Chemical cocktails in the environment can cause adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health even at low concentrations.Effect-directed analysis(EDA)has proven to be very valuable in identifying key toxic substances...Chemical cocktails in the environment can cause adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health even at low concentrations.Effect-directed analysis(EDA)has proven to be very valuable in identifying key toxic substances in environmental mixtures.For this,it is important to carefully select accurate bioassays from a wide range of tests for EDA when applying it to actual environmental samples.This article reviews studies published from2014 to 2023 that have applied EDA and summarizes the bioassays and their corresponding biological effects.A total of 127 studies were selected from 591 publications evaluating the toxic effects of environmental samples,including wastewater,surface water,and sediments.Here,bioassays used in EDA are summarized,including the assays that measure specific receptormediated modes of action(MOA),induction of xenobiotic metabolism pathways,and induction of adaptive stress response pathways using either in vitro or in vivo bioassays.Also,the identified substances using EDA are discussed based on their MOA.The importance of EDA in establishing a comprehensive approach for the detection of environmental contaminants using bioanalytical methods is emphasized.The current limitations and benefits of using EDA in practical applications are outlined and strategies for moving forward are proposed.展开更多
Soil is inhabited by a myriad of microorganisms,many of which can form supracellular structures,called biofilms,comprised of surface-associated microbial cells embedded in hydrated extracellular polymeric substance th...Soil is inhabited by a myriad of microorganisms,many of which can form supracellular structures,called biofilms,comprised of surface-associated microbial cells embedded in hydrated extracellular polymeric substance that facilitates adhesion and survival.Biofilms enable intensive inter-and intra-species interactions that can increase the degradation efficiency of soil organic matter and materials commonly regarded as toxins.Here,we first discuss organization,dynamics and properties of soil biofilms in the context of traditional approaches to probe the soil microbiome.Social interactions among bacteria,such as cooperation and competition,are discussed.We also summarize different biofilm cultivation devices in combination with optics and fluorescence microscopes as well as sequencing techniques for the study of soil biofilms.Microfluidic platforms,which can be applied to mimic the complex soil environment and study microbial behaviors at the microscale with highthroughput screening and novel measurements,are also highlighted.This review aims to highlight soil biofilm research in order to expand the current limited knowledge about soil microbiomes which until now has mostly ignored biofilms as a dominant growth form.展开更多
The amyloid aggregation of peptides and proteins is a hallmark of neurological disorders and type 2 diabetes.Human islet amyloid polypeptide(IAPP),co-secreted with insulin by pancreaticβ-cells,plays dual roles in bot...The amyloid aggregation of peptides and proteins is a hallmark of neurological disorders and type 2 diabetes.Human islet amyloid polypeptide(IAPP),co-secreted with insulin by pancreaticβ-cells,plays dual roles in both glycemic control and the pathology of type 2 diabetes.While IAPP can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and modulate cellular autophagy,apoptosis and extracellular matrix metabolism,no data is available concerning intracellular protein expression upon exposure to the polypeptide.More surprisingly,how intracellular protein expression is modulated by nanoparticle inhibitors of protein aggregation remains entirely unknown.In this study,we first examined the changing proteomes ofβTC6,a pancreaticβ-cell line,upon exposure to monomeric,oligomeric and fibrillar IAPP,and detailed cellular protein expression rescued by graphene quantum dots(GQDs),an IAPP inhibitor.We found that 29 proteins were significantly dysregulated by the IAPP species,while majority of these proteins were nucleotide-binding proteins.Collectively,our liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry,fluorescence quenching,helium ion microscopy,cytotoxicity and discreet molecular dynamics simulations data revealed a remarkable capacity of GQDs in regulating aberrant protein expression through H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions,pointing to nanomedicine as a new frontier against human amyloid diseases.展开更多
Microfluidics confers unique advantages in microbiological studies as these devices can accurately replicate the micro-and even nano-scale structures of soil to simulate the habitats of bacteria.It not only helps us u...Microfluidics confers unique advantages in microbiological studies as these devices can accurately replicate the micro-and even nano-scale structures of soil to simulate the habitats of bacteria.It not only helps us understand the spatial distribution of bacterial communities(such as biofilms),but also provides mechanistic insights into microbial behaviors including chemotaxis and horizontal gene transfer(HGT).Microfluidics provides a feasible means for real-time,in situ studies and enables indepth exploration of the mechanisms of interactions in the soil microbiome.This review aims to introduce the basic principles of microfluidic technology and summarize the recent progress in microfluidic devices to study bacterial spatial distribution and functions,as well as biological processes,such bacterial chemotaxis,biofilm streamers(BS),quorum sensing(QS),and HGT.The challenges in and future development of microfluidics for soil microbiological studies are also discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22106157 and U20A20133)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0606700)+1 种基金the CIRP Open Fund of Radiation Protection Laboratories(No.ZFYHHJMN-2023003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang,China.
文摘Chemical cocktails in the environment can cause adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health even at low concentrations.Effect-directed analysis(EDA)has proven to be very valuable in identifying key toxic substances in environmental mixtures.For this,it is important to carefully select accurate bioassays from a wide range of tests for EDA when applying it to actual environmental samples.This article reviews studies published from2014 to 2023 that have applied EDA and summarizes the bioassays and their corresponding biological effects.A total of 127 studies were selected from 591 publications evaluating the toxic effects of environmental samples,including wastewater,surface water,and sediments.Here,bioassays used in EDA are summarized,including the assays that measure specific receptormediated modes of action(MOA),induction of xenobiotic metabolism pathways,and induction of adaptive stress response pathways using either in vitro or in vivo bioassays.Also,the identified substances using EDA are discussed based on their MOA.The importance of EDA in establishing a comprehensive approach for the detection of environmental contaminants using bioanalytical methods is emphasized.The current limitations and benefits of using EDA in practical applications are outlined and strategies for moving forward are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877029)the National Basic Research Program of China(2016YFD0800206)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662017JC008).
文摘Soil is inhabited by a myriad of microorganisms,many of which can form supracellular structures,called biofilms,comprised of surface-associated microbial cells embedded in hydrated extracellular polymeric substance that facilitates adhesion and survival.Biofilms enable intensive inter-and intra-species interactions that can increase the degradation efficiency of soil organic matter and materials commonly regarded as toxins.Here,we first discuss organization,dynamics and properties of soil biofilms in the context of traditional approaches to probe the soil microbiome.Social interactions among bacteria,such as cooperation and competition,are discussed.We also summarize different biofilm cultivation devices in combination with optics and fluorescence microscopes as well as sequencing techniques for the study of soil biofilms.Microfluidic platforms,which can be applied to mimic the complex soil environment and study microbial behaviors at the microscale with highthroughput screening and novel measurements,are also highlighted.This review aims to highlight soil biofilm research in order to expand the current limited knowledge about soil microbiomes which until now has mostly ignored biofilms as a dominant growth form.
基金This work was conceived by PCK,and was by supported by ARC Project No.CE140100036(Davis),NSF CAREER CBET-1553945(Ding),NIH MIRA R35GM119691(Ding),AFTAM Research Collaboration Award(Davis and Ke),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11904189)(Sun)the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation(Purcell and Faridi).A.W.P.is supported by a Principal Research Fellowship from the Australian NHMRC.TEM imaging was performed at Bio21 Advanced Microscopy Facility,University of Melbourne.HIM imaging was performed at the MCFP platform,University of Melbourne by Dr.Anders Barlow.
文摘The amyloid aggregation of peptides and proteins is a hallmark of neurological disorders and type 2 diabetes.Human islet amyloid polypeptide(IAPP),co-secreted with insulin by pancreaticβ-cells,plays dual roles in both glycemic control and the pathology of type 2 diabetes.While IAPP can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and modulate cellular autophagy,apoptosis and extracellular matrix metabolism,no data is available concerning intracellular protein expression upon exposure to the polypeptide.More surprisingly,how intracellular protein expression is modulated by nanoparticle inhibitors of protein aggregation remains entirely unknown.In this study,we first examined the changing proteomes ofβTC6,a pancreaticβ-cell line,upon exposure to monomeric,oligomeric and fibrillar IAPP,and detailed cellular protein expression rescued by graphene quantum dots(GQDs),an IAPP inhibitor.We found that 29 proteins were significantly dysregulated by the IAPP species,while majority of these proteins were nucleotide-binding proteins.Collectively,our liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry,fluorescence quenching,helium ion microscopy,cytotoxicity and discreet molecular dynamics simulations data revealed a remarkable capacity of GQDs in regulating aberrant protein expression through H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions,pointing to nanomedicine as a new frontier against human amyloid diseases.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877029,41961130383)Royal SocietyNewton Advanced Fellowship(NAF\R1\191017)Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(2019020701011469).
文摘Microfluidics confers unique advantages in microbiological studies as these devices can accurately replicate the micro-and even nano-scale structures of soil to simulate the habitats of bacteria.It not only helps us understand the spatial distribution of bacterial communities(such as biofilms),but also provides mechanistic insights into microbial behaviors including chemotaxis and horizontal gene transfer(HGT).Microfluidics provides a feasible means for real-time,in situ studies and enables indepth exploration of the mechanisms of interactions in the soil microbiome.This review aims to introduce the basic principles of microfluidic technology and summarize the recent progress in microfluidic devices to study bacterial spatial distribution and functions,as well as biological processes,such bacterial chemotaxis,biofilm streamers(BS),quorum sensing(QS),and HGT.The challenges in and future development of microfluidics for soil microbiological studies are also discussed.
