Gastric ulcer(GU)is a common digestive system disease.Acupuncture,as one of the external treatments of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has the characteristics of multi-target,multi-pathway and multi-level action in ...Gastric ulcer(GU)is a common digestive system disease.Acupuncture,as one of the external treatments of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has the characteristics of multi-target,multi-pathway and multi-level action in the treatment of GU.The relationship between meridian points and Zang-fu is an important part of the theory of TCM,which is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.There is an external and internal link between acupoints and Zang-fu.The pathological reaction of Zang-fu can manifest as acupoint sensitization,while stimulation of acupoints can play a therapeutic role in the internal Zang-fu.Therefore,the acupoint has the functions of reflecting and treating diseases.This review explores the tender points on the body surface of patients with GU and the rules of acupoint selection.In addition,Zusanli(ST36),as one of the most used acupoints of the stomach meridian,was selected to show the mechanisms behind acupoint stimulation in the treatment of GU in greater detail,specifically in the well-studied model of the stress GU(SGU).Hence,the mechanisms of acupuncture at ST36 and points commonly used in combination with ST36 to treat SGU are discussed further.Treatment effects can be achieved through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities,gastric mucosal injury repair,and interaction with the brain-gut axis.In summary,this review provides evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomena and mechanism of acupoint functions for GU.展开更多
The classical two-scale asymptotic paradigm provides macroscopic and microscopic analyses for the elastodynamic homogenization of periodic composites based on the spatial or/and temporal variable,which offers an appro...The classical two-scale asymptotic paradigm provides macroscopic and microscopic analyses for the elastodynamic homogenization of periodic composites based on the spatial or/and temporal variable,which offers an approximate framework for the asymptotic homogenization analysis of the motion equation.However,in this framework,the growing complexity of the homogenization formulation gradually becomes an obstacle as the asymptotic order increases.In such a context,a compact,fast,and accurate asymptotic paradigm is developed.This work reviews the high-order spatial two-scale asymptotic paradigm with the effective displacement field representation and optimizes the implementation by symmetrizing the tensor to be determined.Remarkably,the modified implementation gets rid of the excessive memory consumption required for computing the high-order tensor,which is demonstrated by representative one-and two-dimensional cases.The numerical results show that(1)the contrast of the material parameters between media in composites directly affects the convergence rate of the asymptotic results for the homogenization of periodic composites,(2)the convergence error of the asymptotic results mainly comes from the truncation error of the modified asymptotic homogenized motion equation,and(3)the excessive norm of the normalized wavenumber vector in the two-dimensional inclusion case may lead to a non-convergence of the asymptotic results.展开更多
Objectives:Since 2014,non-GII.4 norovirus genotypes have increasingly challenged the predominance of GII.4,particularly in Asia.This study analyzed the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of norovirus outbreak...Objectives:Since 2014,non-GII.4 norovirus genotypes have increasingly challenged the predominance of GII.4,particularly in Asia.This study analyzed the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of norovirus outbreaks from January 2017 to June 2024 in a district of Beijing,China.Methods:We tested 2,016 stool samples collected from 309 acute gastroenteritis outbreaks for norovirus using real-time RT-PCR.Partial polymerase and capsid sequences of norovirus-positive samples were amplified and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.Additionally,we performed genome amplification and sequence analysis on seven GII.7[P7]strains.Results:Between January 2017 and June 2024,150 norovirus outbreaks were reported,with GII norovirus causing 83.3%of these outbreaks.We identified 16 distinct genotypes.Among the 102 GII genotype outbreaks,non-GII.4 norovirus outbreaks(81.4%)significantly outnumbered GII.4 norovirus outbreaks(18.6%).The three most prevalent genotypes during the study period were GII.2[P16](46.1%,47/102),GII.3[P12](14.7%,15/102),and GII.4 Sydney[P16](12.7%,13/102).GII.2[P16]predominated in 2017,2018,and 2020,while GII.3[P12]was the dominant genotype in 2022.Multiple genotypes emerged in 2023.In the first half of 2024,GII.4 Sydney[P16]became predominant(36.9%),while a novel GII.7[P7]variant emerged,accounting for 26.3%of outbreaks.All seven GII.7[P7]genome sequences formed an independent branch in both VP1 and polymerase regions.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that non-GII.4 noroviruses play an increasingly important role in outbreaks in Beijing.Continuous surveillance is needed to better understand and control norovirus outbreaks in future epidemic seasons.展开更多
Biological scaffolds have been the focus of bone tissue engineering research in recent years. In this paper, emodin (EM), macromolecular compound polycaprolactone (PCL), and hydroxyapatite (HA) were used as raw materi...Biological scaffolds have been the focus of bone tissue engineering research in recent years. In this paper, emodin (EM), macromolecular compound polycaprolactone (PCL), and hydroxyapatite (HA) were used as raw materials to prepare EM/PCL/HA fibers containing different EM ratios by electrospinning, and the properties and osteogenic efficacy of EM/PCL/HA were studied. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the structures of HA and the electrospun fibers. Results showed that HA has high crystallinity and loose porous structure, and the electrospun fibers have a smooth and flat surface. In vitro release results showed that EM was slowly released from EM/PCL/HA within 216 h. Cell proliferation assay in mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) exhibited that 5% EM/PCL/HA had the best effect on promoting cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mineralized nodules staining results also showed that 5% EM/PCL/HA had the best effect on promoting osteogenic differentiation. qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression level of osteoblast differentiation markers, namely, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-9, and osteocalcin were significantly upregulated by 5% EM/PCL/HA treatment. These results indicate that EM/PCL/HA is a potential osteogenic material, which can provide a reference for the development of bone injury repair materials.展开更多
Since March 11th,2020,COVID-19 has been a global pandemic for more than one years due to a long and infectious incubation period.This paper establishes a heterogeneous epidemic model that divides the incubation period...Since March 11th,2020,COVID-19 has been a global pandemic for more than one years due to a long and infectious incubation period.This paper establishes a heterogeneous epidemic model that divides the incubation period into infectious and non-infectious and employs the Bayesian framework to model the‘Diamond Princess’enclosed space incident.The heterogeneity includes two different identities,two transmission methods,two different-size rooms,and six transmission stages.This model is also applicable to similar mixed structures,including closed schools,hospitals,and communities.As the COVID-19 pandemic continues,our mathematical modeling can provide management insights to the governments and policymakers on how the COVID-19 disease has spread and what prevention strategies still need to be taken.展开更多
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3501705)National Natural Science Foundation of China general projects(No.82274066)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.22S21901200).
文摘Gastric ulcer(GU)is a common digestive system disease.Acupuncture,as one of the external treatments of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has the characteristics of multi-target,multi-pathway and multi-level action in the treatment of GU.The relationship between meridian points and Zang-fu is an important part of the theory of TCM,which is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.There is an external and internal link between acupoints and Zang-fu.The pathological reaction of Zang-fu can manifest as acupoint sensitization,while stimulation of acupoints can play a therapeutic role in the internal Zang-fu.Therefore,the acupoint has the functions of reflecting and treating diseases.This review explores the tender points on the body surface of patients with GU and the rules of acupoint selection.In addition,Zusanli(ST36),as one of the most used acupoints of the stomach meridian,was selected to show the mechanisms behind acupoint stimulation in the treatment of GU in greater detail,specifically in the well-studied model of the stress GU(SGU).Hence,the mechanisms of acupuncture at ST36 and points commonly used in combination with ST36 to treat SGU are discussed further.Treatment effects can be achieved through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities,gastric mucosal injury repair,and interaction with the brain-gut axis.In summary,this review provides evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomena and mechanism of acupoint functions for GU.
文摘The classical two-scale asymptotic paradigm provides macroscopic and microscopic analyses for the elastodynamic homogenization of periodic composites based on the spatial or/and temporal variable,which offers an approximate framework for the asymptotic homogenization analysis of the motion equation.However,in this framework,the growing complexity of the homogenization formulation gradually becomes an obstacle as the asymptotic order increases.In such a context,a compact,fast,and accurate asymptotic paradigm is developed.This work reviews the high-order spatial two-scale asymptotic paradigm with the effective displacement field representation and optimizes the implementation by symmetrizing the tensor to be determined.Remarkably,the modified implementation gets rid of the excessive memory consumption required for computing the high-order tensor,which is demonstrated by representative one-and two-dimensional cases.The numerical results show that(1)the contrast of the material parameters between media in composites directly affects the convergence rate of the asymptotic results for the homogenization of periodic composites,(2)the convergence error of the asymptotic results mainly comes from the truncation error of the modified asymptotic homogenized motion equation,and(3)the excessive norm of the normalized wavenumber vector in the two-dimensional inclusion case may lead to a non-convergence of the asymptotic results.
基金Supported by High-level Public Health Technology Talent Construction Project:Discipline Backbone-01-026.
文摘Objectives:Since 2014,non-GII.4 norovirus genotypes have increasingly challenged the predominance of GII.4,particularly in Asia.This study analyzed the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of norovirus outbreaks from January 2017 to June 2024 in a district of Beijing,China.Methods:We tested 2,016 stool samples collected from 309 acute gastroenteritis outbreaks for norovirus using real-time RT-PCR.Partial polymerase and capsid sequences of norovirus-positive samples were amplified and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.Additionally,we performed genome amplification and sequence analysis on seven GII.7[P7]strains.Results:Between January 2017 and June 2024,150 norovirus outbreaks were reported,with GII norovirus causing 83.3%of these outbreaks.We identified 16 distinct genotypes.Among the 102 GII genotype outbreaks,non-GII.4 norovirus outbreaks(81.4%)significantly outnumbered GII.4 norovirus outbreaks(18.6%).The three most prevalent genotypes during the study period were GII.2[P16](46.1%,47/102),GII.3[P12](14.7%,15/102),and GII.4 Sydney[P16](12.7%,13/102).GII.2[P16]predominated in 2017,2018,and 2020,while GII.3[P12]was the dominant genotype in 2022.Multiple genotypes emerged in 2023.In the first half of 2024,GII.4 Sydney[P16]became predominant(36.9%),while a novel GII.7[P7]variant emerged,accounting for 26.3%of outbreaks.All seven GII.7[P7]genome sequences formed an independent branch in both VP1 and polymerase regions.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that non-GII.4 noroviruses play an increasingly important role in outbreaks in Beijing.Continuous surveillance is needed to better understand and control norovirus outbreaks in future epidemic seasons.
基金supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81871756 and No.51672178)Innovation Fund of National Orthopaedic and Exercise Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center(2021-NCRC-CXJJ-ZH-13).
文摘Biological scaffolds have been the focus of bone tissue engineering research in recent years. In this paper, emodin (EM), macromolecular compound polycaprolactone (PCL), and hydroxyapatite (HA) were used as raw materials to prepare EM/PCL/HA fibers containing different EM ratios by electrospinning, and the properties and osteogenic efficacy of EM/PCL/HA were studied. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the structures of HA and the electrospun fibers. Results showed that HA has high crystallinity and loose porous structure, and the electrospun fibers have a smooth and flat surface. In vitro release results showed that EM was slowly released from EM/PCL/HA within 216 h. Cell proliferation assay in mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) exhibited that 5% EM/PCL/HA had the best effect on promoting cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mineralized nodules staining results also showed that 5% EM/PCL/HA had the best effect on promoting osteogenic differentiation. qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression level of osteoblast differentiation markers, namely, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-9, and osteocalcin were significantly upregulated by 5% EM/PCL/HA treatment. These results indicate that EM/PCL/HA is a potential osteogenic material, which can provide a reference for the development of bone injury repair materials.
文摘Since March 11th,2020,COVID-19 has been a global pandemic for more than one years due to a long and infectious incubation period.This paper establishes a heterogeneous epidemic model that divides the incubation period into infectious and non-infectious and employs the Bayesian framework to model the‘Diamond Princess’enclosed space incident.The heterogeneity includes two different identities,two transmission methods,two different-size rooms,and six transmission stages.This model is also applicable to similar mixed structures,including closed schools,hospitals,and communities.As the COVID-19 pandemic continues,our mathematical modeling can provide management insights to the governments and policymakers on how the COVID-19 disease has spread and what prevention strategies still need to be taken.
