A large amount of propellant materials are produced every year,and storage and disposal of these propellant materials seriously contributes to environmental pollution.Alkyne terminated polybutadiene with urethane segm...A large amount of propellant materials are produced every year,and storage and disposal of these propellant materials seriously contributes to environmental pollution.Alkyne terminated polybutadiene with urethane segments(PUPB)is the macromolecule backbone of these propellant materials,and degradation of PUPB is central to the eco-friendly treatment of propellant materials.In this study,we isolated a polyurethane(PU)-and PUPB-degrading fungus from soils contaminated with rocket propellant,and the fungus H14 was identified as Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.based on macro-and micro-morphology as well as phylogenetic analyses.The ability of F.solani H14 to degrade PU film and PUPB patches was evaluated via mass loss,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and enzyme production ability.Mass loss analyses revealed a 25.8%reduction in mass of PU and 1.3%reduction in mass of PUPB after F.solani H14 was incubated with PU and PUPB for 90 days,respectively.We found that F.solani H14 mycelia significantly colonized both PU and PUPB.SEM images showed that the surface of PU films and PUPB patches formed holes,underwent folding and experienced damage as well as irregular fissuring from the erosion of fungal hypha.Moreover,two possible degradative enzymes,lipase and esterase,were produced by F.solani.Our study opens a new avenue of research for eco-friendly treatments of explosive materials and propellants.This paper represents the first article on the degradation of PUPB patches.展开更多
Wild edible fungi(WEF),including mushrooms and truffles,comprise a natural source of nutritious and healthy food.The consumption of WEF began at least 18,700 years ago during the Stone Age.Current data from over 100 c...Wild edible fungi(WEF),including mushrooms and truffles,comprise a natural source of nutritious and healthy food.The consumption of WEF began at least 18,700 years ago during the Stone Age.Current data from over 100 countries indicates the existence of more than 2,100 edible species,a figure that is continually growing,as vast regions and many cultures remain understudied.However,only around 30 species of WEF are grown commercially at a large-scale.WEF also play a key ecological role in the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems and have significantly contributed in shaping all life on the planet.Either as food,medicine or both,they are important for the survival,cultures,and economies of hundreds of ethnic groups around the globe.Over the last 15 years,there has been a noteworthy increase in the international trade of WEF,which is currently estimated at billions(USD)annually.In 2017,the WEF global trade,of either fresh or processed products,exceeded 1,230,000 tonnes.Due to their ecological,sociocultural and economic importance,the international WEF trade has a role to play in the post-pandemic recovery period.The main challenge of this period will be maintaining natural ecosystems while simultaneously improving human wellbeing.Critical elements of this challenge include ensuring food security,enhancing rural development,creating sustainable jobs,mitigating hunger,and slowing the loss of traditional knowledge generated over millennia.This review analyzes the ways in which sustainable use of WEF could contribute to achieving these goals.展开更多
Intraspecies colour variations in cultivated edible mushrooms present novel and potentially valuable alternatives to the research and cultivation industries.In this study,we collected,identified,and domesticated a whi...Intraspecies colour variations in cultivated edible mushrooms present novel and potentially valuable alternatives to the research and cultivation industries.In this study,we collected,identified,and domesticated a white strain of Auricularia cornea from Thailand.The brown strain of A.cornea is one of the top two species of Auricularia cultivated and traded in Asia.Since both white and brown phenotypes of A.cornea belong to a single species,we established their similarities or differences.Both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequence data were used to confirm the taxonomic placement of the white A.cornea strain in the same clade with the brown A.cornea.Nutritional analysis showed that fat,fiber,protein,and total soluble sugar contents of the white A.cornea were significantly higher than the commercially used brown strain.The melanin content of the white strain of A.cornea(less than 1.5 mg/100g)was not significantly different from that of the brown strain.This discovery may create new opportunities for the mushroom growing industry and for smallholder farmers in Asia.展开更多
Panus conchatus is a species of lentinoid fungi in the family Polyporaceae.This species is characterized by its concave,smooth,deeply decurrent gills,with distinctive purple grey to greyish magenta basidiocarps.This f...Panus conchatus is a species of lentinoid fungi in the family Polyporaceae.This species is characterized by its concave,smooth,deeply decurrent gills,with distinctive purple grey to greyish magenta basidiocarps.This fungus is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate regions.Here,we report a specimen of P.conchatus collected from a temperate region in Yunnan Province,China.The specimen is described and illustrated based on macro-and micro-morphological characteristics.Phylogenetic analyses were done based on the sequence data of ITS and LSU,and the placement of the taxon was confirmed.This is the first time P.conchatus has been reported with molecular phylogenetic data from China.Full description,illustrations,color photographs,and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of P.conchatus are provided.展开更多
基金This work was financed by Open Research Fund Program of Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory(STACPL320181B04)We also would like to thank the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC21975066,NSFC21875061).
文摘A large amount of propellant materials are produced every year,and storage and disposal of these propellant materials seriously contributes to environmental pollution.Alkyne terminated polybutadiene with urethane segments(PUPB)is the macromolecule backbone of these propellant materials,and degradation of PUPB is central to the eco-friendly treatment of propellant materials.In this study,we isolated a polyurethane(PU)-and PUPB-degrading fungus from soils contaminated with rocket propellant,and the fungus H14 was identified as Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.based on macro-and micro-morphology as well as phylogenetic analyses.The ability of F.solani H14 to degrade PU film and PUPB patches was evaluated via mass loss,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and enzyme production ability.Mass loss analyses revealed a 25.8%reduction in mass of PU and 1.3%reduction in mass of PUPB after F.solani H14 was incubated with PU and PUPB for 90 days,respectively.We found that F.solani H14 mycelia significantly colonized both PU and PUPB.SEM images showed that the surface of PU films and PUPB patches formed holes,underwent folding and experienced damage as well as irregular fissuring from the erosion of fungal hypha.Moreover,two possible degradative enzymes,lipase and esterase,were produced by F.solani.Our study opens a new avenue of research for eco-friendly treatments of explosive materials and propellants.This paper represents the first article on the degradation of PUPB patches.
基金This study was funded by a grant(No.31861143002)of NSFC-CGIARThe first author would like to thank Dr.Faustino Hernández-Santiago and Dr.Magdalena Martínez-Reyes for his technical help to analyze the information presented in Figures 1,2 and 4 and to the Mexican Council of Science and Technology(CONACYT)PRONACES FOP07-2021-03 Project 316198+1 种基金Peter E Mortimer would like to thank the"High-End Foreign Experts"in the High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Province,2021.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)young staff under the grant number:2020FYC0002the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under the project code 31851110759.
文摘Wild edible fungi(WEF),including mushrooms and truffles,comprise a natural source of nutritious and healthy food.The consumption of WEF began at least 18,700 years ago during the Stone Age.Current data from over 100 countries indicates the existence of more than 2,100 edible species,a figure that is continually growing,as vast regions and many cultures remain understudied.However,only around 30 species of WEF are grown commercially at a large-scale.WEF also play a key ecological role in the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems and have significantly contributed in shaping all life on the planet.Either as food,medicine or both,they are important for the survival,cultures,and economies of hundreds of ethnic groups around the globe.Over the last 15 years,there has been a noteworthy increase in the international trade of WEF,which is currently estimated at billions(USD)annually.In 2017,the WEF global trade,of either fresh or processed products,exceeded 1,230,000 tonnes.Due to their ecological,sociocultural and economic importance,the international WEF trade has a role to play in the post-pandemic recovery period.The main challenge of this period will be maintaining natural ecosystems while simultaneously improving human wellbeing.Critical elements of this challenge include ensuring food security,enhancing rural development,creating sustainable jobs,mitigating hunger,and slowing the loss of traditional knowledge generated over millennia.This review analyzes the ways in which sustainable use of WEF could contribute to achieving these goals.
基金support under the following grants:41761144055,41771063,Y4ZK111B01Samantha C.Karunarathna would like to thank the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)young staff under the grant number:2020FYC0002+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31750110478 for funding this work.K.D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund for the grant“Domestication and bioactive evaluation of Thai Hymenopellis,Oudemansiella,Xerula and Volvariella species(basidiomycetes)”Grant No.:DBG6180033funding this work.K.D.Hyde would also like to thank the Thailand Science Research and Innovation(TSRI)grant,Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding areas(Grant No.DBG6280009).
文摘Intraspecies colour variations in cultivated edible mushrooms present novel and potentially valuable alternatives to the research and cultivation industries.In this study,we collected,identified,and domesticated a white strain of Auricularia cornea from Thailand.The brown strain of A.cornea is one of the top two species of Auricularia cultivated and traded in Asia.Since both white and brown phenotypes of A.cornea belong to a single species,we established their similarities or differences.Both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequence data were used to confirm the taxonomic placement of the white A.cornea strain in the same clade with the brown A.cornea.Nutritional analysis showed that fat,fiber,protein,and total soluble sugar contents of the white A.cornea were significantly higher than the commercially used brown strain.The melanin content of the white strain of A.cornea(less than 1.5 mg/100g)was not significantly different from that of the brown strain.This discovery may create new opportunities for the mushroom growing industry and for smallholder farmers in Asia.
基金support given by the Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,Yunnan Province,Chinathe Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China for enabling our molecular phylogenetic work。
文摘Panus conchatus is a species of lentinoid fungi in the family Polyporaceae.This species is characterized by its concave,smooth,deeply decurrent gills,with distinctive purple grey to greyish magenta basidiocarps.This fungus is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate regions.Here,we report a specimen of P.conchatus collected from a temperate region in Yunnan Province,China.The specimen is described and illustrated based on macro-and micro-morphological characteristics.Phylogenetic analyses were done based on the sequence data of ITS and LSU,and the placement of the taxon was confirmed.This is the first time P.conchatus has been reported with molecular phylogenetic data from China.Full description,illustrations,color photographs,and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of P.conchatus are provided.
