AIM: To study the effect of anti-copper treatment for survival of hepatic cells expressing different ATP7 B mutations in cell culture. METHODS: The most common Wilson disease(WD) mutations p.H1069 Q, p.R778 L and p.C2...AIM: To study the effect of anti-copper treatment for survival of hepatic cells expressing different ATP7 B mutations in cell culture. METHODS: The most common Wilson disease(WD) mutations p.H1069 Q, p.R778 L and p.C271*, found in the ATP7 B gene encoding a liver copper transporter, were studied. The mutations represent major genotypes of the United States and Europe, China, and India, respectively. A human hepatoma cell line previously established to carry a knockout of ATP7 B was used to stably express WD mutants. m RNA and protein expression of mutant ATP7 B, survival of cells, apoptosis, and protein trafficking were determined.RESULTS: Low temperature increased ATP7 B protein expression in several mutants. Intracellular ATP7 B localization was significantly impaired in the mutants. Mutants were classified as high, moderate, and no survival based on their viability on exposure to toxic copper. Survival of mutant p.H1069 Q and to a lesser extent p.C271* improved by D-penicillamine(DPA) treatment, while mutant p.R778 L showed a pronounced response to zinc(Zn) treatment. Overall, DPA treatment resulted in higher cell survival as compared to Zn treatment; however, only combined Zn + DPA treatment fully restored cell viability. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that the basic impact of a genotype might be characterized by analysis of mutant hepatic cell lines.展开更多
Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are widely explored as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage owing to their rich redox activity,tunable oxidation states,and high theoretical capacitance.However,conventio...Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are widely explored as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage owing to their rich redox activity,tunable oxidation states,and high theoretical capacitance.However,conventional synthesis routes often rely on toxic chemicals,high-temperature processing,and energy-intensive steps,limiting their sustainability and large-scale applicability.This review highlights recent progress in green synthesis approaches,particularly plant-mediated,microbial,and agro-waste-derived methods that use environmentally benign reducing and stabilizing agents to produce nanostructured TMOs.These green routes enable controlled morphology,enhanced porosity,and defect-rich architectures,resulting in improved charge storage,rate capability,and cycling stability.A comparative assessment of green-synthesized and conventionally prepared TMOs is provided,along with insights into synthesis mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and performance trends.Green chemistry-based strategies show strong potential for developing high-performance,scalable,and eco-friendly electrode materials for next-generation supercapacitors and batteries.展开更多
文摘AIM: To study the effect of anti-copper treatment for survival of hepatic cells expressing different ATP7 B mutations in cell culture. METHODS: The most common Wilson disease(WD) mutations p.H1069 Q, p.R778 L and p.C271*, found in the ATP7 B gene encoding a liver copper transporter, were studied. The mutations represent major genotypes of the United States and Europe, China, and India, respectively. A human hepatoma cell line previously established to carry a knockout of ATP7 B was used to stably express WD mutants. m RNA and protein expression of mutant ATP7 B, survival of cells, apoptosis, and protein trafficking were determined.RESULTS: Low temperature increased ATP7 B protein expression in several mutants. Intracellular ATP7 B localization was significantly impaired in the mutants. Mutants were classified as high, moderate, and no survival based on their viability on exposure to toxic copper. Survival of mutant p.H1069 Q and to a lesser extent p.C271* improved by D-penicillamine(DPA) treatment, while mutant p.R778 L showed a pronounced response to zinc(Zn) treatment. Overall, DPA treatment resulted in higher cell survival as compared to Zn treatment; however, only combined Zn + DPA treatment fully restored cell viability. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that the basic impact of a genotype might be characterized by analysis of mutant hepatic cell lines.
文摘Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are widely explored as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage owing to their rich redox activity,tunable oxidation states,and high theoretical capacitance.However,conventional synthesis routes often rely on toxic chemicals,high-temperature processing,and energy-intensive steps,limiting their sustainability and large-scale applicability.This review highlights recent progress in green synthesis approaches,particularly plant-mediated,microbial,and agro-waste-derived methods that use environmentally benign reducing and stabilizing agents to produce nanostructured TMOs.These green routes enable controlled morphology,enhanced porosity,and defect-rich architectures,resulting in improved charge storage,rate capability,and cycling stability.A comparative assessment of green-synthesized and conventionally prepared TMOs is provided,along with insights into synthesis mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and performance trends.Green chemistry-based strategies show strong potential for developing high-performance,scalable,and eco-friendly electrode materials for next-generation supercapacitors and batteries.
