Balia Nala is the outlet of the Nainital lake, flowing towards southeast direction. Presence of Nainital habitation at its right bank has high socio-economic importance. This study presents the stability analysis of a...Balia Nala is the outlet of the Nainital lake, flowing towards southeast direction. Presence of Nainital habitation at its right bank has high socio-economic importance. This study presents the stability analysis of a ravine/valley along Balia Nala. Variegated slates(lower Krol and upper Blaini formations) are the main rock types, wherever the outcrop does exist and rest of the area is covered by slope wash and river borne materials. Three sets of joints are presented in the area, but 4 sets of joints also exist at some locations. Nainital lake fault intersected by Manora fault from southwest direction passes through eastern side of the study area, and some small faults, which are sub-branches of Nainital lake fault, are observed(with 10 m offset) and promote the landslide in the area. This study shows that different kinds of discontinuities(joints, faults and shear zones) and rapid down cutting by the stream due to neotectonic activity affect the stability of the slope. The fragile lithology and deep V-shaped valley further accelerate the mass movement in the study area. In addition, rock mass rating(RMR), factor of safety(FOS) and graphical analysis of the joints indicate the study area as landslide-prone zone. This study will be helpful in not only reducing the risk on life of people, but also in assisting the ongoing civil work in the study area.展开更多
Nainital City of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya is prone to mass wasting processes during monsoon season,which mischievously triggers the hill slope instability in this region. Slate, dolomitic limestone, silty sandstone and ...Nainital City of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya is prone to mass wasting processes during monsoon season,which mischievously triggers the hill slope instability in this region. Slate, dolomitic limestone, silty sandstone and rhythmite of the Krol Formation are the main rock types. The present study focuses on the investigation of slope stability in the region in terms of potential seismicity and landslide. Geological and geotechnical mapping indicates that the major portion of the area is characterized by slope wash materials and buildings. The combination of 3-4 joint sets with one random joint is the main structure at outcrops.The major geological structures of this area are Nainital lake fault passing from the center of the lake, Main Boundary Thrust at SW, and Khuriya Fault passing from the SE direction of Nainital City. This work finds that different types of discontinuities(e.g. joints and faults), overburden due to unplanned civil structures,and neotectonic activity in the vicinity of this ara affect the stability of the city. The slate forms the base of the city, dipping slightly towards the lake side along the NW direction, thus accelerating the instability of this area. Rock mass rating(RMR), slope mass rating, factor of safety(FOS) and graphical analysis of the discontinuity for slope kinematics indicate that the study area is a landslide-prone zone. This study can facilitate reducing the risk of human life, and contribute to the ongoing construction works in the area.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)advancements are driving the need for highly paral-lel and energy-efficient computing analogous to the human brain and visualsystem.Inspired by the human brain,resistive random-access memori...Artificial intelligence(AI)advancements are driving the need for highly paral-lel and energy-efficient computing analogous to the human brain and visualsystem.Inspired by the human brain,resistive random-access memories(ReRAMs)have recently emerged as an essential component of the intelligentcircuitry architecture for developing high-performance neuromorphic comput-ing systems.This occurs due to their fast switching with ultralow power con-sumption,high ON/OFF ratio,excellent data retention,good endurance,andeven great possibilities for altering resistance analogous to their biologicalcounterparts for neuromorphic computing applications.Additionally,with theadvantages of photoelectric dual modulation of resistive switching,ReRAMsallow optically inspired artificial neural networks and reconfigurable logicoperations,promoting innovative in-memory computing technology forneuromorphic computing and image recognition tasks.Optoelectronicneuromorphic computing architectured ReRAMs can simulate neural func-tionalities,such as light-triggered long-term/short-term plasticity.They can beused in intelligent robotics and bionic neurological optoelectronic systems.Metal oxide(MOx)–polymer hybrid nanocomposites can be beneficial as anactive layer of the bistable metal–insulator–metal ReRAM devices,which holdpromise for developing high-performance memory technology.This reviewexplores the state of the art for developing memory storage,advancement inmaterials,and switching mechanisms for selecting the appropriate materials asactive layers of ReRAMs to boost the ON/OFF ratio,flexibility,and memorydensity while lowering programming voltage.Furthermore,material designcum-synthesis strategies that greatly influence the overall performance of MOx–polymer hybrid nanocomposite ReRAMs and their performances arehighlighted.Additionally,the recent progress of multifunctional optoelectronicMOx–polymer hybrid composites-based ReRAMs are explored as artificial syn-apses for neural networks to emulate neuromorphic visualization and memo-rize information.Finally,the challenges,limitations,and future outlooks ofthe fabrication of MOx–polymer hybrid composite ReRAMs over the conven-tional von Neumann computing systems are discussed.展开更多
文摘Balia Nala is the outlet of the Nainital lake, flowing towards southeast direction. Presence of Nainital habitation at its right bank has high socio-economic importance. This study presents the stability analysis of a ravine/valley along Balia Nala. Variegated slates(lower Krol and upper Blaini formations) are the main rock types, wherever the outcrop does exist and rest of the area is covered by slope wash and river borne materials. Three sets of joints are presented in the area, but 4 sets of joints also exist at some locations. Nainital lake fault intersected by Manora fault from southwest direction passes through eastern side of the study area, and some small faults, which are sub-branches of Nainital lake fault, are observed(with 10 m offset) and promote the landslide in the area. This study shows that different kinds of discontinuities(joints, faults and shear zones) and rapid down cutting by the stream due to neotectonic activity affect the stability of the slope. The fragile lithology and deep V-shaped valley further accelerate the mass movement in the study area. In addition, rock mass rating(RMR), factor of safety(FOS) and graphical analysis of the joints indicate the study area as landslide-prone zone. This study will be helpful in not only reducing the risk on life of people, but also in assisting the ongoing civil work in the study area.
文摘Nainital City of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya is prone to mass wasting processes during monsoon season,which mischievously triggers the hill slope instability in this region. Slate, dolomitic limestone, silty sandstone and rhythmite of the Krol Formation are the main rock types. The present study focuses on the investigation of slope stability in the region in terms of potential seismicity and landslide. Geological and geotechnical mapping indicates that the major portion of the area is characterized by slope wash materials and buildings. The combination of 3-4 joint sets with one random joint is the main structure at outcrops.The major geological structures of this area are Nainital lake fault passing from the center of the lake, Main Boundary Thrust at SW, and Khuriya Fault passing from the SE direction of Nainital City. This work finds that different types of discontinuities(e.g. joints and faults), overburden due to unplanned civil structures,and neotectonic activity in the vicinity of this ara affect the stability of the city. The slate forms the base of the city, dipping slightly towards the lake side along the NW direction, thus accelerating the instability of this area. Rock mass rating(RMR), slope mass rating, factor of safety(FOS) and graphical analysis of the discontinuity for slope kinematics indicate that the study area is a landslide-prone zone. This study can facilitate reducing the risk of human life, and contribute to the ongoing construction works in the area.
基金Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,India,Grant/Award Number:08/096(0012)/2020-EMR-IGovernment of Uttar Pradesh,India,Grant/Award Numbers:108/2021/2585/Sattar-4-2021-4(28)/2021/20,78/2022/1984/Sattar-4-2022-003-70-4099/7/022/19,CST/D-1524+1 种基金Chaudhary Charan Singh University,India,Grant/Award Number:Dev./1043/29.06.2022National Research Foundation of Korea,Grant/Award Numbers:2019R1A2C1085448,2023R1A2C1005421。
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)advancements are driving the need for highly paral-lel and energy-efficient computing analogous to the human brain and visualsystem.Inspired by the human brain,resistive random-access memories(ReRAMs)have recently emerged as an essential component of the intelligentcircuitry architecture for developing high-performance neuromorphic comput-ing systems.This occurs due to their fast switching with ultralow power con-sumption,high ON/OFF ratio,excellent data retention,good endurance,andeven great possibilities for altering resistance analogous to their biologicalcounterparts for neuromorphic computing applications.Additionally,with theadvantages of photoelectric dual modulation of resistive switching,ReRAMsallow optically inspired artificial neural networks and reconfigurable logicoperations,promoting innovative in-memory computing technology forneuromorphic computing and image recognition tasks.Optoelectronicneuromorphic computing architectured ReRAMs can simulate neural func-tionalities,such as light-triggered long-term/short-term plasticity.They can beused in intelligent robotics and bionic neurological optoelectronic systems.Metal oxide(MOx)–polymer hybrid nanocomposites can be beneficial as anactive layer of the bistable metal–insulator–metal ReRAM devices,which holdpromise for developing high-performance memory technology.This reviewexplores the state of the art for developing memory storage,advancement inmaterials,and switching mechanisms for selecting the appropriate materials asactive layers of ReRAMs to boost the ON/OFF ratio,flexibility,and memorydensity while lowering programming voltage.Furthermore,material designcum-synthesis strategies that greatly influence the overall performance of MOx–polymer hybrid nanocomposite ReRAMs and their performances arehighlighted.Additionally,the recent progress of multifunctional optoelectronicMOx–polymer hybrid composites-based ReRAMs are explored as artificial syn-apses for neural networks to emulate neuromorphic visualization and memo-rize information.Finally,the challenges,limitations,and future outlooks ofthe fabrication of MOx–polymer hybrid composite ReRAMs over the conven-tional von Neumann computing systems are discussed.
