BACKGROUND The medial patellofemoral ligament(MPFL),along with the medial patellotibial ligament(MPTL)and medial patellomeniscal ligament,aid in the stabilization of the patellofemoral joint.Although the MPFL is the p...BACKGROUND The medial patellofemoral ligament(MPFL),along with the medial patellotibial ligament(MPTL)and medial patellomeniscal ligament,aid in the stabilization of the patellofemoral joint.Although the MPFL is the primary stabilizer and the MPTL is a secondary limiter,this ligament is critical in maintaining joint stability.There have been few studies on the combined MPFL and MPTL reconstruction and its benefits.AIM To look into the outcomes of combined MPFL and MPTL reconstruction in frequent patellar instability.METHODS By May 8,2022,four electronic databases were searched:Medline(PubMed),Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar.General keywords such as"patellar instability,""patellar dislocation,""MPFL,""medial patellofemoral ligament,""MPTL,"and"medial patellotibial ligament"were co-searched to increase the sensitivity of the search.RESULTS The pooled effects of combined MPFL and MPTL reconstruction for Kujala score(12-mo followup)and Kujala score(24-mo follow-up)were positive and incremental,according to the findings of this meta-analysis.The mean difference between the Cincinnati scores was also positive,but not statistically significant.The combination of the two surgeries reduces pain.According to cumulative meta-analysis,the trend of pain reduction in various studies is declining over time.CONCLUSION The combined MPFL and MPTL reconstruction has good clinical results in knee function and,in addition to providing good control to maintain patellofemoral joint balance,the patient's pain level decreases over time,making it a valid surgical method for patella stabilization.展开更多
Mercury pollution from a chlor-alkali plant has caused a long-term impact on the northwest of the Persian Gulf.In this article,the history of mercury concentration in Musa estuary,Iran,is summarized from previous rese...Mercury pollution from a chlor-alkali plant has caused a long-term impact on the northwest of the Persian Gulf.In this article,the history of mercury concentration in Musa estuary,Iran,is summarized from previous research and reports and used to estimate the health risk assessment.Despite the closure of the chlor-alkali plant in 2016,the mercury level in sediments and biota is still higher than the acceptable standards in some parts of the estuary.Mercury concentrations and bioaccumulation in the food chain,including fish,crustaceans,birds,and humans,were evaluated.Health risk assessments indicate that consuming some fish species may put children and adults at risk of mercury exposure.Further study is required to fill the gaps for mercury monitoring and recovery.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The medial patellofemoral ligament(MPFL),along with the medial patellotibial ligament(MPTL)and medial patellomeniscal ligament,aid in the stabilization of the patellofemoral joint.Although the MPFL is the primary stabilizer and the MPTL is a secondary limiter,this ligament is critical in maintaining joint stability.There have been few studies on the combined MPFL and MPTL reconstruction and its benefits.AIM To look into the outcomes of combined MPFL and MPTL reconstruction in frequent patellar instability.METHODS By May 8,2022,four electronic databases were searched:Medline(PubMed),Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar.General keywords such as"patellar instability,""patellar dislocation,""MPFL,""medial patellofemoral ligament,""MPTL,"and"medial patellotibial ligament"were co-searched to increase the sensitivity of the search.RESULTS The pooled effects of combined MPFL and MPTL reconstruction for Kujala score(12-mo followup)and Kujala score(24-mo follow-up)were positive and incremental,according to the findings of this meta-analysis.The mean difference between the Cincinnati scores was also positive,but not statistically significant.The combination of the two surgeries reduces pain.According to cumulative meta-analysis,the trend of pain reduction in various studies is declining over time.CONCLUSION The combined MPFL and MPTL reconstruction has good clinical results in knee function and,in addition to providing good control to maintain patellofemoral joint balance,the patient's pain level decreases over time,making it a valid surgical method for patella stabilization.
文摘Mercury pollution from a chlor-alkali plant has caused a long-term impact on the northwest of the Persian Gulf.In this article,the history of mercury concentration in Musa estuary,Iran,is summarized from previous research and reports and used to estimate the health risk assessment.Despite the closure of the chlor-alkali plant in 2016,the mercury level in sediments and biota is still higher than the acceptable standards in some parts of the estuary.Mercury concentrations and bioaccumulation in the food chain,including fish,crustaceans,birds,and humans,were evaluated.Health risk assessments indicate that consuming some fish species may put children and adults at risk of mercury exposure.Further study is required to fill the gaps for mercury monitoring and recovery.
