceptibility results showed that similar resistance patterns to cephalothin was ie.87.0%,87.1%and 89%among humans,poultry and cattle respectively,followed by sulfamethoxazolc+trimcthoprim 40.0%,38.7%and 31.0%in humans,poultry and cattle and Ampicillin 40%,32%and 20%in humans,poultry and cattle respectively.Beta-lactamase activity was detected in 40.00%humans.20.37%cattle and 32.25%in poultry C.jejuni isolates.CadF and mapA were present in all poultry,cattle and human C jejuni isolates.wlauN was not detected in any isolate and neu AB was found in 9/31(36%) poultry isolates.RAPD profiling results suggested high diversity of C.jejuni isolates.Conclusions:Detection of multidrug resistant C.jejuni strains from poultry and cattle is alarming as they can be potential hazard to humans.Moreover,predominant association of virulence factors,cadF and map A(100%each) in C.jejuni isolates from all sources and neuAB(36%) with poultry isolates suggest the potential source of transmission of diverse types of C.jejuni to humans.
文摘Bipolar single-valued neutrosophic models are the generalization of bipolar fuzzy models. We first introduce the concept of bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs. We then, discuss some important propositions related to bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs. We define bipolar single-valued neutrosophic economic competition graphs and m-step bipolar single-valued neutrosophic economic competition graphs. Further, we describe applications of bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs in organizational designations and brands competition. Finally, we present our improved methods by algorithms.
基金This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Abdul-Aziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia under Grant No.(D-63-611-1442).
文摘In cipher algorithms,the encryption and decryption are based on the same key.There are some limitations in cipher algorithms,for example in polyalphabetic substitution cipher the key size must be equal to plaintext otherwise it will be repeated and if the key is known then encryption becomes useless.This paper aims to improve the said limitations by designing of Triple key security algorithm(TKS)in which the key is modified on polyalphabetic substitution cipher to maintain the size of the key and plaintext.Each plaintext character is substituted by an alternative message.The mode of substitution is transformed cyclically which depends on the current position of the modified communication.Three keys are used in the encryption and decryption process on 8 or 16 rounds with the Exclusively-OR(XOR)of the 1st key.This study also identifies a single-key attack on multiple rounds block cipher in mobile communications and applied the proposed technique to prevent the attack.By utilization of the TKS algorithm,the decryption is illustrated,and security is analyzed in detail with mathematical examples.
基金supported by the ministry of education and the deanship of scientific research-Najran University-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for their financial and technical support under code number NU/-/SERC/10/640.
文摘Damage of the blood vessels in retina due to diabetes is called diabetic retinopathy(DR).Hemorrhages is thefirst clinically visible symptoms of DR.This paper presents a new technique to extract and classify the hemorrhages in fundus images.The normal objects such as blood vessels,fovea and optic disc inside retinal images are masked to distinguish them from hemorrhages.For masking blood vessels,thresholding that separates blood vessels and background intensity followed by a newfilter to extract the border of vessels based on orienta-tions of vessels are used.For masking optic disc,the image is divided into sub-images then the brightest window with maximum variance in intensity is selected.Then the candidate dark regions are extracted based on adaptive thresholding and top-hat morphological techniques.Features are extracted from each candidate region based on ophthalmologist selection such as color and size and pattern recognition techniques such as texture and wavelet features.Three different types of Support Vector Machine(SVM),Linear SVM,Quadratic SVM and Cubic SVM classifier are applied to classify the candidate dark regions as either hemor-rhages or healthy.The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated using the standard benchmark DIARETDB1 database and by comparing the results with methods in silico.The performance of the method is measured based on average sensitivity,specificity,F-score and accuracy.Experimental results show the Linear SVM classifier gives better results than Cubic SVM and Quadratic SVM with respect to sensitivity and accuracy and with respect to specificity Quadratic SVM gives better result as compared to other SVMs.
文摘The aim of the investigation was to determine the potential effect of lead on maize growth. Lead is considered as important potent environmental contaminant. Various ecological, environmental and evolutionary processes in the microsphere are disrupted because of lead toxicity to the microbial community. The effects of Lead Nitrate (Pb(No3)2) as heavy metal on germination, early growth seedling, root-shoot length, root-shoot fresh and dry weights, total protein content and the uptake of lead by roots and shoots of Zea-mays were investigated. All of the parameters were reduced by the increased lead concentrations. Such growth retardation was due to metals toxicity that resulted in damages to various physiological and biochemical processes.
基金funding this work through General Research Project under Grant No.(R.G.P.2/48/43).
文摘According to the World Health Organization(WHO),cancer is the leading cause of death for children in low and middle-income countries.Around 400,000 kids get diagnosed with this illness each year,and their survival rate depends on the country in which they live.In this article,we present a Pythagorean fuzzy model that may help doctors identify the most likely type of cancer in children at an early stage by taking into account the symptoms of different types of cancer.The Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making techniques that we utilize are Pythagorean Fuzzy TOPSIS,Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy(PF-Entropy),and Pythagorean Fuzzy PowerWeighted Geometric(PFPWG).Ourmodel is fed with nineteen symptoms and it diagnoses the risk of eight types of cancers in children.We develop an algorithm for each method and calculate its complexity.Additionally,we consider an example to make a clear understanding of our model.We also compare the final results of various tests that prove the authenticity of this study.
基金extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through General Research Project under Grant No.(R.G.P.2/48/43).
文摘The Floyd-Warshall algorithm is frequently used to determine the shortest path between any pair of nodes.It works well for crisp weights,but the problem arises when weights are vague and uncertain.Let us take an example of computer networks,where the chosen path might no longer be appropriate due to rapid changes in network conditions.The optimal path from among all possible courses is chosen in computer networks based on a variety of parameters.In this paper,we design a new variant of the Floyd-Warshall algorithm that identifies an All-Pair Shortest Path(APSP)in an uncertain situation of a network.In the proposed methodology,multiple criteria and theirmutual associationmay involve the selection of any suitable path between any two node points,and the values of these criteria may change due to an uncertain environment.We use trapezoidal picture fuzzy addition,score,and accuracy functions to find APSP.We compute the time complexity of this algorithm and contrast it with the traditional Floyd-Warshall algorithm and fuzzy Floyd-Warshall algorithm.
基金This research is fully funded byUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu under the research Grant(PGRG).
文摘The successful execution and management of Offshore Software Maintenance Outsourcing(OSMO)can be very beneficial for OSMO vendors and the OSMO client.Although a lot of research on software outsourcing is going on,most of the existing literature on offshore outsourcing deals with the outsourcing of software development only.Several frameworks have been developed focusing on guiding software systemmanagers concerning offshore software outsourcing.However,none of these studies delivered comprehensive guidelines for managing the whole process of OSMO.There is a considerable lack of research working on managing OSMO from a vendor’s perspective.Therefore,to find the best practices for managing an OSMO process,it is necessary to further investigate such complex and multifaceted phenomena from the vendor’s perspective.This study validated the preliminary OSMO process model via a case study research approach.The results showed that the OSMO process model is applicable in an industrial setting with few changes.The industrial data collected during the case study enabled this paper to extend the preliminary OSMO process model.The refined version of the OSMO processmodel has four major phases including(i)Project Assessment,(ii)SLA(iii)Execution,and(iv)Risk.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Deputy for Research and Innovation,Ministry of Education,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for this research through a grant(NU/IFC/INT/01/008)under the institutional Funding Committee at Najran University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
文摘Deep learning techniques,particularly convolutional neural networks(CNNs),have exhibited remarkable performance in solving visionrelated problems,especially in unpredictable,dynamic,and challenging environments.In autonomous vehicles,imitation-learning-based steering angle prediction is viable due to the visual imagery comprehension of CNNs.In this regard,globally,researchers are currently focusing on the architectural design and optimization of the hyperparameters of CNNs to achieve the best results.Literature has proven the superiority of metaheuristic algorithms over the manual-tuning of CNNs.However,to the best of our knowledge,these techniques are yet to be applied to address the problem of imitationlearning-based steering angle prediction.Thus,in this study,we examine the application of the bat algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm for the optimization of the CNN model and its hyperparameters,which are employed to solve the steering angle prediction problem.To validate the performance of each hyperparameters’set and architectural parameters’set,we utilized the Udacity steering angle dataset and obtained the best results at the following hyperparameter set:optimizer,Adagrad;learning rate,0.0052;and nonlinear activation function,exponential linear unit.As per our findings,we determined that the deep learning models show better results but require more training epochs and time as compared to shallower ones.Results show the superiority of our approach in optimizing CNNs through metaheuristic algorithms as compared with the manual-tuning approach.Infield testing was also performed using the model trained with the optimal architecture,which we developed using our approach.
文摘A bipolar single-valued neutrosophic set can deal with the hesitation relevant to the information of any decision making problem in real life scenarios,where bipolar fuzzy sets may fail to handle those hesitation problems.In this study,we first develop a new method for solving linear programming problems based on bipolar singlevalued neutrosophic sets.Further,we apply the score function to transform bipolar single-valued neutrosophic problems into crisp linear programming problems.Moreover,we apply the proposed technique to solve fully bipolar single-valued neutrosophic linear programming problems with non-negative triangular bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TBSvNNs)and non-negative trapezoidal bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TrBSvNNs).
文摘A single-valued neutrosophic(SVN) set is a powerful general formal framework that generalizes the concept of fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set. In SVN set, indeterminacy is quantified explicitly, and truth membership, indeterminacy membership, and falsity membership are independent. In this paper, we apply the notion of SVN sets to Lie algebras. We develop the concepts of SVN Lie subalgebras and SVN Lie ideals. We describe some interesting results of SVN Lie ideals.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2013C31146)the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(No.SKL-Ch E-12D02)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Ningbo(No.2011B82002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015FZA4025),China
文摘Cancer is a disease that is rapidly expanding in prevalence all over the world.Cancer cells canmetastasize,or spread,across the body and impact several different cell types.Additionally,the incidence rates of several subtypes of cancer have been on the rise in India.The countermeasures for the cancer disease can be taken by determining the specific expansion rate of each type.To rank the various forms of cancer’s rate of progression,we used some of the available data.Numerous studies are available in the literature which show the growth rate of cancer by different techniques.The accuracy of the scheme in determining the highest growth rate may vary due to the variation in the dependent factors.Within the context of this research,the Fuzzy triangular technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS),is utilized to rank the various categorizations of cancer with the help of four groups of medical professionals acting in the capacity of decision-makers.The number of decision-makers may variate according to the required accuracy of results.The findings of the three-dimensional Fuzzy TOPSIS analysis categorize each variety of cancer according to the rate at which it spreads over time.Numerical results along with visual representation are presented to examine the efficiency of our proposed work.
