Geo-engineering problems are known for their complexity and high uncertainty levels,requiring precise defini-tions,past experiences,logical reasoning,mathematical analysis,and practical insight to address them effecti...Geo-engineering problems are known for their complexity and high uncertainty levels,requiring precise defini-tions,past experiences,logical reasoning,mathematical analysis,and practical insight to address them effectively.Soft Computing(SC)methods have gained popularity in engineering disciplines such as mining and civil engineering due to computer hardware and machine learning advancements.Unlike traditional hard computing approaches,SC models use soft values and fuzzy sets to navigate uncertain environments.This study focuses on the application of SC methods to predict backbreak,a common issue in blasting operations within mining and civil projects.Backbreak,which refers to the unintended fracturing of rock beyond the desired blast perimeter,can significantly impact project timelines and costs.This study aims to explore how SC methods can be effectively employed to anticipate and mitigate the undesirable consequences of blasting operations,specifically focusing on backbreak prediction.The research explores the complexities of backbreak prediction and highlights the potential benefits of utilizing SC methods to address this challenging issue in geo-engineering projects.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E（VE; 1 500 or 3 000 international units（IU） d^（-1）） and fat（2% of dry matter calcium salt of soybean oil） supplementation during the transiti...The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E（VE; 1 500 or 3 000 international units（IU） d^（-1）） and fat（2% of dry matter calcium salt of soybean oil） supplementation during the transition period on feed intake, milk yield and composition and blood metabolites of dairy cows. 48 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned into one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of vitamin E and supplemental dietary fat during the transition period. Treatments were： 1） 1 500 IU d^（-1） vitamin E without fat supplementation（1 500VE-F）; 2） 1 500 IU d^（-1） vitamin E with fat supplement（1 500VE＋F）; 3） 3 000 IU d^（-1） vitamin E without fat supplementation（3 000VE-F）; and 4） 3 000 IU d^（-1） vitamin E with fat supplement（3 000VE＋F）. Dietary treatments were initiated at approximately 28 d before expected calving dates and continued through 28 d postpartum. Dry matter intake（DMI） was unaffected（P〉0.05） by prepartum treatment. Regardless of vitamin E supplementation, DMI was greater（P〈0.01） in fat-supplemented cows compared with un-supplemented cows（19.60 vs. 18.45 kg d^（-1）; SEM=0.42） during the postpartum period. Energy balance and body weight were not affected（P〉0.05） by treatments. Postpartum diets had no significant effect on milk yield or milk composition. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, and insulin were not affected（P〉0.05） by treatments. Regardless of vitamin E supplementation, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was greater（P〈0.05） in fat-supplemented cows compared with un-supplemented cows during the postpartum period. These results showed no indication of positive effects on lactation performance associated with vitamin E and dietary fat supplement in transition cows.展开更多
As a widely used rock excavation method in civil and mining construction works, the blasting operations and theinduced side effects are always investigated by the existing studies. The occurrence of flyrock is regarde...As a widely used rock excavation method in civil and mining construction works, the blasting operations and theinduced side effects are always investigated by the existing studies. The occurrence of flyrock is regarded as one ofthe most important issues induced by blasting operations, since the accurate prediction of which is crucial fordelineating safety zone. For this purpose, this study developed a flyrock prediction model based on 234 sets ofblasting data collected from Sugun Copper Mine site. A stacked multiple kernel support vector machine (stackedMK-SVM) model was proposed for flyrock prediction. The proposed stacked structure can effectively improve themodel performance by addressing the importance level of different features. For comparison purpose, 6 othermachine learning models were developed, including SVM, MK-SVM, Lagragian Twin SVM (LTSVM), ArtificialNeural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF) and M5 Tree. This study implemented a 5-fold cross validationprocess for hyperparameters tuning purpose. According to the evaluation results, the proposed stacked MK-SVMmodel achieved the best overall performance, with RMSE of 1.73 and 1.74, MAE of 0.58 and 1.08, VAF of 98.95and 99.25 in training and testing phase, respectively.展开更多
Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoc...Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with Piriformospora indica(Pi) and co-inoculating Pi with Glomus intraradices(Gi+Pi) or Sinorhizobium meliloti(Sm+Pi) on hay yield,chemical composition,molecular structures by Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,in situ ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production.Seedlings were grown in experimental pots in a greenhouse until first cut and then transferred outside and cut a further 4 times.Biomass yield was similar across the treatments.Acid detergent fiber(ADF) concentration was higher in Pi than in control hay,and ADF decreased further with co-inoculation(P < 0.05).The ether extract(EE) concentration was lower for Pi and Gi+Pi compared with control hay,and control,Pi and Gi+Pi hays had lower EE concentration compared with Sm+Pi(P < 0.05).The FTIR spectroscopic vibration peak height ratio related to proteins(amide1+amide 2): total carbohydrate ratio was lower for the inoculation treatments compared with control hay(P < 0.05).In situ ruminal degradability of dry matter and organic matter were higher for hay of inoculated and co-inoculated seedlings than for control hay(P < 0.05).In conclusion,hay of alfalfa seedlings inoculated and co-inoculated with root growth promoting microorganisms had improved nutritional value compared with hay from non-treated alfalfa seedlings,and co-inoculation was the most effective,however,changes were relatively minor.展开更多
文摘Geo-engineering problems are known for their complexity and high uncertainty levels,requiring precise defini-tions,past experiences,logical reasoning,mathematical analysis,and practical insight to address them effectively.Soft Computing(SC)methods have gained popularity in engineering disciplines such as mining and civil engineering due to computer hardware and machine learning advancements.Unlike traditional hard computing approaches,SC models use soft values and fuzzy sets to navigate uncertain environments.This study focuses on the application of SC methods to predict backbreak,a common issue in blasting operations within mining and civil projects.Backbreak,which refers to the unintended fracturing of rock beyond the desired blast perimeter,can significantly impact project timelines and costs.This study aims to explore how SC methods can be effectively employed to anticipate and mitigate the undesirable consequences of blasting operations,specifically focusing on backbreak prediction.The research explores the complexities of backbreak prediction and highlights the potential benefits of utilizing SC methods to address this challenging issue in geo-engineering projects.
基金Isfahan University of Technology (IUT, Isfahan, Iran) for their financial support of this studythe personnel of Lavark Research Station (IUT) for their diligent animal care throughout the experiment
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E（VE; 1 500 or 3 000 international units（IU） d^（-1）） and fat（2% of dry matter calcium salt of soybean oil） supplementation during the transition period on feed intake, milk yield and composition and blood metabolites of dairy cows. 48 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned into one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of vitamin E and supplemental dietary fat during the transition period. Treatments were： 1） 1 500 IU d^（-1） vitamin E without fat supplementation（1 500VE-F）; 2） 1 500 IU d^（-1） vitamin E with fat supplement（1 500VE＋F）; 3） 3 000 IU d^（-1） vitamin E without fat supplementation（3 000VE-F）; and 4） 3 000 IU d^（-1） vitamin E with fat supplement（3 000VE＋F）. Dietary treatments were initiated at approximately 28 d before expected calving dates and continued through 28 d postpartum. Dry matter intake（DMI） was unaffected（P〉0.05） by prepartum treatment. Regardless of vitamin E supplementation, DMI was greater（P〈0.01） in fat-supplemented cows compared with un-supplemented cows（19.60 vs. 18.45 kg d^（-1）; SEM=0.42） during the postpartum period. Energy balance and body weight were not affected（P〉0.05） by treatments. Postpartum diets had no significant effect on milk yield or milk composition. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, and insulin were not affected（P〉0.05） by treatments. Regardless of vitamin E supplementation, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was greater（P〈0.05） in fat-supplemented cows compared with un-supplemented cows during the postpartum period. These results showed no indication of positive effects on lactation performance associated with vitamin E and dietary fat supplement in transition cows.
文摘As a widely used rock excavation method in civil and mining construction works, the blasting operations and theinduced side effects are always investigated by the existing studies. The occurrence of flyrock is regarded as one ofthe most important issues induced by blasting operations, since the accurate prediction of which is crucial fordelineating safety zone. For this purpose, this study developed a flyrock prediction model based on 234 sets ofblasting data collected from Sugun Copper Mine site. A stacked multiple kernel support vector machine (stackedMK-SVM) model was proposed for flyrock prediction. The proposed stacked structure can effectively improve themodel performance by addressing the importance level of different features. For comparison purpose, 6 othermachine learning models were developed, including SVM, MK-SVM, Lagragian Twin SVM (LTSVM), ArtificialNeural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF) and M5 Tree. This study implemented a 5-fold cross validationprocess for hyperparameters tuning purpose. According to the evaluation results, the proposed stacked MK-SVMmodel achieved the best overall performance, with RMSE of 1.73 and 1.74, MAE of 0.58 and 1.08, VAF of 98.95and 99.25 in training and testing phase, respectively.
文摘Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with Piriformospora indica(Pi) and co-inoculating Pi with Glomus intraradices(Gi+Pi) or Sinorhizobium meliloti(Sm+Pi) on hay yield,chemical composition,molecular structures by Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,in situ ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production.Seedlings were grown in experimental pots in a greenhouse until first cut and then transferred outside and cut a further 4 times.Biomass yield was similar across the treatments.Acid detergent fiber(ADF) concentration was higher in Pi than in control hay,and ADF decreased further with co-inoculation(P < 0.05).The ether extract(EE) concentration was lower for Pi and Gi+Pi compared with control hay,and control,Pi and Gi+Pi hays had lower EE concentration compared with Sm+Pi(P < 0.05).The FTIR spectroscopic vibration peak height ratio related to proteins(amide1+amide 2): total carbohydrate ratio was lower for the inoculation treatments compared with control hay(P < 0.05).In situ ruminal degradability of dry matter and organic matter were higher for hay of inoculated and co-inoculated seedlings than for control hay(P < 0.05).In conclusion,hay of alfalfa seedlings inoculated and co-inoculated with root growth promoting microorganisms had improved nutritional value compared with hay from non-treated alfalfa seedlings,and co-inoculation was the most effective,however,changes were relatively minor.
