Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate.Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges.Extracellular vesic...Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate.Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),including exosomes,have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for various pathological conditions,especially cancer.Evidence indicates that changes in the quantity and composition of EVs can influence the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,potentially affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy.Exploiting EVs for immune sensitization has generated significant clinical interest.This review provides an in-depth understanding of the origin of EVs,their therapeutic applications(such as drug delivery nanoplatforms and cancer immunotherapies,including vaccines),diagnostic potential as tumor biomarkers,ongoing EV-based clinical trials,and the challenges encountered in EV-based cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
CRISPR represent a groundbreaking genome-editing technology that has revolutionized genetic modification.This innovative tool offers an unparalleled revolution in the future treatment of genetic disorders,neurological...CRISPR represent a groundbreaking genome-editing technology that has revolutionized genetic modification.This innovative tool offers an unparalleled revolution in the future treatment of genetic disorders,neurological diseases,infectious diseases and cancer.Despite the rapid expansion of CRISPR applications,its clinical use in humans is still relatively limited,with only 69 active clinical trials and 6 completed studies reported so far.This review examined current clinical trials and their processes in addressing various diseases via the CRISPR/Cas system.While earlier literatures have focused mainly on delivery methods and materials for CRISPR/Cas9,our review emphasized innovative targeting conditions and approaches for novel and functional therapeutic designs.In addition,we reviewed recent research to increase the efficiency of CRISPR editing in the management of genetic disorders and cancer,while exploring their future challenges and potential.This review provided a unique perspective on the advancement of CRISPR technology.By addressing these aspects,we aim to contribute to ongoing efforts to improve CRISPR-based therapies and expand their clinical applications,ultimately striving to transform the future of medical treatment.展开更多
Cancer,a leading cause of global mortality,remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide.Forkhead Box R2(FOXR2),identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family,plays a crucial role in de...Cancer,a leading cause of global mortality,remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide.Forkhead Box R2(FOXR2),identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family,plays a crucial role in developing various endoderm-derived organs.Recent studies have elucidated FOXR2-related pathways and their involvement in both tumor and non-tumor diseases.Dysregulation of FOXR2 has been linked to numerous malignant tumors,spanning the brain,nervous system,thyroid,osteosarcoma,Hodgkin lymphoma,colorectal,liver,pancreatic,lung,breast,ovarian,prostate,female genital tract,endometrial,and uterine cancers.Despite extensive research on FOXR2 dysregulation,its practical applications remain underexplored.This review delves into the mechanisms underlying FOXR2 dysregulation during oncogenesis and its implications for cancer diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.展开更多
The application of appropriate cell origin for utilizing inregenerative medicine is the major issue. Various kinds of stem cells have been used for the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Such as, several st...The application of appropriate cell origin for utilizing inregenerative medicine is the major issue. Various kinds of stem cells have been used for the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Such as, several stromal cells have been employed as treat option for regenerative medicine. For example, human bone marrow-derived stromal cells and adipose-derived stromal cells(ADSCs) are used in cell-based therapy. Data relating to the stem cell therapy and processes associated with ADSC has developed remarkably in the past 10 years. As medical options, both the stromal vascular and ADSC suggests good opportunity as marvelous cell-based therapeutics. The some biological features are the main factors that impact the regenerative activity of ADSCs, including the modulation of the cellular immune system properties and secretion of bioactive proteins such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, as well as their intrinsic anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory potential. A variety of diseases have been treated by ADSCs, and it is not surprising that there has been great interest in the possibility that ADSCs might be used as therapeutic strategy to improve a wider range of diseases. This is especially important when it is remembered that routine therapeutic methods are not completely effective in treat of diseases. Here, it was discuss about applications of ADSC to colitis, liver failure, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, orthopaedic disorders, hair loss, fertility problems, and salivary gland damage.展开更多
Exosomes are small vesicles that carry molecules from one cell to another.They have many features that make them interesting for research,such as their stability,low immunogenicity,size of the nanoscale,toxicity,and s...Exosomes are small vesicles that carry molecules from one cell to another.They have many features that make them interesting for research,such as their stability,low immunogenicity,size of the nanoscale,toxicity,and selective delivery.Exosomes can also interact with viruses in diverse ways.Emerging research highlights the significant role of exosomes in viral infections,particularly in the context of diseases like COVID-19,HIV,HBV and HCV.Understanding the intricate interplay between exosomes and the human immune system holds great promise for the development of effective antiviral therapies.An important aspect is gaining clarity on how exosomes influence the immune system and enhance viral infectivity through their inherent characteristics.By leveraging the innate properties of exosomes,viruses exploit the machinery involved in exosome biogenesis to set replication,facilitate the spread of infection,and eliminate immune responses.They can either help or hinder viral infection by modulating the immune system.This review summarizes the recent findings on how exosomes mediate viral infection and how they can be used for diagnosis or therapy.This could lead to new clinical applications of exosomes in disease management.展开更多
Early intervention with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to change the form and function of the gut microbiota may help rats regain neurological function after a stroke.
Objective:Menstrual blood-derived stem cells from endometriosis patients(E-MenSCs)have different gene expression patterns than those from healthy nonendometriotic females(NE-MenSCs).Exosomes extracted from mesenchymal...Objective:Menstrual blood-derived stem cells from endometriosis patients(E-MenSCs)have different gene expression patterns than those from healthy nonendometriotic females(NE-MenSCs).Exosomes extracted from mesenchymal stem cells and plants are considered for the treatment of various diseases.This study aimed to compare the effects of exosomes derived from NE-MenSCs(C-exos)and those from the roots of ginger(P-exos)on E-MenSCs.Methods:E-MenSCs at the third passage were used,and after evaluating the effective dosage with MTT,C-exos(200µg/mL)or P-exos(100µg/mL)were added to treat them.Following a 72-h incubation,the cells were analyzed with annexin V/PI test to evaluate the apoptosis rate.Also,genes related to inflammation(IL-6,IL-8,IL-1β,NF-κB,COX2),cell cycle(Cyclin D1),the steroid pathway(ESR1),migration and invasion(MMP-2,MMP-9,VEGF),and the apoptosis pathway(BAX,BCL2)were detected by real-time PCR.Results:Apoptosis was increased in both the P-and C-exos groups.The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1βwere significantly lower in the P-exos group than in the E-MenSCs group.The expression levels of IL-8,NF-κB,COX-2,and MMP-9 were significantly decreased in both the P-exos group and the C-exos group.The expression level of VEGF was significantly lower in the P-exos group than in the E-MenSCs group.The BAX/BCL2 ratio was much lower in the P-exos group than in the E-MenSCs group.Conclusion:In this study,we established the feasibility of using a novel natural nontoxic material to target endometriotic mesenchymal stem cells to modify their gene expression and function toward healthy cells.Both C-exos and P-exos showed positive effects on the gene expression and function of endometriotic cells.Considering that plant exosomes are easier to access and less expensive,they can be considered for clinical use in improving the symptoms of endometriosis patients.展开更多
文摘Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate.Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),including exosomes,have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for various pathological conditions,especially cancer.Evidence indicates that changes in the quantity and composition of EVs can influence the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,potentially affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy.Exploiting EVs for immune sensitization has generated significant clinical interest.This review provides an in-depth understanding of the origin of EVs,their therapeutic applications(such as drug delivery nanoplatforms and cancer immunotherapies,including vaccines),diagnostic potential as tumor biomarkers,ongoing EV-based clinical trials,and the challenges encountered in EV-based cancer immunotherapy.
文摘CRISPR represent a groundbreaking genome-editing technology that has revolutionized genetic modification.This innovative tool offers an unparalleled revolution in the future treatment of genetic disorders,neurological diseases,infectious diseases and cancer.Despite the rapid expansion of CRISPR applications,its clinical use in humans is still relatively limited,with only 69 active clinical trials and 6 completed studies reported so far.This review examined current clinical trials and their processes in addressing various diseases via the CRISPR/Cas system.While earlier literatures have focused mainly on delivery methods and materials for CRISPR/Cas9,our review emphasized innovative targeting conditions and approaches for novel and functional therapeutic designs.In addition,we reviewed recent research to increase the efficiency of CRISPR editing in the management of genetic disorders and cancer,while exploring their future challenges and potential.This review provided a unique perspective on the advancement of CRISPR technology.By addressing these aspects,we aim to contribute to ongoing efforts to improve CRISPR-based therapies and expand their clinical applications,ultimately striving to transform the future of medical treatment.
文摘Cancer,a leading cause of global mortality,remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide.Forkhead Box R2(FOXR2),identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family,plays a crucial role in developing various endoderm-derived organs.Recent studies have elucidated FOXR2-related pathways and their involvement in both tumor and non-tumor diseases.Dysregulation of FOXR2 has been linked to numerous malignant tumors,spanning the brain,nervous system,thyroid,osteosarcoma,Hodgkin lymphoma,colorectal,liver,pancreatic,lung,breast,ovarian,prostate,female genital tract,endometrial,and uterine cancers.Despite extensive research on FOXR2 dysregulation,its practical applications remain underexplored.This review delves into the mechanisms underlying FOXR2 dysregulation during oncogenesis and its implications for cancer diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.
文摘The application of appropriate cell origin for utilizing inregenerative medicine is the major issue. Various kinds of stem cells have been used for the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Such as, several stromal cells have been employed as treat option for regenerative medicine. For example, human bone marrow-derived stromal cells and adipose-derived stromal cells(ADSCs) are used in cell-based therapy. Data relating to the stem cell therapy and processes associated with ADSC has developed remarkably in the past 10 years. As medical options, both the stromal vascular and ADSC suggests good opportunity as marvelous cell-based therapeutics. The some biological features are the main factors that impact the regenerative activity of ADSCs, including the modulation of the cellular immune system properties and secretion of bioactive proteins such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, as well as their intrinsic anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory potential. A variety of diseases have been treated by ADSCs, and it is not surprising that there has been great interest in the possibility that ADSCs might be used as therapeutic strategy to improve a wider range of diseases. This is especially important when it is remembered that routine therapeutic methods are not completely effective in treat of diseases. Here, it was discuss about applications of ADSC to colitis, liver failure, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, orthopaedic disorders, hair loss, fertility problems, and salivary gland damage.
文摘Exosomes are small vesicles that carry molecules from one cell to another.They have many features that make them interesting for research,such as their stability,low immunogenicity,size of the nanoscale,toxicity,and selective delivery.Exosomes can also interact with viruses in diverse ways.Emerging research highlights the significant role of exosomes in viral infections,particularly in the context of diseases like COVID-19,HIV,HBV and HCV.Understanding the intricate interplay between exosomes and the human immune system holds great promise for the development of effective antiviral therapies.An important aspect is gaining clarity on how exosomes influence the immune system and enhance viral infectivity through their inherent characteristics.By leveraging the innate properties of exosomes,viruses exploit the machinery involved in exosome biogenesis to set replication,facilitate the spread of infection,and eliminate immune responses.They can either help or hinder viral infection by modulating the immune system.This review summarizes the recent findings on how exosomes mediate viral infection and how they can be used for diagnosis or therapy.This could lead to new clinical applications of exosomes in disease management.
文摘Early intervention with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to change the form and function of the gut microbiota may help rats regain neurological function after a stroke.
文摘Objective:Menstrual blood-derived stem cells from endometriosis patients(E-MenSCs)have different gene expression patterns than those from healthy nonendometriotic females(NE-MenSCs).Exosomes extracted from mesenchymal stem cells and plants are considered for the treatment of various diseases.This study aimed to compare the effects of exosomes derived from NE-MenSCs(C-exos)and those from the roots of ginger(P-exos)on E-MenSCs.Methods:E-MenSCs at the third passage were used,and after evaluating the effective dosage with MTT,C-exos(200µg/mL)or P-exos(100µg/mL)were added to treat them.Following a 72-h incubation,the cells were analyzed with annexin V/PI test to evaluate the apoptosis rate.Also,genes related to inflammation(IL-6,IL-8,IL-1β,NF-κB,COX2),cell cycle(Cyclin D1),the steroid pathway(ESR1),migration and invasion(MMP-2,MMP-9,VEGF),and the apoptosis pathway(BAX,BCL2)were detected by real-time PCR.Results:Apoptosis was increased in both the P-and C-exos groups.The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1βwere significantly lower in the P-exos group than in the E-MenSCs group.The expression levels of IL-8,NF-κB,COX-2,and MMP-9 were significantly decreased in both the P-exos group and the C-exos group.The expression level of VEGF was significantly lower in the P-exos group than in the E-MenSCs group.The BAX/BCL2 ratio was much lower in the P-exos group than in the E-MenSCs group.Conclusion:In this study,we established the feasibility of using a novel natural nontoxic material to target endometriotic mesenchymal stem cells to modify their gene expression and function toward healthy cells.Both C-exos and P-exos showed positive effects on the gene expression and function of endometriotic cells.Considering that plant exosomes are easier to access and less expensive,they can be considered for clinical use in improving the symptoms of endometriosis patients.
