One of the most exciting new developments in energy storage technology is flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(f-ZIHSCs),which combine the high energy of Zn-ion batteries with high-power supercapacitors to satisfy t...One of the most exciting new developments in energy storage technology is flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(f-ZIHSCs),which combine the high energy of Zn-ion batteries with high-power supercapacitors to satisfy the needs of portable flexible electronics.However,the development of f-ZHSCs is still in its infancy,and there are numerous barriers to overcome before they can be widely implemented for practical applications.This review gives an up-to-date description of recent achievements and underlying concepts in energy storage mechanisms of f-ZIHSCs and emphasizes the critical role of cathode,anode,and electrolyte materials systems in speeding the prosperity of f-ZIHSCs.The innovative nanostructured-based cathode materials for f-ZIHSCs include carbon(e.g.,porous carbon,heteroatom-doped carbon,biomass-derived porous carbon,graphene,etc.),metal-oxides,MXenes,and metal/covalentorganic frameworks,and other materials(e.g.,activated carbon,phosphorene,etc.)are mainly focused.Afterward,the latest developments in flexible anode and electrolyte frameworks and impacts of electrolyte compositions on the electrochemical properties of f-ZIHSC are elaborated.Subsequently,the advancements based on fabrication designs,including quasi-solid-state,micro,fiber-shaped,and all climate-changed f-ZIHSCs,are discussed in detail.Lastly,a summary of current challenges and recommendations for the future progress of advanced f-ZIHSC are addressed.This review article is anticipated to further understand the viable strategies and achievable approaches for assembling high-performance f-ZIHSCs and boost the technical revolutions on cathode,anode,and electrolytes for f-ZIHSC devices.展开更多
The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine receptors.The very first receptor ...The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine receptors.The very first receptor antagonist of cytokine that was naturally present was interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra).The IL-1Ra protein forms are disinfected from supernatants of cultured monocytes on stacked IgG.The family of IL-1 consists of IL-1α,IL-1βand IL-1Ra.Human monocytes regulate the production of IL-Ra.IL-Ra takes part in normal physiological functions by using specific antibodies,and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent.IL-Ra is synthesized in the tissues during the period of active disease and can be systematically measured and/or estimated.Maintenance of the levels of IL-Ra and IL-1 is the main factor for host resistance in patients during diseased conditions,as IL-Ra acts as an inherent regulator of various inflammatory responses.In this article,we focuse on how IL-Ra is synthesized and performs its functions once the inflammatory responses are activated.展开更多
Since ancient times,the inhabitants of dry areas have depended on the date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)as a staple food and means of economic security.For example,dates have been a staple diet for the inhabitants of t...Since ancient times,the inhabitants of dry areas have depended on the date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)as a staple food and means of economic security.For example,dates have been a staple diet for the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Sahara Desert in North Africa for millennia and the local culture is rich in knowledge and experience with the benefits of dates,suggesting that dates contain many substances essential for the human body.Madinah dates are considered one of the most important types of dates in the Arabian Peninsula,with Ajwa being one of the most famous types and grown only in Madinah,Saudi Arabia.Date seeds are traditionally used for animal feed,seed oil production,cosmetics,and as a coffee substitute.Phytochemical compounds that have been detected in date fruits and date seeds include phenolic acids,carotenoids,and flavonoids.Phenolic acids are the most prevalent bioactive constituents that contribute to the antioxidant activity of date fruits.The bioactive properties of these phytochemicals are believed to promote human health by reducing the risk of diseases such as chronic inflammation.Ajwa dates especially are thought to have superior bioactivity properties.To investigate these claims,in this study,we compare the metabolic profiles of Ajwa with different types of dates collected from Saudi Arabia and Tunisia.We show by UHPLC-MS that date seeds contain several classes of flavonoids,phenolic acids,and amino acid derivatives,including citric acid,malic acid,lactic acid,and hydroxyadipic acid.Additionally,GC-MS profiling showed that date seeds are richer in metabolite classes,such as hydrocinnamic acids(caffeic,ferulic and sinapic acids),than flesh samples.Deglet N fruit extract(minimum inhibitory concentration:27 MIC/μM)and Sukkari fruit extract(IC_(50):479±0.58μg/mL)have higher levels of antibacterial and antioxidative activity than Ajwa fruits.However,the seed analysis showed that seed extracts have better bioactivity effects than fruit extracts.Specifically,Ajwa extract showed the best MIC and strongest ABTS radical-scavenging activity among examined seed extracts(minimum inhibitory concentration:20μM;IC_(50):54±3.61μg/mL).Our assays are a starting point for more advanced in vitro antibacterial models and investigation into the specific molecules that are responsible for the antioxidative and anti-bacterial activities of dates.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites exhibit excellent absorption properties,high carrier mobility,and remarkable charge transfer ability,showcasing significant potential as light harvesters in new-generation photovoltaic and opt...Metal halide perovskites exhibit excellent absorption properties,high carrier mobility,and remarkable charge transfer ability,showcasing significant potential as light harvesters in new-generation photovoltaic and optoelectronic technologies.Their development has seen unprecedented growth since their discovery.Similar to metal halide perovskite developments,perovskite quantum dots(PQDs)have demonstrated significant versatility in terms of shape,dimension,bandgap,and optical properties,making them suitable for the development of optoelectronic devices.This review discusses various fabrication methods of PQDs,delves into their degradation mechanisms,and explores strategies for enhancing their performance with their applications in a variety of technological fields.Their elevated surface-to-volume ratio highlights their importance in increasing solar cell efficiency.PQDs are also essential for increasing the performance of perovskite solar cells,photodetectors,and lightemitting diodes,which makes them indispensable for solid-state lighting applications.PQDs'unique optoelectronic characteristics make them suitable for sophisticated sensing applications,giving them greater capabilities in this field.Furthermore,PQDs'resistive switching behavior makes them a good fit for applications in memory devices.PQDs'vast potential also encompasses the fields of quantum optics and communication,especially for uses like nanolasers and polarized light detectors.Even though stability and environmental concerns remain major obstacles,research efforts are being made to actively address these issues,enabling PQDs to obtain their full potential in device applications.Simply put,understanding PQDs'real potential lies in overcoming obstacles and utilizing their inherent qualities.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Fund for International Scientists(52250410342)Scientific Research start-up grant for Youth Researchers at Lanzhou University,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972153)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2021-sp64)and Supercomputing Center of Lanzhou University.
文摘One of the most exciting new developments in energy storage technology is flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(f-ZIHSCs),which combine the high energy of Zn-ion batteries with high-power supercapacitors to satisfy the needs of portable flexible electronics.However,the development of f-ZHSCs is still in its infancy,and there are numerous barriers to overcome before they can be widely implemented for practical applications.This review gives an up-to-date description of recent achievements and underlying concepts in energy storage mechanisms of f-ZIHSCs and emphasizes the critical role of cathode,anode,and electrolyte materials systems in speeding the prosperity of f-ZIHSCs.The innovative nanostructured-based cathode materials for f-ZIHSCs include carbon(e.g.,porous carbon,heteroatom-doped carbon,biomass-derived porous carbon,graphene,etc.),metal-oxides,MXenes,and metal/covalentorganic frameworks,and other materials(e.g.,activated carbon,phosphorene,etc.)are mainly focused.Afterward,the latest developments in flexible anode and electrolyte frameworks and impacts of electrolyte compositions on the electrochemical properties of f-ZIHSC are elaborated.Subsequently,the advancements based on fabrication designs,including quasi-solid-state,micro,fiber-shaped,and all climate-changed f-ZIHSCs,are discussed in detail.Lastly,a summary of current challenges and recommendations for the future progress of advanced f-ZIHSC are addressed.This review article is anticipated to further understand the viable strategies and achievable approaches for assembling high-performance f-ZIHSCs and boost the technical revolutions on cathode,anode,and electrolytes for f-ZIHSC devices.
基金support of the Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS)at King Khalid University Abha,Saudi Arabia,through Grant(KKU/RCAMS/22).
文摘The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine receptors.The very first receptor antagonist of cytokine that was naturally present was interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra).The IL-1Ra protein forms are disinfected from supernatants of cultured monocytes on stacked IgG.The family of IL-1 consists of IL-1α,IL-1βand IL-1Ra.Human monocytes regulate the production of IL-Ra.IL-Ra takes part in normal physiological functions by using specific antibodies,and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent.IL-Ra is synthesized in the tissues during the period of active disease and can be systematically measured and/or estimated.Maintenance of the levels of IL-Ra and IL-1 is the main factor for host resistance in patients during diseased conditions,as IL-Ra acts as an inherent regulator of various inflammatory responses.In this article,we focuse on how IL-Ra is synthesized and performs its functions once the inflammatory responses are activated.
基金KAUST Smart Health Initiative grants(SHI REI 4447)(MJ)and through baseline-funds(MJ).
文摘Since ancient times,the inhabitants of dry areas have depended on the date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)as a staple food and means of economic security.For example,dates have been a staple diet for the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Sahara Desert in North Africa for millennia and the local culture is rich in knowledge and experience with the benefits of dates,suggesting that dates contain many substances essential for the human body.Madinah dates are considered one of the most important types of dates in the Arabian Peninsula,with Ajwa being one of the most famous types and grown only in Madinah,Saudi Arabia.Date seeds are traditionally used for animal feed,seed oil production,cosmetics,and as a coffee substitute.Phytochemical compounds that have been detected in date fruits and date seeds include phenolic acids,carotenoids,and flavonoids.Phenolic acids are the most prevalent bioactive constituents that contribute to the antioxidant activity of date fruits.The bioactive properties of these phytochemicals are believed to promote human health by reducing the risk of diseases such as chronic inflammation.Ajwa dates especially are thought to have superior bioactivity properties.To investigate these claims,in this study,we compare the metabolic profiles of Ajwa with different types of dates collected from Saudi Arabia and Tunisia.We show by UHPLC-MS that date seeds contain several classes of flavonoids,phenolic acids,and amino acid derivatives,including citric acid,malic acid,lactic acid,and hydroxyadipic acid.Additionally,GC-MS profiling showed that date seeds are richer in metabolite classes,such as hydrocinnamic acids(caffeic,ferulic and sinapic acids),than flesh samples.Deglet N fruit extract(minimum inhibitory concentration:27 MIC/μM)and Sukkari fruit extract(IC_(50):479±0.58μg/mL)have higher levels of antibacterial and antioxidative activity than Ajwa fruits.However,the seed analysis showed that seed extracts have better bioactivity effects than fruit extracts.Specifically,Ajwa extract showed the best MIC and strongest ABTS radical-scavenging activity among examined seed extracts(minimum inhibitory concentration:20μM;IC_(50):54±3.61μg/mL).Our assays are a starting point for more advanced in vitro antibacterial models and investigation into the specific molecules that are responsible for the antioxidative and anti-bacterial activities of dates.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(no.RS-2022-00165798)。
文摘Metal halide perovskites exhibit excellent absorption properties,high carrier mobility,and remarkable charge transfer ability,showcasing significant potential as light harvesters in new-generation photovoltaic and optoelectronic technologies.Their development has seen unprecedented growth since their discovery.Similar to metal halide perovskite developments,perovskite quantum dots(PQDs)have demonstrated significant versatility in terms of shape,dimension,bandgap,and optical properties,making them suitable for the development of optoelectronic devices.This review discusses various fabrication methods of PQDs,delves into their degradation mechanisms,and explores strategies for enhancing their performance with their applications in a variety of technological fields.Their elevated surface-to-volume ratio highlights their importance in increasing solar cell efficiency.PQDs are also essential for increasing the performance of perovskite solar cells,photodetectors,and lightemitting diodes,which makes them indispensable for solid-state lighting applications.PQDs'unique optoelectronic characteristics make them suitable for sophisticated sensing applications,giving them greater capabilities in this field.Furthermore,PQDs'resistive switching behavior makes them a good fit for applications in memory devices.PQDs'vast potential also encompasses the fields of quantum optics and communication,especially for uses like nanolasers and polarized light detectors.Even though stability and environmental concerns remain major obstacles,research efforts are being made to actively address these issues,enabling PQDs to obtain their full potential in device applications.Simply put,understanding PQDs'real potential lies in overcoming obstacles and utilizing their inherent qualities.
