Despite being an excellent candidate for a photocathode,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_4(CZTS)performance is limited by suboptimal bulk and interfacial charge carrier dynamics.In this work,we introduce a facile and versatile CZTS precur...Despite being an excellent candidate for a photocathode,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_4(CZTS)performance is limited by suboptimal bulk and interfacial charge carrier dynamics.In this work,we introduce a facile and versatile CZTS precursor seed layer engineering technique,which significantly enhances crystal growth and mitigates detrimental defects in the postsulfurized CZTS light-absorbing films.This effective optimization of defects and charge carrier dynamics results in a highly efficient CZTS/CdS/TiO_(2)/Pt thin-film photocathode,achieving a record half-cell solar-to-hydrogen(HC-STH)conversion efficiency of 9.91%.Additionally,the photocathode exhibits a highest photocurrent density(J_(ph))of 29.44 m A cm^(-2)(at 0 VRHE)and favorable onset potential(Von)of 0.73 VRHE.Furthermore,our CTZS photocathode demonstrates a remarkable Jph of 16.54 m A cm^(-2)and HC-STH efficiency of 2.56%in natural seawater,followed by an impressive unbiased STH efficiency of 2.20%in a CZTS-BiVO_4 tandem cell.The scalability of this approach is underscored by the successful fabrication of a 4×4 cm^(2)module,highlighting its significant potential for practical,unbiased in situ solar seawater splitting applications.展开更多
Visible and near-infrared photodetectors are widely used in intelligent driving,health monitoring,and other fields.However,the application of photodetectors in the near-infrared region is significantly impacted by hig...Visible and near-infrared photodetectors are widely used in intelligent driving,health monitoring,and other fields.However,the application of photodetectors in the near-infrared region is significantly impacted by high dark current,which can greatly reduce their performance and sensitivity,thereby limiting their effectiveness in certain applications.In this work,the introduction of a C60 back interface layer successfully mitigated back interface reactions to decrease the thickness of the Mo(S,Se)_(2)layer,tailoring the back-contact barrier and preventing reverse charge injection,resulting in a kesterite photodetector with an ultralow dark current density of 5.2×10^(-9)mA/cm^(2)and ultra-weak-light detection at levels as low as 25 pW/cm^(2).Besides,under a self-powered operation,it demonstrates outstanding performance,achieving a peak responsivity of 0.68 A/W,a wide response range spanning from 300 to 1600 nm,and an impressive detectivity of 5.27×10^(14)Jones.In addition,it offers exceptionally rapid response times,with rise and decay times of 70 and 650 ns,respectively.This research offers important insights for developing high-performance self-powered near-infrared photodetectors that have high responsivity,rapid response times,and ultralow dark current.展开更多
Curvature lines are special and important curves on surfaces.It is of great significance to construct developable surface interpolated on curvature lines in engineering applications.In this paper,the shape optimizatio...Curvature lines are special and important curves on surfaces.It is of great significance to construct developable surface interpolated on curvature lines in engineering applications.In this paper,the shape optimization of generalized cubic ball developable surface interpolated on the curvature line is studied by using the improved reptile search algorithm.Firstly,based on the curvature line of generalized cubic ball curve with shape adjustable,this paper gives the construction method of SGC-Ball developable surface interpolated on the curve.Secondly,the feedback mechanism,adaptive parameters and mutation strategy are introduced into the reptile search algorithm,and the Feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm effectively improves the solving precision.On IEEE congress on evolutionary computation 2014,2017,2019 and four engineering design problems,the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is compared with other representative methods,and the result indicates that the solution performance of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is competitive.At last,taking the minimum energy as the evaluation index,the shape optimization model of SGC-Ball interpolation developable surface is established.The developable surface with the minimum energy is achieved with the help of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm,and the comparison experiment verifies the superiority of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm for the shape optimization problem.展开更多
Memory catalysis and conventional Fenton reactions are intended to counteract prevailing energy and environmental crises;however,poor performance and the need for UV irradiation question their sustain-ability.Herein,w...Memory catalysis and conventional Fenton reactions are intended to counteract prevailing energy and environmental crises;however,poor performance and the need for UV irradiation question their sustain-ability.Herein,we demonstrate defect-engineered,dual Z-scheme MoS_(2)/WO_(3-x)/Ag_(2)S exhibiting enhanced photo-Fenton(PFR),night-Fenton(NFR),and photocatalytic activities(PR)against tetracycline(TC)and Rhodamine B(RhB).Defects enable the catalyst to store ample electrons just like metals,which play a vi-tal role by exciting H2 O2 during Fenton reactions.It removed 91.54%,76.43%,and 83.39%TC(40 mg L^(-1))in 100 min and registered degradation rate constants of 0.05379,0.02858,and 0.04133 min^(-1)against RhB(20 mg L^(-1))during PFR,NFR,and PR respectively.The total organic carbon(TOC)removal rates reached 58.56%and 60.88%during TC and RhB degradations in PFR,respectively.Solid and Liquid EPR analy-sis shows it can excite H_(2)O_(2)to carry Fenton reactions with and without light.It demonstrates wide pH adaptability and tremendous potential to simultaneously counter energy and environmental crises.展开更多
This study investigates the dung beetle fauna in northern Pakistan, including Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Gilgit-Baltistan（formerly known as the Northern Areas of Pakistan）, and Federally Administered Tribal Areas,...This study investigates the dung beetle fauna in northern Pakistan, including Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Gilgit-Baltistan（formerly known as the Northern Areas of Pakistan）, and Federally Administered Tribal Areas, based on collections and determined specimens. The area is diverse and contains a variety of flora and fauna pertaining to different habitats. We conducted surveys in the Alpine Zone, Montane Temperate Forest and Tropical Deciduous Forest. Three genera and five species, Digitonthophagus gazelle,Digitonthophagus bonasus, Heliocopris midas, Heliocopris bucephalus and Gymnopleurus flagellates were collected. Identification keys and distribution notes are provided. Heliocopris bucephalus was found to be a new country record to Pakistan.展开更多
This paper presents an efficient enhanced snake optimizer termed BEESO for global optimization and engineering applications.As a newly mooted meta-heuristic algorithm,snake optimizer(SO)mathematically models the matin...This paper presents an efficient enhanced snake optimizer termed BEESO for global optimization and engineering applications.As a newly mooted meta-heuristic algorithm,snake optimizer(SO)mathematically models the mating characteristics of snakes to find the optimal solution.SO has a simple structure and offers a delicate balance between exploitation and exploration.However,it also has some shortcomings to be improved.The proposed BEESO consequently aims to lighten the issues of lack of population diversity,convergence slowness,and the tendency to be stuck in local optima in SO.The presentation of Bi-Directional Search(BDS)is to approach the global optimal value along the direction guided by the best and the worst individuals,which makes the convergence speed faster.The increase in population diversity in BEESO benefits from Modified Evolutionary Population Dynamics(MEPD),and the replacement of poorer quality individuals improves population quality.The Elite Opposition-Based Learning(EOBL)provides improved local exploitation ability of BEESO by utilizing solid solutions with good performance.The performance of BEESO is illustrated by comparing its experimental results with several algorithms on benchmark functions and engineering designs.Additionally,the results of the experiment are analyzed again from a statistical point of view using the Friedman and Wilcoxon rank sum tests.The findings show that these introduced strategies provide some improvements in the performance of SO,and the accuracy and stability of the optimization results provided by the proposed BEESO are competitive among all algorithms.To conclude,the proposed BEESO offers a good alternative to solving optimization issues.展开更多
In this paper,a proficient numerical technique for the time-fractional telegraph equation(TFTE)is proposed.The chief aim of this paper is to utilize a relatively new type of B-spline called the cubic trigonometric B-s...In this paper,a proficient numerical technique for the time-fractional telegraph equation(TFTE)is proposed.The chief aim of this paper is to utilize a relatively new type of B-spline called the cubic trigonometric B-spline for the proposed scheme.This technique is based on finite difference formulation for the Caputo time-fractional derivative and cubic trigonometric B-splines based technique for the derivatives in space.A stability analysis of the scheme is presented to confirm that the errors do not amplify.A convergence analysis is also presented.Computational experiments are carried out in addition to verify the theoretical analysis.Numerical results are contrasted with a few present techniques and it is concluded that the presented scheme is progressively right and more compelling.展开更多
The study aimed to achieve enhanced targeted cytotoxicity and cell-internalization of cisplatin-loaded deoxyribonucleic acid-nanothread(CPT-DNA-NT),mediated by scavenger receptors into HeLa cells.DNA-NT was developed ...The study aimed to achieve enhanced targeted cytotoxicity and cell-internalization of cisplatin-loaded deoxyribonucleic acid-nanothread(CPT-DNA-NT),mediated by scavenger receptors into HeLa cells.DNA-NT was developed with stiff-topology utilizing circular-scaffold to encapsulate CPT.Atomic force microscopy(AFM)characterization of the DNA-NT showed uniformity in the structure with a diameter of 50-150 nm and length of 300-600 nm.The successful fabrication of the DNA-NT was confirmed through native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis,as large the molecular-weight(polymeric)DNA-NT did not split into constituting strands under applied current and voltage.The results of cell viability confirmed that blank DNA-NT had the least cytotoxicity at the highest concentration(512 nM)with a viability of 92%as evidence of its biocompatibility for drug delivery.MTT assay showed superior cytotoxicity of CPT-DNA-NT than that of the free CPT due to the depot release of CPT after DNA-NT internalization.The DNA-NT exhibited targeted cell internalizations with the controlled intracellular release of CPT(from DNA-NT),as illustrated in confocal images.Therefore,in vitro cytotoxicity assessment through flow cytometry showed enhanced apoptosis(72.7%)with CPT-DNA-NT(compared to free CPT;64.4%).CPT-DNA-NT,being poly-anionic,showed enhanced endocytosis via scavenger receptors.展开更多
In this numerical study,the effect of quartic autocatalysis type of chemical reaction,buoyancy force and thermal radiation phenomenon and magnetic effect on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past an upper horizontal surfac...In this numerical study,the effect of quartic autocatalysis type of chemical reaction,buoyancy force and thermal radiation phenomenon and magnetic effect on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid has been studied.By considering the Buongiorno model approach,a diffusion of unequal coefficients in the presence of gyrotactic microorganism is discussed.Implementation of microorganism’s idea is used to stabilize the nanoparticles through bioconvection.The modeled PDEs of the problems are converted into nonlinear ODEs with the assistant of the similarity transformations.To tackle nonlinear ODEs,MATLAB package bvp4c is used.In addition,a hallmark of the Matlab code with the reported results in the literature is achieved by benchmarking.The variations in motion,concentration,temperature,and motile density due to sundry parameters have been analyzed in-depth via graphs.Our analysis shows that the density profile of motile of microorganism is hiked with an increment in the bioconvection Rayleigh number but decreases for higher thermal Grashof number.展开更多
This work is concerned with the application of a redefined set of extended uniform cubic B-spline(RECBS)functions for the numerical treatment of time-fractional Telegraph equation.The presented technique engages finit...This work is concerned with the application of a redefined set of extended uniform cubic B-spline(RECBS)functions for the numerical treatment of time-fractional Telegraph equation.The presented technique engages finite difference formulation for discretizing the Caputo time-fractional derivatives and RECBS functions to interpolate the solution curve along the spatial grid.Stability analysis of the scheme is provided to ensure that the errors do not amplify during the execution of the numerical procedure.The derivation of uniform convergence has also been presented.Some computational experiments are executed to verify the theoretical considerations.Numerical results are compared with the existing schemes and it is concluded that the present scheme returns superior outcomes on the topic.展开更多
Elecrochemical CO_(2) reduction is a promising route to convert CO_(2) into the value added chemicals,and to control the increasing accumulation of 002 in the atmosphere.The CO_(2) molecule is stable and chemically in...Elecrochemical CO_(2) reduction is a promising route to convert CO_(2) into the value added chemicals,and to control the increasing accumulation of 002 in the atmosphere.The CO_(2) molecule is stable and chemically inert,so a highly efficient electrocatalyst is required for CO_(2) reduction.The single atoms with metal oxdde support is a new fronder in CO_(2) reduction.The supported single atoms contain disperse isolated atoms with an appropriate support maxcimize the atom efficiency of metals for boosting the catalytc perfomance.In this review,we had discussed state-of-the-art research on the synthestis of single atoms supported on the metal oxdde for boosting catalytic activity for CO_(2) reduction and special emphasis is placed on the influence of single atoms supported on metal oxdde on the CO_(2) reduction.Futhermore,we had discussed the challenges,and opportunities for paving the development of single atoms with metal support and their application in ecrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.展开更多
Aβhas attracted a great deal of interest in the field of Alzheimer'diseases(AD)research,and its influence on the cells and the neuronal system,has been a pressing issue to clarify with a goal of diagnostic and th...Aβhas attracted a great deal of interest in the field of Alzheimer'diseases(AD)research,and its influence on the cells and the neuronal system,has been a pressing issue to clarify with a goal of diagnostic and therapeutic development.In our study,we determine whether mitochondrial impairment by Aβis fatal enough to cause neuronal death in AD conditions.Using Western blot to detect the expression of Bax and Bel-2,we verified incubatina HT22cells with 10 nmol/L Aβfor 24 h had the significant effect on cell apoptosis.展开更多
Environmental conditions such as wind, temperature and humidity affect the amount of solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic (PV) cells and thus have a significant effect on the PV output efficiency. This paper ...Environmental conditions such as wind, temperature and humidity affect the amount of solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic (PV) cells and thus have a significant effect on the PV output efficiency. This paper aims to analyze the power efficiency of Polycrystalline Silicon solar cells under China’s weather considering these environmental conditions. Performance of the Polycrystalline solar panel is analyzed through eight months of data emphasizing the maximum, average and minimum temperature acquired from a solar power plant installed at Taiyuan University of technology, China consisting of 78 PV panels with a total rated capacity of 20 KW and average module efficiency of 16.56% at an ambient temperature of 25°. The results of our practical investigations show that polycrystalline solar cells in October yield the best monthly average efficiency of 35.6% at an average temperature and humidity level of 14°C and 44%. In comparison to a maximum temperature of 27°C and humidity of 66% in summer, the efficiency is found to drop by 5%. Also, the power produced in winter at minimum temperature and the efficiency showed a decline of 15% compared to that of October. Consequently, this investigation leads to a conclusion that the increase in temperature and humidity together is found to have a negative effect on the efficiency whereas the increase in irradiance and wind speed showed an improvement in the output power of the polycrystalline solar cells.展开更多
Multilevel inverters are used in many industrial applications because of good power quality, minimum losses and less harmonics contents. Multilevel inverters require no series connected synchronized switching devices,...Multilevel inverters are used in many industrial applications because of good power quality, minimum losses and less harmonics contents. Multilevel inverters require no series connected synchronized switching devices, transformer and complex filters. In this paper 10, 18, 24 diode clamped multi-level inverters (DCMLI) are implemented using trust region dog leg optimization method to find the optimized values of switching angles (θ). It decreases the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltages and to reduce the complexity of external filter required. The multi-level inverters are implemented in MATLAB Simulation and results are compared in terms of harmonics, system complexity and efficiency.展开更多
The efficiency of Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)solar cells is limited due to interfacial band misalignment and severe non-radiative recombination.ZnSnO(ZTO)is a promising Cd-free buffer layer,offering a potential for favorable band...The efficiency of Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)solar cells is limited due to interfacial band misalignment and severe non-radiative recombination.ZnSnO(ZTO)is a promising Cd-free buffer layer,offering a potential for favorable band alignment with CZTS absorber.Here,we demonstrate that optimizing the temperature-dependent deposition during reactive magnetron sputtering significantly promotes elemental interdiffusion.For the proposed CZTS/ZTO interface,a favorable“spike-like”band alignment is achieved,effectively enhancing the carrier transport efficiency and reducing the interfacial defect density.Furthermore,Zn diffusion mitigates CuZn(that is,copper atoms sit at sites normally occupied by zinc atoms)antisite defects,reducing the non-radiative recombination and improving the absorber quality.Finally,the champion device achieved the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.90%by sputtering ZTO as buffer layer in CZTS solar cell so far,with a high open circuit voltage(VOC)of 740 mV and a fill factor(FF)of 61.79%.This strategy highlights the potential of sputtered ZTO as a scalable and eco-friendly buffer layer for Cd-free CZTS solar cells.展开更多
Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy(GLD;MIM#245200)is a rare and fatal lysosomal storage disease with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance that results from the deficiency of galactocerebrosidase(GALC;...Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy(GLD;MIM#245200)is a rare and fatal lysosomal storage disease with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance that results from the deficiency of galactocerebrosidase(GALC;E.C.3.2.1.46),a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the GALC gene.1 GALC breaks down galactosylceramide,a cerebroside located mainly in the myelin sheath.Defects in GALC cause the accumulation of a cytotoxic metabolite,galactosylsphingosine or psychosine,which can be toxic to oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.2 The failure to digest galactosylceramide triggers the formation of multi-nucleated globoid cells,causing severe demyelination,axonopathy,and neuronal death.3 The reported frequency of Krabbe disease is 1 in 100,000 live births with symptoms including irritability,loss of motor ability,spasticity,ataxia,visual dysfunction,seizures,andcognitive impairment.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62474114,52472225)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515012041,2025A1515011515)China+1 种基金Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen(JCYJ20240813141620027,20231122102326002)ChinaShenzhen University 2035 Program for Excellent Research(Grants 2024B003)。
文摘Despite being an excellent candidate for a photocathode,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_4(CZTS)performance is limited by suboptimal bulk and interfacial charge carrier dynamics.In this work,we introduce a facile and versatile CZTS precursor seed layer engineering technique,which significantly enhances crystal growth and mitigates detrimental defects in the postsulfurized CZTS light-absorbing films.This effective optimization of defects and charge carrier dynamics results in a highly efficient CZTS/CdS/TiO_(2)/Pt thin-film photocathode,achieving a record half-cell solar-to-hydrogen(HC-STH)conversion efficiency of 9.91%.Additionally,the photocathode exhibits a highest photocurrent density(J_(ph))of 29.44 m A cm^(-2)(at 0 VRHE)and favorable onset potential(Von)of 0.73 VRHE.Furthermore,our CTZS photocathode demonstrates a remarkable Jph of 16.54 m A cm^(-2)and HC-STH efficiency of 2.56%in natural seawater,followed by an impressive unbiased STH efficiency of 2.20%in a CZTS-BiVO_4 tandem cell.The scalability of this approach is underscored by the successful fabrication of a 4×4 cm^(2)module,highlighting its significant potential for practical,unbiased in situ solar seawater splitting applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472225)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Shenzhen(No.20220808165025003),China。
文摘Visible and near-infrared photodetectors are widely used in intelligent driving,health monitoring,and other fields.However,the application of photodetectors in the near-infrared region is significantly impacted by high dark current,which can greatly reduce their performance and sensitivity,thereby limiting their effectiveness in certain applications.In this work,the introduction of a C60 back interface layer successfully mitigated back interface reactions to decrease the thickness of the Mo(S,Se)_(2)layer,tailoring the back-contact barrier and preventing reverse charge injection,resulting in a kesterite photodetector with an ultralow dark current density of 5.2×10^(-9)mA/cm^(2)and ultra-weak-light detection at levels as low as 25 pW/cm^(2).Besides,under a self-powered operation,it demonstrates outstanding performance,achieving a peak responsivity of 0.68 A/W,a wide response range spanning from 300 to 1600 nm,and an impressive detectivity of 5.27×10^(14)Jones.In addition,it offers exceptionally rapid response times,with rise and decay times of 70 and 650 ns,respectively.This research offers important insights for developing high-performance self-powered near-infrared photodetectors that have high responsivity,rapid response times,and ultralow dark current.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375264).
文摘Curvature lines are special and important curves on surfaces.It is of great significance to construct developable surface interpolated on curvature lines in engineering applications.In this paper,the shape optimization of generalized cubic ball developable surface interpolated on the curvature line is studied by using the improved reptile search algorithm.Firstly,based on the curvature line of generalized cubic ball curve with shape adjustable,this paper gives the construction method of SGC-Ball developable surface interpolated on the curve.Secondly,the feedback mechanism,adaptive parameters and mutation strategy are introduced into the reptile search algorithm,and the Feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm effectively improves the solving precision.On IEEE congress on evolutionary computation 2014,2017,2019 and four engineering design problems,the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is compared with other representative methods,and the result indicates that the solution performance of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is competitive.At last,taking the minimum energy as the evaluation index,the shape optimization model of SGC-Ball interpolation developable surface is established.The developable surface with the minimum energy is achieved with the help of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm,and the comparison experiment verifies the superiority of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm for the shape optimization problem.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2022YFA1603701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82341044)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L212015).
文摘Memory catalysis and conventional Fenton reactions are intended to counteract prevailing energy and environmental crises;however,poor performance and the need for UV irradiation question their sustain-ability.Herein,we demonstrate defect-engineered,dual Z-scheme MoS_(2)/WO_(3-x)/Ag_(2)S exhibiting enhanced photo-Fenton(PFR),night-Fenton(NFR),and photocatalytic activities(PR)against tetracycline(TC)and Rhodamine B(RhB).Defects enable the catalyst to store ample electrons just like metals,which play a vi-tal role by exciting H2 O2 during Fenton reactions.It removed 91.54%,76.43%,and 83.39%TC(40 mg L^(-1))in 100 min and registered degradation rate constants of 0.05379,0.02858,and 0.04133 min^(-1)against RhB(20 mg L^(-1))during PFR,NFR,and PR respectively.The total organic carbon(TOC)removal rates reached 58.56%and 60.88%during TC and RhB degradations in PFR,respectively.Solid and Liquid EPR analy-sis shows it can excite H_(2)O_(2)to carry Fenton reactions with and without light.It demonstrates wide pH adaptability and tremendous potential to simultaneously counter energy and environmental crises.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2011CB302102)by a Humboldt Fellowship (M.B.) from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
文摘This study investigates the dung beetle fauna in northern Pakistan, including Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Gilgit-Baltistan（formerly known as the Northern Areas of Pakistan）, and Federally Administered Tribal Areas, based on collections and determined specimens. The area is diverse and contains a variety of flora and fauna pertaining to different habitats. We conducted surveys in the Alpine Zone, Montane Temperate Forest and Tropical Deciduous Forest. Three genera and five species, Digitonthophagus gazelle,Digitonthophagus bonasus, Heliocopris midas, Heliocopris bucephalus and Gymnopleurus flagellates were collected. Identification keys and distribution notes are provided. Heliocopris bucephalus was found to be a new country record to Pakistan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51875454).
文摘This paper presents an efficient enhanced snake optimizer termed BEESO for global optimization and engineering applications.As a newly mooted meta-heuristic algorithm,snake optimizer(SO)mathematically models the mating characteristics of snakes to find the optimal solution.SO has a simple structure and offers a delicate balance between exploitation and exploration.However,it also has some shortcomings to be improved.The proposed BEESO consequently aims to lighten the issues of lack of population diversity,convergence slowness,and the tendency to be stuck in local optima in SO.The presentation of Bi-Directional Search(BDS)is to approach the global optimal value along the direction guided by the best and the worst individuals,which makes the convergence speed faster.The increase in population diversity in BEESO benefits from Modified Evolutionary Population Dynamics(MEPD),and the replacement of poorer quality individuals improves population quality.The Elite Opposition-Based Learning(EOBL)provides improved local exploitation ability of BEESO by utilizing solid solutions with good performance.The performance of BEESO is illustrated by comparing its experimental results with several algorithms on benchmark functions and engineering designs.Additionally,the results of the experiment are analyzed again from a statistical point of view using the Friedman and Wilcoxon rank sum tests.The findings show that these introduced strategies provide some improvements in the performance of SO,and the accuracy and stability of the optimization results provided by the proposed BEESO are competitive among all algorithms.To conclude,the proposed BEESO offers a good alternative to solving optimization issues.
文摘In this paper,a proficient numerical technique for the time-fractional telegraph equation(TFTE)is proposed.The chief aim of this paper is to utilize a relatively new type of B-spline called the cubic trigonometric B-spline for the proposed scheme.This technique is based on finite difference formulation for the Caputo time-fractional derivative and cubic trigonometric B-splines based technique for the derivatives in space.A stability analysis of the scheme is presented to confirm that the errors do not amplify.A convergence analysis is also presented.Computational experiments are carried out in addition to verify the theoretical analysis.Numerical results are contrasted with a few present techniques and it is concluded that the presented scheme is progressively right and more compelling.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)grant(Grant No.20180500458)。
文摘The study aimed to achieve enhanced targeted cytotoxicity and cell-internalization of cisplatin-loaded deoxyribonucleic acid-nanothread(CPT-DNA-NT),mediated by scavenger receptors into HeLa cells.DNA-NT was developed with stiff-topology utilizing circular-scaffold to encapsulate CPT.Atomic force microscopy(AFM)characterization of the DNA-NT showed uniformity in the structure with a diameter of 50-150 nm and length of 300-600 nm.The successful fabrication of the DNA-NT was confirmed through native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis,as large the molecular-weight(polymeric)DNA-NT did not split into constituting strands under applied current and voltage.The results of cell viability confirmed that blank DNA-NT had the least cytotoxicity at the highest concentration(512 nM)with a viability of 92%as evidence of its biocompatibility for drug delivery.MTT assay showed superior cytotoxicity of CPT-DNA-NT than that of the free CPT due to the depot release of CPT after DNA-NT internalization.The DNA-NT exhibited targeted cell internalizations with the controlled intracellular release of CPT(from DNA-NT),as illustrated in confocal images.Therefore,in vitro cytotoxicity assessment through flow cytometry showed enhanced apoptosis(72.7%)with CPT-DNA-NT(compared to free CPT;64.4%).CPT-DNA-NT,being poly-anionic,showed enhanced endocytosis via scavenger receptors.
文摘In this numerical study,the effect of quartic autocatalysis type of chemical reaction,buoyancy force and thermal radiation phenomenon and magnetic effect on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid has been studied.By considering the Buongiorno model approach,a diffusion of unequal coefficients in the presence of gyrotactic microorganism is discussed.Implementation of microorganism’s idea is used to stabilize the nanoparticles through bioconvection.The modeled PDEs of the problems are converted into nonlinear ODEs with the assistant of the similarity transformations.To tackle nonlinear ODEs,MATLAB package bvp4c is used.In addition,a hallmark of the Matlab code with the reported results in the literature is achieved by benchmarking.The variations in motion,concentration,temperature,and motile density due to sundry parameters have been analyzed in-depth via graphs.Our analysis shows that the density profile of motile of microorganism is hiked with an increment in the bioconvection Rayleigh number but decreases for higher thermal Grashof number.
文摘This work is concerned with the application of a redefined set of extended uniform cubic B-spline(RECBS)functions for the numerical treatment of time-fractional Telegraph equation.The presented technique engages finite difference formulation for discretizing the Caputo time-fractional derivatives and RECBS functions to interpolate the solution curve along the spatial grid.Stability analysis of the scheme is provided to ensure that the errors do not amplify during the execution of the numerical procedure.The derivation of uniform convergence has also been presented.Some computational experiments are executed to verify the theoretical considerations.Numerical results are compared with the existing schemes and it is concluded that the present scheme returns superior outcomes on the topic.
基金This work was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under project number 2019M663054.
文摘Elecrochemical CO_(2) reduction is a promising route to convert CO_(2) into the value added chemicals,and to control the increasing accumulation of 002 in the atmosphere.The CO_(2) molecule is stable and chemically inert,so a highly efficient electrocatalyst is required for CO_(2) reduction.The single atoms with metal oxdde support is a new fronder in CO_(2) reduction.The supported single atoms contain disperse isolated atoms with an appropriate support maxcimize the atom efficiency of metals for boosting the catalytc perfomance.In this review,we had discussed state-of-the-art research on the synthestis of single atoms supported on the metal oxdde for boosting catalytic activity for CO_(2) reduction and special emphasis is placed on the influence of single atoms supported on metal oxdde on the CO_(2) reduction.Futhermore,we had discussed the challenges,and opportunities for paving the development of single atoms with metal support and their application in ecrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.
文摘Aβhas attracted a great deal of interest in the field of Alzheimer'diseases(AD)research,and its influence on the cells and the neuronal system,has been a pressing issue to clarify with a goal of diagnostic and therapeutic development.In our study,we determine whether mitochondrial impairment by Aβis fatal enough to cause neuronal death in AD conditions.Using Western blot to detect the expression of Bax and Bel-2,we verified incubatina HT22cells with 10 nmol/L Aβfor 24 h had the significant effect on cell apoptosis.
文摘Environmental conditions such as wind, temperature and humidity affect the amount of solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic (PV) cells and thus have a significant effect on the PV output efficiency. This paper aims to analyze the power efficiency of Polycrystalline Silicon solar cells under China’s weather considering these environmental conditions. Performance of the Polycrystalline solar panel is analyzed through eight months of data emphasizing the maximum, average and minimum temperature acquired from a solar power plant installed at Taiyuan University of technology, China consisting of 78 PV panels with a total rated capacity of 20 KW and average module efficiency of 16.56% at an ambient temperature of 25°. The results of our practical investigations show that polycrystalline solar cells in October yield the best monthly average efficiency of 35.6% at an average temperature and humidity level of 14°C and 44%. In comparison to a maximum temperature of 27°C and humidity of 66% in summer, the efficiency is found to drop by 5%. Also, the power produced in winter at minimum temperature and the efficiency showed a decline of 15% compared to that of October. Consequently, this investigation leads to a conclusion that the increase in temperature and humidity together is found to have a negative effect on the efficiency whereas the increase in irradiance and wind speed showed an improvement in the output power of the polycrystalline solar cells.
文摘Multilevel inverters are used in many industrial applications because of good power quality, minimum losses and less harmonics contents. Multilevel inverters require no series connected synchronized switching devices, transformer and complex filters. In this paper 10, 18, 24 diode clamped multi-level inverters (DCMLI) are implemented using trust region dog leg optimization method to find the optimized values of switching angles (θ). It decreases the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltages and to reduce the complexity of external filter required. The multi-level inverters are implemented in MATLAB Simulation and results are compared in terms of harmonics, system complexity and efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472225)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A1515012041)+1 种基金Shenzhen University 2035 Program for Excellent Research(No.2024B003)China and the Special Fund for the Cultivation of Independent Innovation Achievements of Postgraduate Students at Shenzhen University.
文摘The efficiency of Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)solar cells is limited due to interfacial band misalignment and severe non-radiative recombination.ZnSnO(ZTO)is a promising Cd-free buffer layer,offering a potential for favorable band alignment with CZTS absorber.Here,we demonstrate that optimizing the temperature-dependent deposition during reactive magnetron sputtering significantly promotes elemental interdiffusion.For the proposed CZTS/ZTO interface,a favorable“spike-like”band alignment is achieved,effectively enhancing the carrier transport efficiency and reducing the interfacial defect density.Furthermore,Zn diffusion mitigates CuZn(that is,copper atoms sit at sites normally occupied by zinc atoms)antisite defects,reducing the non-radiative recombination and improving the absorber quality.Finally,the champion device achieved the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.90%by sputtering ZTO as buffer layer in CZTS solar cell so far,with a high open circuit voltage(VOC)of 740 mV and a fill factor(FF)of 61.79%.This strategy highlights the potential of sputtered ZTO as a scalable and eco-friendly buffer layer for Cd-free CZTS solar cells.
基金funded by the Higher Education Comission of Pakistan(No.NRPU-20–17341).
文摘Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy(GLD;MIM#245200)is a rare and fatal lysosomal storage disease with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance that results from the deficiency of galactocerebrosidase(GALC;E.C.3.2.1.46),a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the GALC gene.1 GALC breaks down galactosylceramide,a cerebroside located mainly in the myelin sheath.Defects in GALC cause the accumulation of a cytotoxic metabolite,galactosylsphingosine or psychosine,which can be toxic to oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.2 The failure to digest galactosylceramide triggers the formation of multi-nucleated globoid cells,causing severe demyelination,axonopathy,and neuronal death.3 The reported frequency of Krabbe disease is 1 in 100,000 live births with symptoms including irritability,loss of motor ability,spasticity,ataxia,visual dysfunction,seizures,andcognitive impairment.
