Doppler cooling of^(88)Sr atoms is studied in the presence of off-resonant red-detuned fluctuating laser fields.Using a semi-classical approach,we show that the relevant physical quantities in the cooling process,such...Doppler cooling of^(88)Sr atoms is studied in the presence of off-resonant red-detuned fluctuating laser fields.Using a semi-classical approach,we show that the relevant physical quantities in the cooling process,such as optical forces,the damping coefficient,Doppler temperature,and atom number in the trap,are strongly affected by the laser amplitude and phase fluctuations.We find that the Doppler cooling limit is higher than the predicted Doppler theory for non-fluctuating lasers.This implies an additional heating mechanism exists due to the laser fluctuations.Furthermore,our numerical analysis shows that the effect of laser power stability on reducing the number of trapped atoms in a magneto-optical trap is more substantial than the effect of laser linewidth.展开更多
Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic,posing severe challenges to public health and contributing to various complications,including metabolic disorders,cardiovascular disease,and type 2 diabetes.This review provide...Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic,posing severe challenges to public health and contributing to various complications,including metabolic disorders,cardiovascular disease,and type 2 diabetes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of obesity,its associated comorbidities,and the limitations of conventional treatments.We explore the complex relationship between obesity-induced inflammation,immune dysregulation,and the pivotal role of adipose tissue macrophages(ATMs).Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissues(AT)is a key driver of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.As ATs expand,they undergo significant changes,including increased immune cell infiltration,particularly macrophages(MΦs),which shift from an anti-inflammatory towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype.This review aims to advance the understanding of immunomodulatory strategies by examining MΦpolarization and AT browning as promising therapeutic approaches.We focus on nanoparticles(NPs)-based strategies for immunomodulation,highlighting innovative engineering approaches designed to target the inflammatory pathways underlying obesity.By addressing these mechanisms,this review provides valuable insights into mitigating obesity-associated inflammation and related metabolic disorders,paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies in the fight against the global obesity epidemic.展开更多
Threads,traditionally used in the apparel industry,have recently emerged as a promising material for the creation of tissue constructs and biomedical implants for organ replacement and repair.The wicking property and ...Threads,traditionally used in the apparel industry,have recently emerged as a promising material for the creation of tissue constructs and biomedical implants for organ replacement and repair.The wicking property and flexibility of threads also make them promising candidates for the creation of three-dimensional(3D)microfluidic circuits.In this paper,we report on thread-based microfluidic networks that interface intimately with biological tissues in three dimensions.We have also developed a suite of physical and chemical sensors integrated with microfluidic networks to monitor physiochemical tissue properties,all made from thread,for direct integration with tissues toward the realization of a thread-based diagnostic device(TDD)platform.The physical and chemical sensors are fabricated from nanomaterial-infused conductive threads and are connected to electronic circuitry using thread-based flexible interconnects for readout,signal conditioning,and wireless transmission.To demonstrate the suite of integrated sensors,we utilized TDD platforms to measure strain,as well as gastric and subcutaneous pH in vitro and in vivo.展开更多
Natural bone constitutes a complex and organized structure of organic and inorganic components with limited ability to regenerate and restore injured tissues,especially in large bone defects.To improve the reconstruct...Natural bone constitutes a complex and organized structure of organic and inorganic components with limited ability to regenerate and restore injured tissues,especially in large bone defects.To improve the reconstruction of the damaged bones,tissue engineering has been introduced as a promising alternative approach to the conventional therapeutic methods including surgical interventions using allograft and autograft implants.Bioengineered composite scaffolds consisting of multifunctional biomaterials in combination with the cells and bioactive therapeutic agents have great promise for bone repair and regeneration.Cellulose and its derivatives are renewable and biodegradable natural polymers that have shown promising potential in bone tissue engineering applications.Cellulose-based scaffolds possess numerous advantages attributed to their excellent properties of non-toxicity,biocompatibility,biodegradability,availability through renewable resources,and the low cost of preparation and processing.Furthermore,cellulose and its derivatives have been extensively used for delivering growth factors and antibiotics directly to the site of the impaired bone tissue to promote tissue repair.This review focuses on the various classifications of cellulose-based composite scaffolds utilized in localized bone drug delivery systems and bone regeneration,including cellulose-organic composites,cellulose-inorganic composites,cellulose-organic/inorganic composites.We will also highlight the physicochemical,mechanical,and biological properties of the different cellulose-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.展开更多
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma-related deaths,in hospital and prehospital settings.Hemostasis is a complex mechanism that involves a cascade of clotting factors and proteins that result in the formation of ...Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma-related deaths,in hospital and prehospital settings.Hemostasis is a complex mechanism that involves a cascade of clotting factors and proteins that result in the formation of a strong clot.In certain surgical and emergency situations,hemostatic agents are needed to achieve faster blood coagulation to prevent the patient from experiencing a severe hemorrhagic shock.Therefore,it is critical to consider appropriate materials and designs for hemostatic agents.Many materials have been fabricated as hemostatic agents,including synthetic and naturally derived polymers.Compared to synthetic polymers,natural polymers or biopolymers,which include polysaccharides and polypeptides,have greater biocompatibility,biodegradability and processibility.Thus,in this review,we focus on biopolymer-based hemostatic agents of different forms,such as powder,particles,sponges and hydrogels.Finally,we discuss biopolymer-based hemostatic materials currently in clinical trials and offer insight into next-generation hemostats for clinical translation.展开更多
文摘Doppler cooling of^(88)Sr atoms is studied in the presence of off-resonant red-detuned fluctuating laser fields.Using a semi-classical approach,we show that the relevant physical quantities in the cooling process,such as optical forces,the damping coefficient,Doppler temperature,and atom number in the trap,are strongly affected by the laser amplitude and phase fluctuations.We find that the Doppler cooling limit is higher than the predicted Doppler theory for non-fluctuating lasers.This implies an additional heating mechanism exists due to the laser fluctuations.Furthermore,our numerical analysis shows that the effect of laser power stability on reducing the number of trapped atoms in a magneto-optical trap is more substantial than the effect of laser linewidth.
基金support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number R35GM142752.
文摘Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic,posing severe challenges to public health and contributing to various complications,including metabolic disorders,cardiovascular disease,and type 2 diabetes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of obesity,its associated comorbidities,and the limitations of conventional treatments.We explore the complex relationship between obesity-induced inflammation,immune dysregulation,and the pivotal role of adipose tissue macrophages(ATMs).Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissues(AT)is a key driver of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.As ATs expand,they undergo significant changes,including increased immune cell infiltration,particularly macrophages(MΦs),which shift from an anti-inflammatory towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype.This review aims to advance the understanding of immunomodulatory strategies by examining MΦpolarization and AT browning as promising therapeutic approaches.We focus on nanoparticles(NPs)-based strategies for immunomodulation,highlighting innovative engineering approaches designed to target the inflammatory pathways underlying obesity.By addressing these mechanisms,this review provides valuable insights into mitigating obesity-associated inflammation and related metabolic disorders,paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies in the fight against the global obesity epidemic.
基金The National Science Foundation partially funded this project under grant EFRI-1240443.
文摘Threads,traditionally used in the apparel industry,have recently emerged as a promising material for the creation of tissue constructs and biomedical implants for organ replacement and repair.The wicking property and flexibility of threads also make them promising candidates for the creation of three-dimensional(3D)microfluidic circuits.In this paper,we report on thread-based microfluidic networks that interface intimately with biological tissues in three dimensions.We have also developed a suite of physical and chemical sensors integrated with microfluidic networks to monitor physiochemical tissue properties,all made from thread,for direct integration with tissues toward the realization of a thread-based diagnostic device(TDD)platform.The physical and chemical sensors are fabricated from nanomaterial-infused conductive threads and are connected to electronic circuitry using thread-based flexible interconnects for readout,signal conditioning,and wireless transmission.To demonstrate the suite of integrated sensors,we utilized TDD platforms to measure strain,as well as gastric and subcutaneous pH in vitro and in vivo.
文摘Natural bone constitutes a complex and organized structure of organic and inorganic components with limited ability to regenerate and restore injured tissues,especially in large bone defects.To improve the reconstruction of the damaged bones,tissue engineering has been introduced as a promising alternative approach to the conventional therapeutic methods including surgical interventions using allograft and autograft implants.Bioengineered composite scaffolds consisting of multifunctional biomaterials in combination with the cells and bioactive therapeutic agents have great promise for bone repair and regeneration.Cellulose and its derivatives are renewable and biodegradable natural polymers that have shown promising potential in bone tissue engineering applications.Cellulose-based scaffolds possess numerous advantages attributed to their excellent properties of non-toxicity,biocompatibility,biodegradability,availability through renewable resources,and the low cost of preparation and processing.Furthermore,cellulose and its derivatives have been extensively used for delivering growth factors and antibiotics directly to the site of the impaired bone tissue to promote tissue repair.This review focuses on the various classifications of cellulose-based composite scaffolds utilized in localized bone drug delivery systems and bone regeneration,including cellulose-organic composites,cellulose-inorganic composites,cellulose-organic/inorganic composites.We will also highlight the physicochemical,mechanical,and biological properties of the different cellulose-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
基金would like to acknowledge funding from the National Institute of Health(5R01HL137193).
文摘Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma-related deaths,in hospital and prehospital settings.Hemostasis is a complex mechanism that involves a cascade of clotting factors and proteins that result in the formation of a strong clot.In certain surgical and emergency situations,hemostatic agents are needed to achieve faster blood coagulation to prevent the patient from experiencing a severe hemorrhagic shock.Therefore,it is critical to consider appropriate materials and designs for hemostatic agents.Many materials have been fabricated as hemostatic agents,including synthetic and naturally derived polymers.Compared to synthetic polymers,natural polymers or biopolymers,which include polysaccharides and polypeptides,have greater biocompatibility,biodegradability and processibility.Thus,in this review,we focus on biopolymer-based hemostatic agents of different forms,such as powder,particles,sponges and hydrogels.Finally,we discuss biopolymer-based hemostatic materials currently in clinical trials and offer insight into next-generation hemostats for clinical translation.
